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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are oral contraceptive use and pregnancy complications risk factors for atopic disorders among offspring? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 15 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In utero programming of atopic manifestations has been suggested. We investigated the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use before, and complications during pregnancy (CDP) and asthma, along with other atopic manifestations. The study is based on neonates from Kingston and St Andrew, a geographic subcohort from the Jamaican Perinatal Morbidity, Mortality Survey conducted in 1986–1987. Information on OC use and CDP was extracted from maternal interviews and medical records. In a follow up in 1997–1998, via interviews with mothers, trained nurses collected information on asthma/wheezing, coughing, eczema, and hay fever. Data, specific to this paper, from birth and 11–12 yr of age was available for a total of 1040 of the 1720 members of the geographic subcohort. Using logistic regression, controlling for confounders, we estimated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). For asthma or wheezing, and coughing, aOR for OC use were 1.81 (95% CI: 1.25–2.61), and 2.72 (95% CI: 1.41–5.24), respectively. CDP was only shown to be a significant risk factor for hay fever. Additionally, a higher number of older siblings were protective for hay fever. The results suggest that asthma in childhood may be programmed in utero.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00185.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the Prevention of Allergy in Children in Europe (SPACE): Allergic sensitization in children at 1 year of age in a controlled trial of allergen avoidance from birth (2002)
    Copenhagen, Denmark : Munksgaard
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 13 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several studies have demonstrated that early intervention may modulate the natural course of atopic disease. Our objective was to prevent sensitization to house-dust mite and food allergens, as well as the development of atopic symptoms during infancy, by the combination of an educational package and the use of mite allergen-impermeable mattress encasings. A multicentre European, population-based, randomized, controlled study of children at increased atopic risk [Study on the Prevention of Allergy in Children in Europe (SPACE)] was performed in five countries (Austria, Germany, Greece, the UK, and Lithuania), and included three cohorts – schoolchildren, toddlers, and newborns. We report on the newborn cohort. A total of 696 newborns were included from Austria, the UK, and Germany. Inclusion criteria were: a positive history of parental allergy; and a positive skin-prick test or specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) (IgE ≥ 1.43 kU/L) against at least one out of a panel of common aeroallergens in one or both parents. At 1 year of age, the overall sensitization rate against the tested allergens [dust-mite allergens: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Der p and Der f)] and food allergens (egg, milk) in the prophylactic group was 6.21% vs. 10.67% in the control group. The prevalence of sensitization against Der p was 1.86% in the prophylactic group vs. 5% in the control group. In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate, in a group of newborns at risk for atopic diseases, that the sensitization rate to a panel of aero- and food allergens could be effectively decreased through the use of impermeable mattress encasings and the implementation of easy-to-perform preventive measures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.13.s.15.11.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal atopy and the number of offspring: Is there an association? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We investigated the association between maternal atopy and the number of offspring. In a population- and pregnancy-based survey (part of the European Studies on Infertility and Subfecundity), we obtained information on the number of offspring, adverse pregnancy outcomes, age at pregnancy, and waiting time to pregnancy. The German portion of these surveys also included information on physician-diagnosis of asthma, atopic eczema, or hay fever. The odds ratio (OR) adjusted for age showed that the number of children was reduced among women with atopy (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.57–0.98 in the pregnancy-based sample; OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63–0.99 in the population-based sample). We did not identify other signs of reduced reproductive ability in atopic women. The results provide support for two assumptions: (i) either a lower number of offspring in atopic mothers combined with an increased risk of atopy in offspring of atopic mothers may explain the protective effect of a higher number of siblings on atopy in offspring; or (ii) successive pregnancies may decrease the atopic response of the mother and thus the risk of developing atopy in subsequent offspring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0905-6157.2003.00089.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the Prevention of Allergy in Children in Europe (SPACE): Allergic sensitization at 1 year of age in a controlled trial of allergen avoidance from birth (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 14 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several studies have demonstrated that early intervention may modulate the natural course of atopic disease. The objective of this study was to prevent sensitization to house dust mite and food allergens, as well as development of atopic symptoms, during infancy. To achieve this we employed the combination of an educational package with the use of mite allergen-impermeable mattress encasings. A multi-center European, population-based, randomized controlled study of children at increased atopic risk [study on the prevention of Allergy in Children in Europe (SPACE)] was performed in five countries (Austria, Germany, Greece, Great Britain, Lithuania) and included three cohorts of schoolchildren, toddlers and newborns. We report on the newborn cohort. A total of 696 newborns were included in Austria, Great Britain and Germany. Inclusion criteria were a positive history of parental allergy and a positive skin-prick test or specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) of ≥ 1.43 kU/l against at least one out of a panel of common aeroallergens in one or both parents. At 1 year of age the overall sensitization rate against the tested allergens [dust mite allergens: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae (Der p and Der f, respectively)] and food allergens (egg, milk) in the prophylactic group was 6.21% vs. 10.67% in the control group. The prevalence of sensitization against Der p was 1.86% in the prophylactic group vs. 5% in the control group. In conclusion, we demonstrated, in a group of newborns at risk for atopic diseases, that the sensitization rate to a panel of aero- and food allergens could be effectively decreased through the use of impermeable mattress encasings and the implementation of preventive measures that were easy to perform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.2003.02069.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein in children with and without sensitization to inhalant allergens (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 739-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Sensitization ; Children ; Eosinophil cationic protein ; Eosinophils ; Mite allergens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eosinophil inflammation is a common feature of allergic disorders and particularly in allergic asthma interest has been paid to related markers. In a communitybased survey of 10-year-old children, the association of eosinophil count (EC) and serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) with allergic sensitization, clinical history and exposure to mite allergen was studied. Relying on the results of skin prick tests, the children were divided to three groups: (1) children showing no sensitization to one of the seven inhalant allergens (n=16); (2) children with sensitization to at least one of five non-mite allergens (n=16); and (3) children with sensitization to mite allergens (n-75). Clinical history of asthma and hay fever was ascertained using standardized questionnaires. EC in peripheral blood and serum ECP were measured on one single occasion. Prior to blood sampling, mite allergen exposure at home had been assessed by taking dust samples and measuring the mite antigen concentration by means of an enzyme immunoassay. Compared to group 1, higher ECs were obvious in group 2 (P=0.037) and in group 3 (P=0.0013). Regarding serum ECP, higher levels occurred in group 2 (P=0.0033) as well as in group 3 (P=0.0001) when comparing them to the reference group. Sensitized children with neither asthma, nor asthma-like symptoms, nor hay fever (n=28) did not have significantly lower ECs and serum ECP levels than those with hay fever (n=15;P=0.09,P=0.17) and those with asthma (n=22;P=0.69,P=0.64). Since mild asthmatics were in general included, our findings were limited with regard to clinical severity. Using multiple linear regression, EC occurs in positive association with mite allergen exposure at home (P=0.033) and with a history of asthma-like symptoms (P=0.02). Conclusion Our findings indicate that EC and serum ECP are confounded by the status of allergic sensitization. Therefore, value and limits of both parameters need further investigation before use in the management of allergic children can be recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954491
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Luftschadstoffbelastung und Asthma bronchiale bei Schulkindern (1991)
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 36 (1991), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'effet de la pollution de l'air intérieur et extérieur sur la prévalence de l'asthme chez l'enfant a été étudié dans la région de Freiburg, RFA et dans deux communes voisinantes de la Forêt Noire. Le collectif de sujets était composé de 704 enfants âgés de 7 à 16 ans. Les mères de famille et leur(s) enfant(s) participaient à un interview standardisé et à un examen clinique. L'évaluation de l'exposition aux polluants intérieurs a été basée sur l'information recueillie lors de l'interview et sur deux index différents: 1) type et nombre de sources de chauffage. 2) la qualité de la ventilation de l'air intérieur. La concentration de dioxide d'azote et la quantité de particules de suie ont été mesurées dans l'air extérieur. La détermination de la prévalence d'asthme a été basée sur les diagnostics antérieurs des médecins traitants et les résultats de l'interview standardisé. D'autres facteurs prédisposant à l'asthme ont été déterminés lors de l'interview (exposition à la fumée de cigarette, prédisposition génétique à l'asthme) et lors de l'examen clinique (présence d'allergie évaluée par test cutané). Les données ont été analysées par une régression logistique et une estimation de «odds ratios». Une corrélation significative a pu être démontrée entre la prévalence d'asthme et l'index de chauffage. Le risque relatif était 4,8 fois plus élevé dans les ménages à source de chauffage multiple comparés à d'autres types de chauffage. Parmi les facteurs prédisposant à l'asthme la sensibilisation dans les tests cutanés augmentait le risque relatif de l'asthme d'un facteur huit.
    Abstract: Summary To examine the possibility of an effect of indoor and outdoor exposures on the prevalence of asthma in childhood we conducted a cross-sectional study in the area of Freiburg city and two communities in the Black Forest. The study group consists of 704 children aged 7 to 16 years. The children and their mothers took part in a standardized interview and a medical examination. Indoor exposures were assessed from information gathered in the interview by two different indices: (a) heating system and single room heating, and (b) the amount of indoor ventilation. The measurement of outdoor pollutants took into account weekly estimations of NO2 and combustion particles. The presence of asthma was recorded according to a previous medical diagnosis. Confounders were assessed during the interview (passive smoking, genetic predisposition to asthma etc.) or during the medical examination (cutaneous sensitization with a skin prick test). For the analysis of the data we applied logistic regression models and estimated odds-ratios. Only one of the four hypothesis variables displays a significant effect on the prevalence of asthma: Stoves as heating device carry a 4,8-fold relative risk for asthma compared to other types of heating. Among the confounding variables controlled for in the explanatory model, cutaneous reactions showed a relative risk of eight.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In einer Querschnitts-Studie wurde untersucht, ob die Innenraumbelastung—Art der heizung und Ausmass der Ventilation—sowie die Aussenluftbelastung—Stickstoffdioxid-Konzentration und Russpartikeldeposition—unter Kontrolle von Störfaktoren einen Einfluss auf das Vorkommen von Asthma bronchiale im Kindesalter haben. Die Untersuchungsgruppe bestand aus 704 Kindern im Alter von 7 bis 16 Jahren aus Freiburg und zwei Gemeinden im Hochschwarzwald. Das Vorkommen von Bronchialasthma wurde mittels einer standardisierten Befragung der Eltern aufgrund einer vorangehenden ärztlichen Diagnose festgestellt. Die Innenraumbelastungen wurden standardisiert erfragt; die Aussenluftbelastungen wurden aufgrund wöchentlicher Messungen bestimmt. Unter den Störvariablen ist das Vorliegen einer kutanen Sensibilisierung gegenüber Aeroallergenen mittels eines Haut-Prick-Testes ermittelt worden. Die genetische Disposition und andere potentielle Störvariablen ergaben sich aufgrund der Angaben der Eltern. Die Hypothesen sind mittels logistischer Regression und der Schätzung von Odds-Ratios getestet worden. Dabei zeigt sich nur für den Heizungs-Index ein signifikanter Zusammenhang mit Bronchialasthma. Im Falle von Einzelraumheizungen besteht gegenüber anderen Heizungsarten ein etwa 4,8-fach erhöhtes Relatives Risiko an Asthma erkrankt zu sein. Unter den Störvariablen wurde für die kutane Sensibilisierung ein achtfaches relatives Asthmarisiko identifiziert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01846044
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