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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing the soil solution chemistry in Norway spruce stands in the Bohemian Forest, Austria
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 47 (1993), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-8809
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(93)90107-Z
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aluminium and manganese and their relation to calcium in soil solution and needles in three Norway spruce (Picea abies, L. Karst.) stands of Upper Austria (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 114 (1989), S. 257-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium ; calcium ; manganese ; needles ; soil solution ; spruce ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil solution and needles of three mature spruce stands in Upper Austria were analysed in order to investigate the uptake and possible toxic effects of Mn and Al, as these two elements become highly mobilised in the soil due to increasing acidity. The Ca/Al molar ratio in the soil solution was below 0.2 in the most damaged stand during almost the whole vegetation period. Despite different dynamics, Al reaches almost identical values in all stands at the end of the vegetation period in both 1-year (current) and 2-year-old needles, respectively. Therefore, needle analysis is not a useful tool for estimation of free Al in the soil. Needle contents of other elements could provide a better information for understanding the forest decline. Mn in the needles correlates significantly with Mn concentrations in the soil solution. As soil Mn will be mobilised by acidic input, Mn needle content can increase to very high levels. Manganese distribution, its interaction with calcium, and possible toxic effects are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02220806
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indications of unbalanced nitrogen nutrition of Norway spruce stands (1990)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 128 (1990), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ; magnesium ; nitrogen ; nitrogen saturation ; Norway spruce ; nutritional imbalance ; Picea abies ; soil solution ; sulphur/nitrogen ratio ; tree nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Differences in nitrogen cycling and in the nutrition of trees are significantly coupled to the levels of nitrogen input and to the nitrate levels in the soil solution. Relatively high nitrogen supply can cause unbalanced nutrition on sites which contain either low or moderate amounts of other nutrients. This is indicated by low cation/nitrogen ratios in foliage and also by the S/N ratio falling temporarily below 0.030.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009401
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal dynamics of major cations in xylem sap and needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in stands with different soil solution chemistry (1988)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 110 (1988), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: calcium ; deficiency ; magnesium ; needles ; nutrition ; nutrient mobilisation ; potassium ; seasonal dynamics ; soil solution ; soil water ; spruce ; xylem sap
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil solution, xylem sap and needles of mature trees were sampled in three spruce stands over one vegetation period and analysed for major cations. Investigations of nutrient distribution between these three pools and evaluations of seasonal dynamics give the following results: The highest nutrient concentrations in the xylem sap occur at the time of bud break and become gradually lower during the vegetation period. The trees show similar trends of xylem sap concentrations with time for potassium, calcium and magnesium regardless of the nutritional status of the plots. No coupling of xylem sap to soil solution composition can be observed in spite of a high variability of soil solution chemistry in time. The major cations in the current needles exhibit a significantly different trend with time. No time-based correlations for nutrient contents could be found for the needles from the previous year. Despite mobilisation of storage pools in the deficient stand, trees are not able to increase the Ca and Mg contents in the needles up to the level of the other stands. Potassium could be retranslocated in sufficient extent for nutrition of current needles. Due to seasonal variability and dependence upon internal processes, such as retranslocation and mobilisation of nutrients, xylem sap does not seem to be a good tool for the estimation of the nutritional status of forest sites. It was concluded that only minor transport into new foliage via xylem sap will proceed after nutrient flush during the bud break and the nutrient content in the new biomass will be governed by dilution due to biomass growth or by nutrient transport by other means than xylem sap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143544
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of air pollutants on mineral nutrition of Norway spruce and revitalization of declining stands in Austria (1992)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 61 (1992), S. 309-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The vigor of Norway spruce stands in the Bohemian Forest of Austria was correlated with site factors, informations on historic land use, and chemical properties of the soils and spruce needles. The study confirmed that trees on west exposed slopes and plateaus in higher elevation have lower crown densities. The soils in the area are generally low in base saturation. Historical land use, such as litter raking, grazing and burning of biomass for potash led to nutrient depletion. Increasing deposition of atmospheric N during the last decades alleviated N stress, but increased Ca and Mg stress. N∶Mg ratios in needles of declining stands are wide, indicating N induced nutritional imbalances. PH values in the mineral topsoil are very low on W-slopes and plateaus. Measurements of pollutant deposition at three different sites indicate a strong influence of aspect and elevation on input rates. In a southwest exposed stand and a stand on a hilltop, facing the prevailing winds, substantially more S and N was recovered in the throughfall than in northeast exposed stand. Deposition rates in the open did not differ significantly. High NO3 − concentrations in the soil solution of the southwest exposed site indicate N saturation of the system. In order to test the hypothesis that mineral deficiency and nutritional disorders contribute to the poor vigor of these stands, fertilizer experiments were established. Fertilization with a combination of an organic fertilizer (BACTOSOL**)) and a magnesite fertilizer (BIOMAG*)) significantly improved crown density, growth, seed viability, and mineral nutrition as inferred from foliar analysis. NO3 − leaching in the combined BACTOSOL+BIOMAG treatment increased during the first and second growing season after fertilization but leveled off to values typical for the control plots after three years. Mg content of the soil solution increased both in the BIOMAG and the combined BACTOSOL+BIOMAG treatment. These experiments show that the nutritional status and the resilience of declining forests in the Bohemian Forests of Austria can be easily improved by proper fertilizer treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00482613
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of stand density and canopy position on sulfur content in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) (1985)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 25 (1985), S. 321-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of total S in tree foliage has become widely accepted as a means of assessing S pollution of forests when air quality data are lacking. An investigation of total S content of mixed needle samples of different age and canopy height from two stands of young Norway spruce with different densities showed that S-content exceeded the maximum natural S-content (i.e. in the absence of SO2-pollution) for spruce. Significantly higher average needle S contents were encountered with decreasing stand density. Changed aerodynamic roughness and physiological status of thinned trees indicated combined action of atmospheric and tree physiological variables on S deposition and uptake in forest ecosystems. A marked increase in S content from 1 yr old to older needles and from the lower to the upper canopy was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208458
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