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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of Soluble Immunoglobulin Aggregates in Vitro by Monocytes from Normal Subjects and from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 16 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The capacity of human peripheral monocytes to degrade soluble immunoglobulin (IgG) aggregates (AIgG) was studied in vitro. Under serum-free conditions peripheral monocytes from normal donors were able to degrade soluble AIgG in a linear and time-dependent fashion. Addition of fresh human or fresh guinea-pig serum to the incubation mixtures caused a marked increase in degradation of the amount of soluble AIgG available. The stimulatory effect of fresh serum was complement-mediated, because it was abolished by heat treatment of the serum and was not seen when C4- or C3-deficient sera were tested. Functional inactivation of C3 receptors on the phagocytes by trypsin also abolished the complement-mediated stimulation, suggesting cooperation between Fc and C3 receptor in degradation of soluble AIgG. No significant differences were found between monocytes from normal donors and those from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, as far as degradation is concerned in the presence of complement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1982.tb00705.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clearance and Glomerular Localization of Preformed DNP Anti-DNP Immune Complexes (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 10 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The in vivo behaviour of well-defined immune complexes in rats was studied using complexes derived from DNP-conjugated bovine thyroglobulin (DNP-BTC) and purified specific goat anti-DNP IgG. Both clearance and glomerular localization were mainly dependent on the nature of the antigen. Soluble immune complexes formed with DNP17-BTG were cleared faster and showed a more marked localization in the glomerular mesangium than complexes formed with DNP3,4-BTG. A slight increase in the antibody to antigen ratio seemed to facilitate mesangial localization of soluble immune complexes. Insoluble immune complexes showed temporary localization as microemboli in the lumina of glomerular and peritubular capillaries. This study thus shows that not only the size and composition of the complexes but also the nature of the antigen within the complex can influence the clearance and organ localization of circulating immune complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb01371.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in onchocerciasis (1996)
    Springer
    Lung 174 (1996), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ; Onchocerciasis ; Sarcoidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our objective was to measure serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in patients with onchocerciasis. Serum ACE activity is commonly used in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with sarcoidosis. However, serum ACE activity can also be elevated in a number of other granulomatous disorders. In onchocerciasis, a parasitic disease affecting millions of people in Africa and Central and South America, granulomatous tissue around adult worms has been identified, yet raised serum ACE activity has not been reported so far. We measured serum ACE activity in serum samples from 42 onchocerciasis patients and 39 endemic controls previously enrolled in two studies concerning the side effects after ivermectin treatment in Sierra Leone, West Africa. The mean ACE activity in the patient group was 53.8 units/liter (S.D. 19.8) compared with 35.2 units/liter (S.D. 14.0) in the control group (p 〈 0.0001). Nine of 42 patients had elevated ACE activity (mean of the endemic controls ± 2 S.D.) compared with 1 of 39 controls (p = 0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of elevated ACE in serum from onchocerciasis patients from Sierra Leone was 21 and 97%, respectively. ACE activity was not related to the microfilarial skin load or development of side effects after ivermectin treatment. Serum ACE activity can be elevated in onchocerciasis. Clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon when determining serum ACE activity in persons from endemic areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164636
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HPLC analysis of tear proteins in giant papillary conjunctivitis (1989)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 72 (1989), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: giant papillary conjunctivitis ; high performance liquid chromatography ; tear protein ; lens deposits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC) is a well defined entity seen in patients with deposits on their lenses. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tear protein analysis was performed on 17 GPC patients and compared with healthy controls with and without contact lenses. The IgA levels are somewhat lower in GPC patients as compared with healthy controls not wearing lenses (P 〈 0.05). A similar decrease was also seen in the control group wearing contact lenses. We were not able to identify a specific HPLC tear protein profile in GPC patients as compared with controls. The HPLC profile therefore gives no explanation for the lens deposits and is not suitable as a diagnostic or prognostic tool.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153490
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk factors for ocular sarcoidosis (1989)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 72 (1989), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: conjunctival involvement ; lacrimal gland involvement ; ocular sarcoidosis ; racial aspects ; sarcoidosis ; uveitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed 121 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven sarcoidosis who visited the sarcoidosis clinic of the University Hospital in Amsterdam, to determine the risk factors for the development of ocular manifestations. Of 121 patients 52 (43%) were black. Ocular disease developed in 50 (41%) patients and was more common in female and in black patients. Uveitis was the most frequent manifestation of ocular sarcoidosis (29 out of 50 or 58%). There were no differences in the extra-ocular manifestations of the sarcoidosis between patients with and without ocular disease or between uveitis and non-uveitis patients. This study covered a mixed racial population and shows that different types of uveitis are seen in white and black patients. Anterior uveitis was more frequent in black patients (P 〈 .001), whereas posterior uveitis was more common in white patients (P 〈 .01). Chronic posterior uveitis with complications occurred most frequently in white female patients with late onset of the systemic disease. Uveitis was an early feature of sarcoidosis (25 out of 29 or 86%); moreover in 9 out of 29 (31%) cases, uveitis preceded the non-ocular detectable signs of sarcoidosis by more than one year. This emphasizes the importance of periodic re-evaluation of uveitis patients for sarcoidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153496
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory tests in uveitis (1990)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 75 (1990), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Aqueous humor ; toxoplasma ; cytomegalovirus ; varicella zoster virus ; herpes simplex virus ; uveitis ; diagnostic test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of local intraocular antibody production is a valuable tool with which to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis in uveitis. We have analysed paired serum and aqueous samples for the presence of specific antibodies against toxoplasma, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus. Of the patients retrospectively diagnosed as having toxoplasma chorioretinitis 75% had a positive antibody coefficient indicating specific antibody production in the eye. Local antibody production in the eye directed against CMV confirmed the suspected diagnosis of CMV retinitis in 50% of the AIDS patients investigated. So far we have not been able to demonstrate local antibody production against herpes simplex virus (26 samples tested). Two of three patients with acute retinal necrosis had a positive antibody coefficient against varicella zoster virus. Both of these patients had an even higher titer in the aqueous than in serum. Since the choice of therapy, in infectious uveitis, depends on the causative organisms, it is very important to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis by means of aqueous humor analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164835
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aqueous chamber taps in toxoplasmic chorioretinitis (1986)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 64 (1986), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: toxoplasmic chorioretinitis ; aqueous humour ; uveitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical value of the determination of toxoplasma antibodies in anterior chamber taps was evaluated in 12 posterior uveitis patients suspected of a toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, in four patients with Fuchs's heterochromia and in 31 cataract patients. The posterior uveitis patients all had marked inflammation of the vitreous obstructing the examination of the fundus of the time of aqueous humour aspiration. The clinical diagnosis toxoplasmic uveitis (n = 9) was made after the inflammation of the vitreous had subsided and fundus examination became possible again. Paired serum and aqueous samples were tested for total immunoglobulin levels and toxoplasma antibodies. Eight of the nine clinical toxoplasmic uveitis patients had detectable toxoplasma antibodies in their aqueous, whereas none of the other seven uveitis patients were positive. All of these eight toxoplasmic uveitis patients had a coefficient above 1.5. Of the 31 control patients only one had a positive antibody titer at a dilution of 1/2 with a corresponding coefficient of 1.1. This study shows that aqueous humour examination for toxoplasma antibodies is a valuable diagnostic tool in a selected group of posterior uveitis patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00166685
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamic acid (NAAGA) topical eyedrops in the treatment of Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC) (1993)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 85 (1993), S. 5-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis ; Contact Lens ; NAAGA ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis (GPC) is a conjunctival inflammatory condition associated with contact lens wear. The etiology is still unknown and no adequate treatment is found. Mastcell stabilizing drugs are useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes. The effect of 6% N-acetyl-aspartyl glutamic acid (NAAGA), a mastcell stabilizing agent, in a double-masked comparative trial with placebo in the treatment of GPC is reported. Seventeen patients with symptomatic GPC were treated over a four week period, eyes were randomized to receive NAAGA or placebo. A decrease in symptoms was found for both eyes. No significant difference of clinical symptoms and signs were observed between NAAGA or placebo treated eyes. These results suggest a wash effect of placebo in GPC. Tear C3a showed a increased level compared to normals but no statistically significance was observed in our study. The results of this study indicate that mastcell stabilization in GPC has little effect and treatment should be focused more on inflammatory mediators released because of mechanical stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01268095
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sjögren syndrome: comparative studies in local ocular and serum immunoglobulin concentrations with special reference to secretory IgA (1991)
    Springer
    International ophthalmology 15 (1991), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2630
    Keywords: immunoglobulins ; secretory-IgA ; Sjögren syndrome ; tears
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of the present study was to examine Secretory IgA in tears and serum of Sjögren patients (34 patients and 23 controls). The test was performed in a parallel study using a polyclonal and a monoclonal method (Inter-Assay variation 9.1/Intra-Assay variation 5.5). No differences in the levels of tear secretory IgA were found between patients and controls. In serum however, secretory IgA, total IgA, IgM and IgG showed a significant increase in the Sjögren patients. The fact that secretory IgA levels remain normal in the ocular mucosa of these patients may explain that, despite the autoimmune destruction of the lacrimal gland, humoral defense factors are normally present on the surface of the eye to combat infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153916
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secretory IgA and lysozyme in tears of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (1989)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 72 (1989), S. 329-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Graves' ophthalmopathy ; secretory IgA ; lysozyme ; ELISA ; spectrophotometry ; ratio ; NOSPECS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using an enzyme linked immuno-assay (ELISA) and spectrophotometry, we determined levels of secretory IgA and lysozyme in tears of 69 patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and 28 controls. The quantitative determination of secretory IgA and lysozyme in tears provided an impression of the functioning of the lacrimal gland in the two groups. An IgA/lysozyme ratio was calculated in both patients and controls as a parameter for the activity of the secretory IgA-producing plasma cells in the lacrimal gland. An increase in the IgA/ lysozyme ratio was observed in 23 patients (33%) and one control (3%). Half of the patients who had suffered from the disease for more than 5 years showed a raised IgA/lysozyme ratio. No correlation was found between the IgA/lysozyme ratio and the NOSPECS classification. Our findings suggest that the lacrimal gland is involved in the orbital condition produced by Graves' ophthalmopathy. In most cases the involvement occurs in patients with a long history of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00153500
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