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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in the growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains in aerobic chemostat cultures (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 24 (2000), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; aerobic; chemostat; growth kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultivations were conducted with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains NRRL Y132, ATCC 4126 and CBS 8066, using a complex medium. At low dilution rates all three strains utilised glucose oxidatively with high biomass yield coefficients, no ethanol production and very low steady-state residual glucose concentrations in the culture. Above a threshold dilution rate, respiro-fermentative (oxido-reductive) metabolism commenced, with simultaneous respiration and fermentation occurring, which is typical of Crabtree-positive yeasts. However, at high dilution rates the three strains responded differently. At high dilution rates S. cerevisiae CBS 8066 produced 7–8 g ethanol L−1 from 20 g glucose L−1 with concomitant low levels of residual glucose, which increased markedly only close to the wash-out dilution rate. By contrast, in the respiro-fermentative region both S. cerevisiae ATCC 4126 and NRRL Y132 produced much lower levels of ethanol (3–4 g L−1) than S. cerevisiae CBS 8066, concomitant with very high residual sugar concentrations, which was a significant deviation from Monod kinetics and appeared to be associated either with high growth rates or with a fermentative (or respiro-fermentative) metabolism. Supplementation of the cultures with inorganic or organic nutrients failed to improve ethanol production or glucose assimilation. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 24, 231–236.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900813
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amylase production by a Schwanniomyces occidentalis mutant in chemostat culture (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 37 (1992), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary In carbon-limited chemostat culture the cell yields of a Schwanniomyces occidentalis mutant increased slightly from 0.58 g cells·g-1 starch at a dilution rate of 0.05 h-1 to 0.64 at 0.2 h-1. The maintenance energy requirement was 0.012 g starch·g-1 cells·h-1 and the critical dilution rate was 0.22 h-1 at 30° C. Specific α-amylase activity decreased with an increase in dilution rate. The specific activities of gluco-amylase and debranching activity initially increased with an increase in dilution rate up to 0.1 h-1, followed by a decrease in activity at higher dilution rates. Greatly higher levels of amylase activity were obtained in chemostat cultures than in batch cultures. The maximum temperature where a steady state was reached was 37° C, but production of amylases decreased with an increase in temperature. Amylase production was very sensitive to the dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), exhibiting a dramatic decrease at DOT values below 40% saturation. The critical DOT for growth was 31% of air saturation. On subjecting the mutant to anoxic conditions, growth as well as amylase production was arrested, but these continued after aeration was resumed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178161
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport of xylose and glucose in the xylose-fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis (1988)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 27 (1988), S. 545-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A low-affinity and a high-affinity sylose proton symport operated simultaneously in both starved and non-starved cells of Pichia stipitis. Glucose competed with xylose for transport by the low-affinity system and inhibited xylose transport by the high-affinity system non-competitively. The low affinity system was subject to substrate inhibition when glucose but not when xylose was the substrate. The differences between the characteristics of monosaccharide transport by Pichia stipitis and its imperfect state, Candida shehatae, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451629
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of ethanol on growth rate and passive proton diffusion in yeasts (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 32 (1989), S. 90-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary When cell suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL-Y132 and Kluyveromyces marxianus IGC-2771 were incubated in the presence of different concentrations of ethanol, the final stable pH values (pH f ) reached in these suspensions increased with increasing ethanol concentration, indicating that ethanol enhanced passive proton diffusion into the cells. The plots of pH f as a function of ethanol concentration were linear but biphasic, displaying different slopes below and above the transition ethanol concentrations. When S. cerevisiae NRRL-Y132 and K. marxianus IGC-2771 were grown in the presence of different concentrations of ethanol, the specific growth rate (μ) similarly depended upon ethanol concentration in a linear, biphasic way. Plots of μ at each ethanol concentration against pH f reached in cell suspensions at that ethanol concentration were linear and monophasic for S. cerevisiae NRRL-Y132 but biphasic for K. marxianus IGC-2771. Ethanol inhibition of growth and enhancement of proton diffusion are therefore correlated in these yeasts. Whereas ethanol inhibition of growth and enhancement of transmembrane proton diffusion were affected to the same degree by ethanol below and above the transition ethanol concentration in S. cerevisiae NRRL-Y132, these two parameters of ethanol inhibition were affected to different degrees below and above the transition in K. marxianus IGC-2771 as indicated by the inflection point in the plot of μ vs pH f . Attempts to extent these findings to other yeasts showed that the correlation between the effects of ethanol on pH f and μ is not a universal phenomenon among yeasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164828
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of mixtures of acetic acid and D-xylose on the growth rate of Candida blankii (1991)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 13 (1991), S. 827-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The growth rate of the yeastCandida blankii in carbon-limited chemostat culture on a mixture of D-xylose and acetic acid as carbon sources was determined not only by the acetic acid concentration in the feed, but also by the ratio of xylose to acetic acid. The hypothesis is put forward that the inhibitory effect of acetic acid on the growth rate is determined, in part, by the specific rate of acetic acid metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026768
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability and bioactivity of gibberellic acid in different solvents (1993)
    Springer
    Biotechnology techniques 7 (1993), S. 391-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6784
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary HPLC chromatograms indicated that transformation of gibberellic acid (GA3) to the corresponding dicarboxylic acid via iso-GA3 occurred in weak alkaline solution. The bioactivity of this dicarboxylic acid was about 20% that of GA3 and above 0.3 M NaOH this compound appeared to decompose. Aqueous solutions of NaOH cannot, therefore, be used as solvent in bioassays of GA3 activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00152547
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting gibberellic acid production by Fusarium moniliforme in solid-state cultivation on starch (1994)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1994), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Fusarium moniliforme ; gibberellic acid ; maize flour ; solid state ; starch
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The production of gibberellic acid (GA3) by Fusarium moniliforme M-7121 in solid-state culture was evaluated in flask cultures as well as in 3-I horizontal rotary reactors. The highest production rate of GA3 was with 80% (w/v) maize flour mixed with wheat bran. The optimum initial moisture content was inversely dependent on the ambient relative humidity. The initial water activity range for optimal growth and GA3 accumulation was about 0.98 to 0.99, which is unusually high for a filamentous fungus. A low O2 concentration resulted in a much decreased GA3 yield and the appearance of a yellow to reddish pigmentation in the mycelium. The lag phase was short and rapid growth continued for up to 2 days in the rotary reactor, with a maximum specific growth rate of 0.12 h−1. The maximum rate of GA3 production occurred during the subsequent 3 to 10 days of incubation and the final GA3 concentration reached was 18.7 mg to 19.3 mg/g dry culture. The point of maximum GA3 accumulation after 10 to 12 days of incubation was usually marked by a sharp increase in pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357571
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein enrichment of grain sorghum by submerged culture of the amylolytic yeastsSchwanniomyces occidentalis andLipomyces kononenkoae (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 416-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Amylase ; Candida utilis ; grain sorghum ; Lipomyces kononenkoae ; protein ; Schwanniomyces occidentalis ; starch ; yeast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cultivation of aSchwanniomyces occidentalis derepressed mutant in a 10% (w/v) gelatinized grain sorghum slurry increased the crude protein content of the biomass from an initial value of 12% to 41% (dry) within 20 h, with no detectable residual starch. Co-cultivation ofCandida utilis with theS. occidentalis mutant improved the final crude protein content to 47% within 18 h, whereas a co-culture ofC. utilis with aLipomyces kononenkoae mutant resulted in a cultivation time of 50 h with a significantly lower protein content and a low final α-amylase activity. In a 15% (w/v) grain sorghum slurry aC. utilis/S. occidentalis co-culture increased the protein content to about 44% within 30 h. Yeast cultivation increased the lysine and threonine content of the final biomass considerably.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01198757
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport-limited sucrose utilization and neokestose production by Phaffia rhodozyma (1996)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 18 (1996), S. 975-980 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Growth of an astaxanthin hyper-producing strain of Phaffia rhodozyma on sucrose is accompanied by the accumulation of glucose and fructose in the medium due to the limited capacity of the corresponding monosaccharide transport system or systems. This is accompanied by the production of the trisaccharide neokestose by transglycosylation reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00154633
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of gamma-linolenic acid by Mucor circinelloides and Mucor rouxii with acetic acid as carbon substrate (1995)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 17 (1995), S. 933-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The production of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) by Mucor circinelloides CBS 203.28 and M. rouxii CBS 416.77 in fed-batch cultures operated in pH-stat mode with acetic acid as carbon substrate and titrant compared favourably with the performance of M. circinelloides in batch culture on glucose. On acetic acid M. circinelloides accumulated up to 39.8 mg GLA/g biomass, with a crude oil content of 28% containing 91% neutral lipids. The GLA content of the neutral lipid fraction was 15.6%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00127429
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