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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new technique on the formation of TiN film with large grain size from TiNx is described. The TiNx layer (defined in Sec. II A) was deposited by sputtering in argon and nitrogen. The nitrogen atoms in Ti matrix relaxed the mechanical stress of the deposited film and limited the surface mobility during the deposition process, resulting in a nanocrystalline structure with extremely uniform thickness. After rapid thermal annealing (RTA), the TiNx yielded a bilayer structure of TiN/TiSixOy, in which the TiN showed (111) preferred texture, extremely smooth surface, and large grain size without any columnar structure. In addition, the resistivity of the bilayered TiN was as low as 40 μΩ cm. In the TiN multilayered aluminum structure (i.e., TiN/Al/TiN), epitaxial continuity and the intermetallic compound such as TiAl3 were clearly observed at the aluminum/TiN interface. The multilayered structure showed better endurance against EM in comparison with the same structure using the conventional TiN (also defined in Sec. II A). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: platelet activating factor ; embryo ; implantation ; rabbits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Study Design Two-cell rabbit embryos were recovered from superovulated New Zealand White does and cultured in vitro for 96 hr. Every 24 hr embryos were scored for developmental stage and PAF activity from the corresponding culture medium was measured by platelet aggregation and organic phosphate analyses.
    Abstract: Results PAF was detected in culture medium at all stages from two cells to blastocysts and rose significantly (P 〈0.001) at each 24-hr interval, reaching maximal levels at the expanded blastocyst stage.
    Notes: Objective This study measured platelet activating factor (PAF) production by rabbit embryos in vitro and ascertained if there is increased PAF production associated with advancing embryonic development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: platelet activating factor ; spermatozoa ; subzonal insertion ; fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of spermatozoal platelet activating factor (PAF) treatment on fertilization rates employing subzonal sperm insertion in the rabbit. Study Design Oocytes (n=130) with distinct first polar bodies were injected with three to seven motile spermatozoa. Half (n=65) of the oocytes were injected with PAF-treated sperm, whereas the other half (n=65) served as controls and were injected with nontreated sperm. Fertilization rates were assessed by the formation of two pronuclei followed by cleavage to the two-cell stage. Results In the group of oocytes injected with PAF-treated sperm, we noted a significant (P〈0.001) improvement in fertilization rates, 61.5% (40/65), vs. control nontreated sperm, 20.0% (13/65). Subsequent cleavage to the two-cell stage was noted for 95% (38/40) in the treated vs 92.3% (12/13) in the nontreated fertilized zygotes. Conclusion We conclude that PAF treatment of rabbit spermatozoa prior to subzonal insertion improves fertilization rates and may be of clinical significance in assisted reproductive programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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