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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 40 (1975), S. 3784-3786 
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 960-965 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A MgO single crystal partly coated with a thin layer of Ag was irradiated with incident electrons while the time evolution of the surface potential and specimen current were recorded. A zero surface potential, Vs, is measured when the uncoated part of the specimen is irradiated, while the potential is very negative on the coated part for primary beam energies in the 2–5 keV range. The results invalidate the usual approach which uses a theoretical total yield curve for evaluating the sign of the surface potential as well as the use of an ohm law Vs = RIs for correlating the surface potential Vs and the specimen current Is. Explanations of the observed phenomena are suggested and their correlation with the secondary electron emission of insulators is indicated. One surprising result is the possibility of injecting (nonohmic) current densities of 1 mA/mm2 or greater into insulators having electrical resistivities of 1015 Ω cm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 6311-6313 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have employed extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis to study the compositional dependence of the atomic structure in Fe–Tb alloy films. Fourier transforms of EXAFS data, relative to both the Fe K and the Tb LIII absorption edges, provide information about the local atomic environments relative to each atom. Results indicate the Fe EXAFS data to be dominated by Fe–Fe correlations, and consists of contributions from two Fe atomic shells at radial distances near 2.47 and 2.66 A(ring) and a Tb shell near 2.91 A(ring). The coordination number of the Fe shells are measured to increase, while radial distances decrease, with increased Fe content. The Tb EXAFS data was found to have an atomic shells of Fe and Tb at 2.91 and 3.47 A(ring), respectively. Analysis suggests that the Fe shell is very disordered and is comprised of approximately 9.5 atoms while the Tb shell has ≈3 atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The evolution of magnetic properties and local atomic ordering during thermal annealing has been studied for amorphous Fe75Ni5B15Si5 thin films. Resistivity, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and Mössbauer effect (ME) measurements were taken on samples annealed at various temperatures ranging to film crystallization. The as-deposited samples are in a close-packed structure with little short-range order. Samples annealed above 200 °C show ordering of the boron shell, but no indication of long-range ordering. With the exception of the anisotropy and coercive fields, no change in the magnetic or microwave magnetic parameters is observed for these samples prior to crystallization. Samples annealed above 400 °C show indications of crystallization for all measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 4469-4469 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Compositionally modulated multilayer samples of Fe/Ni have been prepared in a dual-ion-beam sputtering system in which one beam is used to deposit the film and the other is directed at the substrate to increase the surface mobility of the arriving atoms. The multilayers had equal thicknesses of Fe and Ni, and wavelengths λ varying between 15 and 120 A(ring). The composition modulation was investigated by measuring the satellite intensities. The phases present have been studied by x-ray diffraction and extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure measurements. The x-ray investigations included Read photographs. The Ni layers have fcc structure. For λ=120 A(ring) the Fe layers primarily have the usual structure of Fe, namely bcc. For λ〈40 A(ring) the Fe layers have fcc structure. For λ=50 A(ring) the Fe layers are a mixture of fcc and bcc phases. The magnetic properties have been investigated by vibrating-sample-magnetometer measurements. For λ=35 A(ring), T=298 K, and the magnetic field parallel to the substrate, the coercive force is only a few gauss and, of more importance, the saturation magnetization is approximately the sum of the magnetization expected for bcc Fe and fcc Ni. For λ=35 A(ring), T=298 K, and the magnetic field perpendicular to the substrate, a field of 20 kOe is required to achieve saturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin-film specimens of amorphous Co74Fe6B15Si5 were subjected to heat-treatment procedures followed by room-temperature magnetic and structural characterization in an effort to quantitatively correlate magnetic property changes to local atomic structure. Fourier transforms of electron-yield extended x-ray-absorption fine structure spectra show second and higher atomic shell ordering about transition-metal ions to occur at Tann≈300 °C. This ordering evolves to a body-centered atomic structure with heat treatments at higher temperatures. Accompanying this structural evolution is an expansion of the nearest-neighbor distance, disruption of the spin-wave-resonance spectra, and general deterioration of the soft magnetic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 62 (1991), S. 982-985 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Small alignment errors of right-angle linkage monochromators typical to many x-ray absorption fine structure beamlines can cause significant errors in the energy calibrations. A 1° misalignment produces errors greater than 1 keV over the hard x-ray operating range of a typical monochromator. The energy error caused by such misalignments is analyzed and its mathematical form given. The error can be corrected by inverting the expression and the amount of misalignment determined by accurate energy measurements at a few points. The accuracy of the corrections is tested. The effects of this error on x-ray absorption fine structure data and their interpretation are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5248-5250 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the effect of Co(Cr) substitution on magnetic properties of as-deposited Fe–Hf–N films. 4πMs increases with increasing Co content (3–16 at. %) and decreases with increasing Cr content. The film Fe56Co16Hf10N18(at. %) shows excellent soft magnetic properties, with 4πMs∼16.8 kG, Hc∼0.25 Oe, and effective permeability ∼4200 at 100 MHz. In Fe71Cr3Hf9N17, the permeability is about 5200 at 100 MHz, while the values of 4πMs and Hc are ∼14.6 kG and 0.5 Oe, respectively. In order to estimate the magnetic anisotropy, the angular dependency of the resonance magnetic field and linewidth were observed by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) at 9.84 GHz. The Fe56Co16Hf10N18 film shows a single resonance peak, whereas the as-deposited Fe–Hf–N films shows weak secondary peaks. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3379-3380 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this report we consider the use of the program SHADOW for ray tracing different configurations of the PNC-CAT mircrofocus beamline. The emphasis is on the final design, which will include crystal and grazing incidence optics focusing onto the entrance of a long tapered glass capillary whose outlet diameter is of the order of one micron or less. The ray-tracing program has been especially valuable in comparing different configurations, determining the required stability of components, and optimizing the capillary profile. It has also been useful in evaluating the results of actual measurements on the throughput of long tapered capillaries fabricated of silica glass. Suggestions for improvements to SHADOW are given. We also present results of a compact pc-based capillary ray-tracing program for comparison. It allows us to use different profiles with minimal programming effort. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 6151-6156 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Perovskite La1−xCaxMnO3−δ thin films were deposited on MgO(001) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Effects of deposition conditions, such as laser fluence, substrate temperature, and oxygen pressure, on growth behaviors of the films were investigated over a wide range. Epitaxial La0.7Ca0.3MnO3−δ /MgO thin films were able to be grown in situ under conditions such as 1.5–2.1 J/cm2 laser fluence, 650–750 °C substrate temperature, and 100–300 mTorr oxygen pressure. The oxygen pressure during the deposition is found to be closely related to crystalline orientations of the films. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy measurements show that the epitaxial La1−xCaxMnO3−δ thin films have compositions similar to those of targets, demonstrating that pulsed laser deposition is a useful technique to get thin films with complicated chemical compositions. The magnetoresistance, −ΔR(6T)/R(0), of the La0.7Ca0.3MnO3−δ /MgO thin film was about −80%, which is smaller than the reported values (i.e., ∼−99.92%) of the La–Ca–Mn–O thin films on LaAlO3 substrates [S. Jin, T. H. Tiefel, M. McCormack, R. A. Fastnacht, R. Ramesh, and L. H. Chen, Science 264, 413 (1994)]. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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