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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue as related to anxiety and depression in a community-based sample of twins aged over 50 (1999)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 34 (1999), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Measures of fatigue, anxiety and depression were administered in self-report questionnaire format to a community-based sample of 2703 Australian twins aged over 50. Factor analysis indicated that a two-factor solution was appropriate and demonstrated a clear separation between fatigue-related items and questionnaire items relating to anxiety and depression. Highly congruent factor structures were derived for male and female subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050116
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic distress as a distinct psychological dimension (1999)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 34 (1999), S. 451-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Somatoform disorders such as neurasthenia and chronic fatigue are characterized by a combination of prolonged fatigue and disabling neuropsychological and neuromuscular symptoms. However, the debate concerning the theoretical underpinnings of somatic disorders resembles the perennial dispute over the taxonomy of anxiety and depression. The objective of this study is to analyse the dimensional structure of items measuring anxiety, depression, phobic anxiety, somatic distress, and insomnia. It is anticipated that somatic distress should emerge as empirically distinct from measures of anxiety and depression, thereby lending support to proponents of the construct as independent of both anxiety and depression symptomatology. Methods: A 33-item self-report symptom inventory derived from the SCL-90 and DSSI/sAD scales was used to measure recently experienced psychiatric distress in the form of depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, somatic distress, and insomnia. SCL and DSSI/sAD items were measured on a four-point distress scale from 1 `not-at-all' to 4 `unbearably'. The inventory was administered to a community-based sample of 3468 Australian twins between the ages of 18 and 28. Results: Factor analysis using Polychoric correlations and a Promax rotation criterion produced four factors: depression, phobic anxiety, somatic distress, and sleep disturbance. Conclusion: Results from the current factor analysis, together with the documented prevalence of somatic disorders, including evidence regarding the genetic and biological independence of somatic symptomatology, lend support to the argument that somatic symptoms, although correlated, are independent of anxiety and depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050219
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and Social Determinants of Initiation and Age at Onset of Smoking in Australian Twins (1999)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 395-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Smoking initiation ; age at onset ; multidimensional scaling ; genes ; environment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Retrospective data on age at onset of smoking, reported by 3810 adult Australian twin pairs, were analyzed to determine the role of genetic and environmental factors in the onset of smoking. Results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling supported a two-process model in which different etiologic factors determined which individuals were at risk of becoming smokers and the age at onset of smoking in those who were at risk. Parametric model-fitting confirmed this difference. For female twins and younger male twins (aged 30 years or less), the onset of smoking was strongly influenced by genetic factors, with shared and nonshared environmental effects having a more modest impact. For older male twins, shared environmental influences on onset of smoking were very important, and the influence of genetic predisposition was slight. The age at which smoking onset occurred, however, was influenced by both genetic and nonshared environmental effects, but not by shared environmental effects, in both sexes and both cohorts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021670703806
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement Models for Sexual Orientation in a Community Twin Sample (2000)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 30 (2000), S. 345-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Homosexuality ; sexual orientation ; heritability ; twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Multivariate structural equation modeling techniques have been applied to examine the causes of individual differences in responses to several items concerning sexual orientation. To minimize potential ascertainment and response biases, the study sample involved a large (N = 4901) community-based cohort of Australian twins aged 18–52 who answered an anonymous questionnaire on sexual behavior and attitudes. The statistical power of the analysis was increased by the availability of multiple measures of sexual orientation (behaviors, attitudes and feelings), providing stronger evidence for the existence of additive genetic influences on this phenotype than in a previous analysis (Bailey et al., 2000). Estimates of the heritability of homosexuality in this sample ranged between 50 and 60% in females but were significantly lower (heritability of approximately 30%) in males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026557719181
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study of the Genetic and Environmental Etiology of Stuttering in a Selected Twin Sample (2000)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 30 (2000), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Twins ; stuttering ; speech disorders ; bivariate analysis ; ascertainment bias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Stuttering is a developmental disorder of speech production that usually emerges in childhood. In this study, a large population-based twin sample from the Australian Twin Registry (1567 pairs and 634 singles aged 17–29 years) was screened to identify twin pairs in which one or both members reported themselves to be affected by stuttering. Telephone interview-based diagnoses were obtained for 457 of these individuals (self-reported affected cases, cotwins, and controls) to determine whether the self-report was correct. To correct for ascertainment bias we carried out a bivariate analysis of the final diagnosis in the selected sample with the screening item in the full sample, using the categorical raw data option of Mx 1.47c. After correcting for ascertainment bias, approximately 70% (95% confidence interval: 39–86%) of the variance in liability to stuttering was found to be attributable to additive genetic effects, with the remainder due to nonshared environmental effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002765620208
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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