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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 26 (1994), S. 1393-1401 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Keywords: DNA injection ; Gene expression ; Myocardium ; Troponin C
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 9 (1977), S. 34 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 20 (1988), S. 457-458 
    ISSN: 0022-2828
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 7 (1989), S. 45-52 
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Keywords: Coronary occlusion ; Free radicals ; Myocardial infarct size ; Oxygen free radicals ; Reperfusion
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Free Radical Biology and Medicine 4 (1988), S. 5-7 
    ISSN: 0891-5849
    Keywords: Coronary reperfusion ; Free radicals ; Myocardial infarction ; Myocardial ischemia ; Oxidants ; Oxygen radicals ; Reperfusion injury
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Basic research in cardiology 93 (1998), S. 122-126 
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Key words Rabbit heart – global ischemia – protein kinase C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our recent studies utilizing an in vivo regional ischemia model revealed no changes in the subcellular distribution of protein kinase C (PKC) in dog and rabbit hearts after repeated 5 min episodes of preconditioning ischemia/reperfusion. However, 10 min of sustained ischemia resulted in an increase in PKC activity in the membrane fraction. These findings indicate that prolonged ischemia may cause changes in the subcellular distribution of PKC. However, the detailed time course of these changes during sustained severe ischemia is poorly resolved. Thus, our objective was to study temporal changes in PKC distribution in the cytosolic, nuclear, and membrane fractions isolated from globally ischemic rabbit heart. Hearts were removed under deep anesthesia, placed into normal saline at 37°C, and repeatedly sampled from apex to base at baseline, 2, 5, and 10 min into global ischemia, with matched samples obtained in every heart. PKC activity was increased at 2 min into global ischemia in both the nuclear fraction (1069±75 vs 893±49 pmol/min/g at baseline; p=0.05) and the membrane fraction (1374±95 vs 1187±59 pmol/min/g at baseline; p〈0.05) with persistent translocation observed at 5 and 10 min into the protocol. Thus, direct biochemical determination of PKC activity in the isolated rabbit heart revealed increased activity in the nuclear and the membrane fractions as early as 2 min into global ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Key words Myocardial ischemia – myocardial infarction – signal transduction – second messengers – calcium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms responsible for infarct size reduction with preconditioning remain controversial. Our aim was to determine whether release of the second messenger inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) during the preconditioning stimulus may play a role. To test this concept, Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts underwent sham perfusion, 5 min of coronary artery occlusion (CO), or 5 min of CO+infusion of neomycin, an agent which inhibits formation of Ins(1,4,5)P3. Direct quantitation (by competitive binding assay) revealed a 2-fold increase in Ins(1,4,5)P3 content with brief ischemia vs shams (0.69±0.14 vs 0.34±0.05 pmol/mg tissue; p〈.05) that was blocked by neomycin (0.15±0.04 pmol/mg). Infarct size (by tetrazolium staining) was assessed in additional hearts that underwent 30 min of sustained CO and 2 h of reperfusion. As expected, two 5-min episodes of preconditioning ischemia reduced infarct size versus controls (30±6% versus 63±3% of the myocardium at risk; p〈.01). In contrast, infarct size was comparable (54–56% of the risk region) in neomycin-treated control and preconditioned hearts. These results demonstrate that myocardial Ins(1,4,5)P3 content is increased in response to brief preconditioning ischemia and are consistent with the concept that Ins(1,4,5)P3 may be a potential mediator of infarct size reduction with preconditioning in isolated rabbit heart.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: adenosine ; A1 receptor agonist ; GR79236 ; infarct size ; ischemia-reperfusion ; reperfusion injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adenosine A1 receptor agonists given prior to myocardial ischemia limit ischemic injury in several species. However, the ability of adenosine receptor agonists to limit infarct size when given at reperfusion has proved controversial. We designed a three-center experimental study using a blinded, randomized treatment protocol to test the hypothesis that adenosine A1 receptor activation during early reperfusion can attenuate lethal reperfusion injury, thereby reducing infarct size. Sixty anesthetized rabbits (20 in each laboratory) underwent 30 minutes coronary artery occlusion followed by 120 minutes reperfusion. The selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist GR79236 (10.5 μg/kg, a dose shown to limit infarction in this model when given before ischemia) or vehicle were administered IV 10 minutes before reperfusion. Infarct size was assessed by tetrazolium staining and, after the randomization code was revealed, data from the three laboratories were pooled for statistical analysis. Infarct size was not modified by administration of GR79236. In the vehicle-treated group, the infarct-to-risk ratio was 28.9 ± 2.7% (n = 24) compared with 31.9 ± 2.6% (n = 26) in the GR79236-treated group (not significant). Risk zone volume was similar in the two groups (1.06 ± 0.05 cm3 vs 1.00 ± 0.05 cm3, respectively). A modest reduction in rate-pressure product was noted following the administration of GR79236, but this effect was transient. The same dose of GR79236 was found to limit infarct size when given prior to coronary artery occlusion. We conclude that A1 receptor activation does not modify lethal reperfusion injury in myocardium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1803
    Keywords: Key words Echocardiography – ventricular function – myocardial infarction – rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives The efficacy of three different echocardiographic techniques to assess cardiac structures and function in the rat heart was studied. Background With increasing costs for large animal studies there is need for improved assessment of ventricular function in small animal models. Methods Transthoracic, transesophageal, or intracavitary echocardiography was performed in 138 rats using either a pediatric or an intravascular ultrasound transducer in control, infarcted, and obese rats. Left ventricular dimensions and wall thickness were measured. Results Transthoracic echocardiography allows qualitative and quantitative estimation of cardiac dimensions and ventricular function. End-diastolic and end-systolic diameters were 0.53±0.08 and 0.26±0.05 cm in controls, 0.63±0.08 and 0.41±0.07 cm in infarcted (p〈0.001 vs controls), and 0.66±0.1 and 0.21±0.07 cm in obese rats (p〈0.01 vs controls). Fractional shortening was 52±6% in controls, 36±5% in infarcted (p〈0.001), and 68±9% in obese rats (p〈0.001). Wall thickness was increased in obese rats. Transesophageal echocardiography allows a qualitative rather than quantitative assessment. Intracavitary ultrasound enabled visualization of the endocardium. Following coronary occlusion, fractional shortening and ejection fraction were decreased (30.8±4.5 vs 44.4±4.7%, p〈0.005, and 46.7±8.5 vs 63.4±5.4%, p〈0.005, respectively). Conclusions Transthoracic echocardiography is a non-invasive technique to sufficiently provide information about cardiac structures and function, while transesophageal echocardiography allows rather a qualitative estimation of the rat heart. Intracavitary ultrasound can be used to assess the endocardium, ventricular function, and dimensions in open-chest studies in rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 87 (1998), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Cardiomyocytes – cell transplantation ; Schlüsselwörter Kardiomyozyten – Zelltransplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cardiomyocytes lose the ability to proliferate after birth. Subsequently, irreversible cellular damage, e.g., during myocardial infarction, causes loss of functional properties and cell replacement by fibrotic tissue. It is, therefore, not surprising that cell replacement strategies such as cardiomyocyte transplantation in damaged myocardium or scar tissue has gained widespread interest. In other species such as mice, rats, and dogs, the technical feasibility of skeletal myoblast-, satellite cell-, and fetal cardiomyocyte engraftment into normal and diseased myocardium has been demonstrated by simple injection methods. Repeatedly, it has been shown that transplanted cells may survive for weeks within host myocardium and build intercellular connections such as grap junctions and desmosomes. In contrast, grafthost connections have not, as yet, been convincingly demonstrated. Hypothetically, cell transplants might exhibit the following functional properties: stabilization of diseased tissue to prevent structural remodeling; carrier for recombinant proteins, growth factors or drugs to induce molecular alterations of host myocardium; and improvement of regional and global myocardial function due to active contractility. However, clear evidence of coordinated contractility of transplanted cells, and, thus, of a clinically relevant therapeutical use of cardiomyocyte transplantation as a replacement strategy for damaged host cardiac cells, remains to be demonstrated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Kardiomyozyten können sich im Gegensatz zur quergestreiften Skelettmuskulatur nicht teilen und regenerieren, so daß ein irreversibles Zelltrauma automatisch irreversiblen Zell- und Funktionsverlust zur Folge hat. Im Falle eines Myokardinfarktes bedeutet dies Ersatz differenzierter Herzmuskulatur durch funktionsloses Bindegewebe mit Bildung einer Narbe. Ein theoretisch vielversprechender Therapieansatz ist die Transplantation fötaler oder genetisch manipulierter Kardiomyozyten in geschädigtes, dysfunktionierendes oder abgestorbenes Myokard.Durch Transplantation von Myoblasten, Skelettmuskel-Satellitenzellen und fötaler Kardiomyozyten ist die technische Durchführbarkeit einer zellulären Transplantation in syngene und xenogene Versuchstiere wie Maus, Ratte und Hund durch relativ einfache Injektionstechnik in gesundes und geschädigtes Myokard gezeigt worden. Histologisch-morphologische Studien zeigen, daß sowohl Myoblasten als auch fötale Kardiomyozyten myokardiale Transplantate mit interzellulären Konnektionen wie gap junctions und Desmosomen ausbilden und bis zu Beobachtungszeiträumen von 8 bis 10 Wochen überleben. Erfolgreich transplantierte und überlebende Zellen können theoretisch drei Funktionen ausüben: 1. eine Stabilitätsfunktion zur Verhinderung struktureller Umbauvorgänge, 2. eine Carrierfunktion zur lokalen Applikation rekombinanter Proteine und Wachstumsfaktoren, zum Beispiel zur Induktion molekularer Veränderungen des Empfängermyokards und 3. eine Unterstützung regionaler oder globaler Kontraktilität durch mit dem Empfängermyokard koordinierter Eigenkontraktionen. Inwieweit allerdings diese Funktionen und vor allem eine funktionelle Unterstützung des Myokards durch transplantierte Zellen möglich und therapeutisch anwendbar sind, ist zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt ungeklärt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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