Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deficient Sensorimotor Gating After 6-Hydroxydopamine Lesion of the Rat medial Prefrontal Cortex is Reversed by Haloperidol (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study sought to test the hypothesis that dopamine in the prefrontal cortex exerts an inhibitory influence on subcortical dopamine systems and that depletion of prefrontal dopamine may affect behaviour via an increase in dopamine release in the basal ganglia. We used prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response, i.e. the inhibition of the acoustic startle response by a preceding non-startling stimulus, as the behavioural test, because this phenomenon of sensorimotor gating is modified in opposite directions by dopamine in the prefrontal cortex and in the basal ganglia. Rats were tested for prepulse inhibition before and after injections of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine into the medial prefrontal cortex. We attempted to differentiate the contributions of prefrontal dopamine and noradrenaline by pretreating the animals with desipramine (6-OHDADMI rats) or bupropion (6-OHDABUP rats), selective inhibitors of noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake respectively. 6-Hydroxydopamine lesion reduced prefrontal dopamine by 90% and noradrenaline by 80% in 6-OHDADMI rats, while prefrontal dopamine was reduced by 54% and noradrenaline by 95% in 6-OHDABUP rats. The ability of an acoustic prepulse (75 dB, 10 kHz) to inhibit the response to a startle pulse (100 dB noise burst) was maintained in sham-lesioned rats and in 6-OHDABUP rats. However, there was a marked reduction of prepulse inhibition (by 26%) in the 6-OHDADMI rats. Systemic administration of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (0.05 mg/kg), which did not affect prepulse inhibition in sham-lesioned and in 6-OHDABUP rats, antagonized the lesion-induced deficit in prepulse inhibition in 6-OHDADMI rats. These results suggest that prefrontal dopamine is involved in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response. The haloperidol-induced antagonism of the deficit in prepulse inhibition observed in 6-OHDADMI rats is compatible with the view that prefrontal dopamine depletion led to overactivity of subcortical dopamine systems involved in prepulse inhibition, i.e. in the nucleus accumbens and/or anteromedial striatum. The significance of prefrontal noradrenaline depletion, which may have partially counteracted the effects of dopamine depletion on prepulse inhibition, is also discussed. Since prepulse inhibition is impaired in schizophrenics, the present findings lend support to the theory of prefrontal dopamine hypofunction in the aetiology of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00576.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticotropin-releasing Factor in the Caudal Pontine Reticular Nucleus Mediates the Expression of Fear-potentiated Startle in the Rat (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fear-potentiated startle paradigm is a valuable model for the investigation of the neuronal basis of fear. Previous studies have demonstrated that the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays an important role in fear-related processes, notably in the potentiation of the acoustic startle response. The present study investigated the role in fear-potentiated startle of CRF in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus, a brain nucleus that mediates the acoustic startle response. First, we showed that the central nucleus of the amygdala gives rise to a CRFergic projection to the caudal pontine reticular nucleus. In the second experiment, we iontophoretically applied CRF to caudal pontine reticular nucleus neurons and extracellularly recorded the activity of these neurons. CRF had a mainly excitatory effect on the tone-evoked activity of the neurons. In our third experiment, we injected the CRF antagonist α-helical CRF into the caudal pontine reticular nucleus of awake rats. Here, α-helical CRF dose-dependently blocked fear-potentiated startle, but had no effect on the baseline startle amplitude. The present results show that CRF-containing neurons which project from the central nucleus to the caudal pontine reticular nucleus are important for the enhancement of startle by fear, and further characterize the hypothetical neuronal circuitry underlying the expression of fear-potentiated startle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01400.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neonatal medial prefrontal cortex lesion enhances the sensitivity of the mesoaccumbal dopamine system (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia posit that early brain damage leads to dys- or misconnection effects possibly altering synaptic transmission in brain sites distal of the lesion. We tested the hypothesis that neonatal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) lesions affect the sensitivity of the mesoaccumbal dopamine (DA) system. Using extracellular single-unit recordings combined with systemic application of the DA agonist apomorphine, followed by the D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol or the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390, we compared electrophysiological properties of nucleus accumbens core and shell neurons after bilateral excitotoxic lesions of mPFC induced at postnatal day 7 or in adult rats. Whereas animals with adult mPFC lesions showed an altered discharge pattern within the core region, neonatal mPFC lesions altered the discharge pattern within the shell region. Subcutaneous administration of apomorphine (4 mg/kg) reduced accumbal firing rate in 77% of all neurons. Onset and magnitude of apomorphine-induced inhibition of neuronal activity was faster and stronger in rats with neonatal but not adult mPFC lesions in both core and shell regions. Apomorphine-induced inhibition was partially reversed by 0.1 mg/kg haloperidol only in core region of neonatal lesioned rats. Apomorphine-induced excitation of neuronal activity (in 21% of all neurons) was reversed by the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 (0.1 mg/kg) in all excited neurons. These data support the hypothesis that neonatal but not adult lesions of mPFC alter cortico-striatal networks and suggest that disturbance of mPFC development leads to neurodevelopmental changes in mesoaccumbal DA system during adulthood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03442.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic profiles of intraepithelial and invasive prostatic neoplasias: the key role of down-regulated apoptosis in tumor progression (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 413-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm ; Precancerous lesion ; Intraductal extension ; Cell kinetics ; DNA-ploidy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The cell kinetic of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is poorly understood. Herein we report the kinetic pattern of PIN, both not associated (primary) and associated (secondary) with coexistent invasive carcinoma (PCa). Surgical specimens collected in 20 cases of primary PIN, 20 of secondary PIN and 20 of PCa were studied by MIB-1 immunostaining, in situ end- labeling (ISEL) and DNA histogram analysis, and the cell density in each case was estimated using the formula N=(nπ/4)2. Fifty high-power fields (HPF), or the complete lesion if smaller, were screened in each lesion, and both mean and standard deviation were recorded. Statistical differences were studied by means of Fisher’s exact test. ISEL indices were significantly (P〈0.0001) lower in PCa (0.1±0.3) than in primary PIN (0.5±0.3), while the MIB-I indices were similar in both conditions (P=0.56). Statistically significant differences were also detected for both MIB-1 and ISEL indices when secondary PIN (MIB-1 1.9±0.7, ISEL 3.7±3.3) was compared with primary PIN (MIB-1 2.5±2.1, ISEL 0.5±0.3) and PCa (P〈0.0001). In terms of cellularity, primary PIN (26.3±7.1) revealed scores significantly lower (P〈0.0001) than those recorded in PCa (39.0±8.8) and secondary PIN (32.9±14.3). In conclusion, early prostatic tumor is mainly defined by down-regulated apoptosis rather than by increased proliferation. Secondary PIN displays unique kinetic features suggesting an evolved stage of primary PIN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050468
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of evidence for involvement of known human retroviruses in multiple sclerosis (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 322 (1986), S. 177-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have used the cell-based immunoperoxidase (IP) method, which we developed and found to be a highly sensitive test3 for antibodies to the AIDS virus and to ATLV/HTLV-I. In both tests, virus-infected cells which produce large quantities of the viral antigen were used. Each sample was tested in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322177a0
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AIDS predictions (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 328 (1987), S. 767-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR—In criticizing our work, May and Anderson1 not only refer to its presentation at the WHO meeting on the containment of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) in Geneva when they mean the WHO meeting in Graz2 but they also mistakenly characterize our work24 as an exercise in curve ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/328767a0
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sexual Abuse in Children (1980)
    Roslyn Heights, N.Y. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Adolescence. 15:59 (1980:Fall) 643 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-8449
    Topics: Education , Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:c010-1980-015-59-000015
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Civilian Psychiatric Evaluations for Young Men Facing the Draft (1975)
    Roslyn Heights, N.Y. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Adolescence. 10:37 (1975:Spring) 75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-8449
    Topics: Education , Psychology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:c010-1975-010-37-000009
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus are involved in the mediation of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response in the rat (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 97 (1993), S. 71-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Acetylcholine ; Acoustic startle response ; Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus ; pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part ; Prepulse inhibition ; Schizophrenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The amplitude of the acoustic startle response (ASR) is markedly reduced when the startle eliciting pulse is preceded by a weak, non-startling stimulus at an appropriate lead time, usually about 100 ms. This phenomenon is termed prepulse inhibition (PPI) and has received considerable attention in recent years as a model of sensorimotor gating. We report here on experiments which were undertaken in order to investigate some of the neural mechanisms of PPI. We focused on the characterization of the cholinergic innervation of the pontine reticular nucleus, caudal part (PnC), an obligatory relay station in the primary startle pathway. The combination of retrograde tracing with choline acetyltransferase-immunocytochemistry revealed a cholinergic projection from the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) to the PnC. Extracellular recording from single PnC units, combined with microiontophoretic application of the acetylcholine (ACh) agonists acetyl-β-methylcholine (AMCH) and carbachol revealed that ACh inhibits the majority of acoustically responsive PnC neurons. Neurotoxic lesions of the cholinergic neurons of the PPTg significantly reduced PPI without affecting the ASR amplitude in the absence of prepulses. No effect on long-term habituation of the ASR was observed. The present data indicate that the pathway mediating PPI impinges upon the primary acoustic startle circuit through an inhibitory cholinergic projection from the PPTg to the PnC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228818
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of the acoustic startle response by stimulation of an excitatory pathway from the central amygdala/basal nucleus of Meynert to the pontine reticular formation (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 93 (1993), S. 231-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Acoustic startle response ; Amygdala ; Basal ; nucleus of Meynert ; Pontine reticular formation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The acoustic startle response (ASR) is a simple motor reaction to intense and sudden acoustic stimuli. The neural pathway underlying the ASR in rats is already fairly well understood. As the ASR is subject to a variety of modulations, this reaction can serve as a model for vertebrate neuroethologists to investigate the neural mechanisms mediating sensorimotor transfer and their extrinsic modulation. We report here on experiments in rats which were undertaken in order to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the enhancement of the ASR. An increased amplitude of the ASR can be observed during states of conditioned and unconditioned fear. By employing neuroanatomical tract tracing methods, we describe a pathway from neurons of the medial division of the central amygdaloid nucleus (cA) and the basal nucleus of Meynert (B) to the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC), an important relay station in the acoustic startle pathway. Extracellular recordings from acoustically responsive neurons in the PnC showed that electrical stimulation of the cA/B facilitates the tone evoked response of these neurons. Behavioural tests following chemical stimulation of the cA/B with NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) in awake rats indicated that activation of this pathway increases the ASR. The lack of sufficient spatial resolution of our stimulation techniques did not allow us to differentiate the relative contributions of the cA and the B to this effect. As the amygdaloid complex has been implicated in emotional behaviour, particularly in the mediation of fear, these findings substantiate the concept that the amygdaloid complex plays a key role for the enhancement of the ASR by conditioned and unconditioned fear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228390
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...