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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S-100 protein concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 244 (1997), S. 566-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Protein S-100 ; CSF ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We evaluated S-100 levels in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples in a group of 135 patients referred to the German Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) surveillance unit from June 1993 to May 1995. The patients were seen in a prospective case control study. The diagnosis of probable CJD during life was made in any patient presenting with rapidly progressive dementia of less than 2 years’ duration, typical periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWCs) in the EEG and at least two of the following findings: myoclonus, visual/or cerebellar symptoms, pyramidal and/or extrapyramidal signs and/or akinetic mutism. Patients presenting with the above clinical signs and symptoms but without PSWCs were classified as possible, while those with a dementia of a duration exceeding 2 years and without PSWCs were classified as other. S-100 was determined in paired CSF and serum samples by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In a group of 76 patients with definite and probable CJD, S-100 concentration (median 25 ng/ml, range 2–117) in CSF was significantly higher (P 〈 0.0001) than in 32 patients diagnosed as other (median 4 ng/ml, range 1–19). Serum levels of S-100 were below 0.5 ng/ml in all groups. At a cut-off of 8 ng/ml an optimum sensitivity of 84.2% with a specificity of 90.6% for the diagnosis of CJD by the determination of S-100 in CSF is obtained. S-100 levels exceeding 8 ng/ml in CSF support the diagnosis of CJD in any patient presenting with rapidly progressive dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004150050145
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusionsgewichtetes MRT bei Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Patienten (2000)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit ; Diagnostik ; Diffussionswichtung ; MRT ; Bildgebung ; Übertragbare spongiforme Enzephalopathien ; Key words Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Diagnosis ; Diffusion-weighted image ; MRI ; Brain images ; Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Today the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is proven only postmortem or by evidence of neuropathology. During the patient's lifetime EEG recordings or cerebrospinal fluid analysis may support the diagnosis. In most cases, T2-MRI scans show hyperintensities of the basal ganglia. A new imaging technique called diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) has recently been established. The sensitivity of DWI was evaluated in five patients suspected of CJD. All five cases showed hyperintense signal changes in the basal ganglia on DWI sequences. These findings were more pronounced in DWI than in T2, FLAIR, or PD-weighted images. Thus, DWI seems to be the most sensitive sequence for detecting changes in patients with suspected CJD. Moreover, its short scanning time ensures that fewer artifacts occur, especially in the case of myoclonus.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die sichere Diagnose der Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit kann nur bioptisch oder autoptisch durch Untersuchung von Hirngewebe gestellt werden. Die klinische Verdachtsdiagnose erhärten können technische und laborchemische Untersuchungen; hierzu gehört neben dem EEG die Surrogatmarkerbestimmung im Liquor. Nachdem sich bei der Mehrzahl der Patienten Veränderungen der Basalganglien gezeigt haben, gehört das MRT zu den bildgebenden Verfahren, die bei Verdacht auf CJD eingesetzt werden können. Inzwischen ist die Diffusionswichtung (DWI) in die neuroradiologische Diagnostik eingeführt worden. DWI-gewichtete MRTs bei 5 CJD-Patienten wurden von uns untersucht. Alle 5 Fälle zeigten im DWI-MRT signalintense Veränderungen der Stammganglien. Diese Veränderungen waren jeweils deutlicher als in der T2, Flair- oder Protonenwichtung. Das DWI-MRT halten wir für sensitiver zum Nachweis kortikaler und basaler Veränderungen bei CJD-Patienten im Vergleich zu Standardsequenzen. Durch die kurze Untersuchungszeit können besonders bei den häufig vorhandenen Myoklonien andere Wichtungen aufgrund von Bewegungsartefakten oftmals nicht in der gewünschten Qualität durchgeführt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150070001
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of evidence for involvement of known human retroviruses in multiple sclerosis (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 322 (1986), S. 177-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have used the cell-based immunoperoxidase (IP) method, which we developed and found to be a highly sensitive test3 for antibodies to the AIDS virus and to ATLV/HTLV-I. In both tests, virus-infected cells which produce large quantities of the viral antigen were used. Each sample was tested in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/322177a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erfassung von neurologisch relevanten Labordaten mit einem kombinierten Klartext-Markierungsbeleg (1974)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 206 (1974), S. 243-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Optical-mark-reader-documentation-system ; Laboratory data in neurology ; Data-processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Als Dokumentationsmethode für neurologisch relevante Labordaten wird ein kombinierter Klartext-Markierungsbelegsatz (Bogen A, B, C) vorgestellt. Hierbei werden die numerischen Daten der Laborergebnisse im Klartext auf dem ersten Bogen notiert und schreiben durch auf Zweitbogen B und den Markierungsbeleg C. Beim Vorgang der Datenerhebung sind verschiedene Personen an verschiedenen Arbeitsplätzen beteiligt: Krankenschwester und Arzt auf Station und in der Poliklinik, technisches Personal an verschiedenen Stellen im Labor und der Dokumentationsassistent, der die Übertragung der Klartextergebnisse auf Markierungen vornimmt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird der Markierungsbeleg selbst fachgerecht bearbeitet, was die Fehlerrate deutlich senkt. Durch die Anwendung der gleichen Methode für Datenerfassung und -auswertung von klinischen und Laborergebnissen werden die Krankengeschichten übersichtlicher, und die Bearbeitung wissenschaftlicher Probleme wird vereinfacht. für die Neurologie ergeben sich aus dem beschriebenen System folgende Möglichkeiten der Bearbeitung von Fragestellungen: 1. Korrelation zwischen Liquorbefunden und bestimmten Diagnosen. 2. Typische Liquorkonstellationen und Liquor-Serum-Quotienten. 3. Synoptische Zusammenfassung des klinischen Verlaufs und der Laborbefunde.
    Notes: Summary The method adopted for the registration of laboratory data relevant in neurology is a combination of a non-computerized form with an optical mark reader documentation system. The numerical data are recorded on the first page A and appear on the page B copy and the mark reader sheet C. Several persons at different places are involved in the process of data acquisition: nurse and doctor on the ward or in the outpatient department, technical personnel in different places of the laboratory, a secretary in the record-room, where the final documentation is done. Thus the optical mark reader sheet is handled by trained personnel which reduces the error rate. A similar documentation method and a combined storage, retrieval and analysis of clinical and laboratory information will facilitate hospital record keeping and enable clinical research data processing. Some of the interesting fields of research are: 1. correlation between csf-findings and certain diagnoses. 2. Typology of csf-patterns and csf-serum ratios. 3. Synoptical view of the clinical course and the laboratory data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316538
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HLA-antigens and the prognosis of multiple sclerosis (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 225 (1981), S. 219-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis ; Prognosis ; HLA-antigens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 160 Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose aus dem epidemiologischen Areal Südniedersachsens wurden die HLA-Muster bestimmt und die Beziehung zur Prognose untersucht. Als einziger Unterschied zwischen MS-Patienten und normalen Kontrollen ergab sich ein häufigeres Vorkommen von HLA-DW2 in der MS-Gruppe (44% im Vergleich zu 21%). Der Progressions-index (Behinderungsgrad dividiert durch Erkrankungsdauer) war vergleichbar für DW2-positive und DW2-negative Patienten. Wir konnten somit die ungünstigere Prognose, die DW2-positive Patienten nach der Literatur haben sollen (Jersild et al. 1973; Raun et al. 1980), nicht bestätigen, obwohl wir methodisch ebenso vorgegangen sind wie die letztgenannten Autoren.
    Notes: Summary The histocompatibility pattern of 160 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) living in the epidemiological area of Southern Lower Saxony was determined and compared to a control population. The only significant difference was the more frequent occurrence of DW2 in the patient group (44% vs. 21%). Taking a progression index (grade of disability divided by the duration of the disease) as a measure for prognosis no difference could be found between the DW2 positive and the DW2 negative patients. The reason why we could not confirm the worse prognosis for DW2 positive patients found by Jersild et al. (1973) and Raun et al. (1980) remains to be investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313751
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indikationen zur stereotaktischen Operation bei Patienten mit multipler Sklerose (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 210 (1975), S. 239-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Tremor ; Stereotaxic neurosurgery, ataxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An Hand der Literatur und eigener Untersuchungen wurden Kriterien für die Indikation zur stereotaktischen Operation bei MS-Patienten erarbeitet: 1. Schwerer Tremor und Hyperkinesen sollten im Krankheitsbild dominieren. 2. Bei Beseitigung dieser Bewegungsstörungen muß eine wesentliche Besserung der Gesamtfunktion erwartet werden können. 3. Patienten mit schweren Formen der MS profitieren wenig von der Operation, die Erfolge sind besser bei langem und eher gutartigem Krankheitsverlauf.
    Notes: Summary The long-term results of 12 stereotaxic operations on 11 multiple sclerosis patients with incapacitating intention tremor were evaluated and compared with the experiences of other authors. The selection of the patients, the criteria applied for the success and the length of the follow-up period influenced the reported results. Considering not only the relief of the intention tremor but the overall performance after the operation only a certain group of patients seemed to profit by neurosurgical treatment. Applying this criterion of overall performance and evaluation only 3 out of 11 patients in our series had real benefit from the operation. The reasons for this small number of good or moderate results are given with brief discussion of some of the cases. History, course and fatal outcome of one patient are presented in detail together with the neuropathological findings. According to the literature and the limited number of our own cases the following indications for stereotaxic operations on MS patients can be established: 1. Tremor and hyperkinetic movements should be the dominant features of the symptomatology. 2. The overall performance should be essentially improved by the operation. 3. Patients in the terminal stage of the disease gain little from the procedure, whereas patients with longstanding more benign course are the best candidates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316526
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No evidence of Borna disease virus-specific antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients in Germany (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 243 (1996), S. 660-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00878664
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