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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N200 in the flanker task as a neurobehavioral tool for investigating executive control (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Event-related potentials were recorded in a flanker task using arrowheads pointing to the left or to the right as targets and as congruent or incongruent flanker stimuli using squares as neutral flanker stimuli. The onset of the flanker stimuli preceded that of the target stimuli byt 100 ms. Lateralized readiness potentials showed response activation below execution threshold in correspondence to the information conveyed by the flanker stimuli. Exclusively, the incongruent flanker condition provoked a N2c, which evolved closely synchronized to the erroneous response. Graded response analyses separating incongruent trials with weak, medium, and strong incorrect response activation revealed that the N2c amplitude covaried with the magnitude of the erroneous response. The N2c in the incongruent compatibility condition of the flanker task thus corresponds to the avoidance of inappropriate responses, possibly reflecting the inhibition of automatically but erroneously primed responses. The results are compatible with studies of error correction, suggesting that efference monitoring is a constituent of executive control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb00425.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain mechanisms of visual encoding and working memory in psychometrically identified schizotypal individuals and after acute administration of haloperidol (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 39 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: A probabilistic association task that manipulated the necessity to temporarily store information was combined with the recording of event-related potentials. In Experiment 1, scores obtained from a positive schizotypy scale were used to categorize participants as either low or high schizotypal individuals. Low, but not high, schizotypal individuals displayed evidence for selective associative learning in the working memory dependent (“trace”) version of the task. The amplitudes of the occipito-temporal N150 were attenuated in high schizotypal individuals. In Experiment 2, the intravenous administration of a single dose of haloperidol (0.04 mg/kg), but not of a placebo, strengthened the selectivity of associative learning in the trace version of the task. The amplitudes of the occipito-temporal N150 were augmented by haloperidol. Psychometrically identified schizotypal individuals and normal individuals under mild stress demonstrated defective prioritization of information in working memory and deficient visual encoding. These neurocognitive effects of schizotypy and stress seem to be mediated by the D2 family of dopamine receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3940459
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Slow potentials, event-related potentials, “gamma-band” activity, and motor responses during aversive conditioning in humans (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 112 (1996), S. 298-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Pavlovian conditioning ; Slow potentials ; Event-related potentials ; Gamma-band activity ; Skin conductance ; Motor conditioning ; Cholinergic modulation ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined slow potentials, transient event-related potentials, and oscillatory-like responses in the electroencephalogram during aversive conditioning in humans, in order to determine what is happening in the neocortex when behavioral adaptations are learned. Pictures of an angry and a happy human face served as rein-forced (CS+) and unreinforced (CS-) conditioned stimu li, respectively, in one group, and either the reversed condition or two discriminably different neutral faces in two other groups (total n=48 subjects). The unconditioned stimulus (US) was intracutaneous shock delivered to the left hand 5 s after CS+ onset. The electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded from Fz, Cz, Pz, C3, and C4, electromyographic (EMG) activity from bilateral forearm and corrugator muscles, and skin conductance from the right hand. During acquisition a negative slow potential developed after CS+ (not CS-), which was more pronounced when a neutral face served as CS+. Early (iCNV, initial contingent negative variation) and late (tCNV, terminal contingent negative variation) components of the slow-potential response were positively related to the magnitude of conditioned EMG responses. Differentiation of tCNV was larger when neutral faces signaled the US; iCNV persisted during extinction when a happy face served as CS+. Late-occurring event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by the US diminished over conditioning, whereas short-latency US components and ERPs elicited by CS events did not. Fourier analysis revealed oscillatory (“gamma-band”) activity between 30 and 40 Hz, which persisted up to 3 s after US delivery and diminished as conditioning progressed. Our findings indicate that learning is expressed in neocortical structures at the earliest stages of conditioning. The functional roles of the three types of EEG response in learning are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227648
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady-State Movement-Related Potentials Evoked by Fast Repetitive Movements (2000)
    Springer
    Brain topography 13 (2000), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Keywords: movement-related cortical potentials ; post-MP100 ; post-MP300 ; source localisation ; steady state ; evoked potential
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated steady-state movement-related cortical potentials elicited by fast repetitive movements (1/sec@rpar; with 50-channel EEG. The experimental design comprised a comparison @lpar;a@rpar; between unilateral movements of the digits and the toes and (b) between metronome-paced and self-paced initiation of the movements. A distinct biphasic pattern of electrical activity following movement onset was observed, namely a frontal negative peak at a latency of 90 ms (post-MP100) and a frontal positive peak at a latency of 310 ms )post-MP300(. Pacing exerted its effects mainly on the amplitude and on the latency of the post-MP300. Source analysis revealed that both peaks could be modelled by a single source. The source locations were highly reproducible across the metronome-paced and self-paced conditions, and, they followed the expected somatotopic organisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007830118227
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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