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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Skoliose • Kyphose • Neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen • Klassifizierung • Operationsindikation • Operationstechnik ; Keywords Scoliosis • Kyphosis • Neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen • Classification • Operative indication • Surgical procedure.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Spine deformities are a frequent symptom of neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen. Especially NF1 shows next to numerous alterations in the skeleton in some cases massive scoliosis and kyphosis. There are different theories for the development of the spine deformities, one of them is that specific alterations of the vertebra are caused by an elevated intraspinal pressure on the osteoporotic bone. A classification from a clinical point of view discriminates 3 types of severity. Type 1 shows instead of the in x-rays inconspicuous findings neurofibromatosistypical alterations in other diagnostic procedures (e. g. MRI). Extreme variations like short curved scoliokyphosis with massive destruction and severe spine imbalance are described as type 3. Operative treatment is dependent on the severity of the deformity. Intraspinal tumors have to be removed. Because of the elevated neurological risk the proceeding has to be very careful, sometimes there is a temporary Halo-extension necessary. Anterior substance defects are filled with bone or cages. The posterior instrumentation (in most of the cases a 2-rod-stabilization) is performed by transpedicular screws. Frequently there is a concave chest wall plastic (CTP) indicated. To prevent neurological complications early surgical procedure is sometimes necessary. Complications can be reduced by careful proceeding, exact preoperative diagnostic and classification. But next to operative experience a qualified anaesthesiological and intensive care units are absolutely necessary.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Wirbelsäulenverkrümmungen sind ein häufiges Symptom der Neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen. Insbesondere bei der NF1 werden neben zahlreichen anderen beschriebenen Veränderungen des Skelettsystems zum Teil massive Skoliosen und Kyphosen gesehen. Zur Entstehung der Wirbelsäulenveränderung existieren unterschiedliche Theorien, u. a. werden die spezifischen Wirbelkörperveränderungen durch einen erhöhten „intraspinalen Druck“ auf den osteoporotischen Knochen erklärt. Eine an praktischen Gesichtspunkten orientierte Einteilung unterscheidet 3 Schweregrade, wobei bei Grad I trotz der nativ röntgenologisch unauffälligen Befunde in den weiteren bildgebenden Verfahren (z. B. NMR) die neurofibromatose-typischen Veränderungen gesehen werden. Mit Grad 3 werden die extremen Ausprägungen im Sinne von kurzbogigen Skoliokyphosen mit massiver Destruktion und schwerster Wirbelsäulenimbalance beschrieben. Die operative Behandlung richtet sich nach dem Schweregrad bzw. Ausmaß der Deformierung. Liegen intraspinale Tumore vor, müssen diese entfernt werden. Wegen des erhöhten neurologischen Risikos ist eine möglichst schonende Vorgehensweise erforderlich, welche mitunter auch die passagere Halo-Extension notwendig macht. Zum Ausgleich ventraler Substanzdefekte kommen Eigenknochen oder Cages zur Anwendung. Die dorsale Verankerung der in der Regel Doppelstabinstrumentation sollte über transpedikuläre Schrauben erfolgen. Oftmals ist hierzu ein Ablösen der konkavseitigen dysplastischen Rippen im Sinne der Costothoracoplastik (CTP) notwendig. Auch zur Vermeidung neurologischer Komplikationen ist bei Skoliokyphosen aufgrund einer Neurofibromatose häufig ein frühzeitiges operatives Vorgehen angezeigt. Bei entsprechend behutsamer Vorgehensweise, exakter präoperativer Abklärung und Klassifikation können spezifische Komplikationsmöglichkeiten beherrscht werden. Neben entsprechender operativer Erfahrung ist aber auch, insbesondere aufgrund der zum Teil massiv erhöhten Blutungsneigung, eine kompetente anästhesiologische und intensiv-medizinische Betreuung nach wie vor unabdingbar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus ; low density lipoprotein ; lipoprotein binding ; lipoprotein degradation ; fibroblast, macrophage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies in vitro have shown that glycosylation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) will decrease its ability to bind to its receptor. We have evaluated the possibility that such an event might occur in vivo in diabetes by comparing the binding and degradation by normal fibroblasts and mouse peritoneal macrophages of LDL obtained from normal control subjects and patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. When compared with control subjects, Type 2 diabetic patients had elevated fasting glucose (increased by 160%), haemoglobin A1c (increased by 75%), triglyceride (increased by 550%), and cholesterol (increased by 48%) levels. LDL from Type 2 diabetic patients displayed populations of particles with more heterogeneous hydrated densities than LDL from control subjects, with enrichment in the triglyceride content of the lighter population. 125I-LDL from normal and Type 2 diabetic subjects bound to fibroblasts with similar binding affinities and binding capacities. The kinetics of degradation of LDL from normal and Type 2 diabetic subjects by fibroblasts were also similar. Furthermore, all populations of LDL particles from Type 2 diabetic patients were bound and degraded by normal fibroblasts in identical fashions. In addition, 125I-LDL from normal and Type 2 diabetic subjects were not bound or degraded by mouse peritoneal macrophages. It is concluded that the LDL of patients with Type 2 diabetes with moderate hyperglycaemia are not modified sufficiently to alter their normal binding and degradation by human fibroblasts or to cause their uptake by mouse peritoneal macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Adipocytes ; acipimox ; lipolysis ; cyclic AMP ; cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase ; hormone-sensitive lipase ; enzyme translocation ; insulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acipimox is commonly used to treat hyper-triglyceridaemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, but its precise mechanism of action has yet to be elucidated. We examined the in vitro effects of acipimox on the lipolytic regulatory cascade in epididymal adipocytes isolated from Wistar rats. Acipimox inhibited the lipolytic rate stimulated by adenosine deaminase (1 U/ml) in a concentration-dependent manner, reaching a near-basal value at 10 Μmol/l acipimox. Lipolysis activated by sub-maximal levels of isoproterenol in combination with adenosine deaminase (20 mU/ml) was significantly (p〈0.05) decreased by 100 Μmol/l acipimox, whereas, in the absence of adenosine deaminase, 100 Μmol/l acipimox showed no significant (p〉0.05) inhibition. These findings suggested that the anti-lipolytic mechanism regulated by adenosine may also be regulated by acipimox. Acipimox diminished the intracellular cyclic AMP level produced by 25 nmol/l isoproterenol in the presence of adenosine deaminase (20 mU/ml) in a concentration-dependent manner. At the same level of stimulation, acipimox inhibited the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity ratio and lipolytic rate over the same concentration range, with significant (p〈0.05) reductions occurring at and above, 0.5 Μmol/l and 10 Μmol/l acipimox, respectively. Western blotting showed that upon lipolytic stimulation (1 U/ml adenosine deaminase; 100 nmol/l isoproterenol) a threefold increase in the lipolytic rate was accompanied by a significant (p〈0.05) rise in hormone-sensitive lipase associated with the lipid fraction. Acipimox (1 mmol/l) and insulin (1 nmol/l) re-distributed hormone-sensitive lipase back to the cytosol, with a corresponding significant (p〈0.05) loss from the fat cake fraction of adipocyte homogenates. In conclusion, the anti-lipolytic action of acipimox is mediated through suppression of intracellular cyclic AMP levels, with the subsequent decrease in cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity, leading to the reduced association of hormone-sensitive lipase with triacylglycerol substrate in the lipid droplet of adipocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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