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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of IL-1β gene expression in human peripheral blood PMN (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 26 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01654.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Despite large-scale T cell activation, only a minor subset of T cells responding in vitro to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans differentiate into effector T cells (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of periodontal research 35 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has a potent T cell stimulatory effect, activating more than half of all T cells. However, since the fate of these activated T cells was not known, the present study sought to determine whether all of these T cells differentiate into effector cells. To that end, the intracellular expression of T cell cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10) in response to A. actinomycetemcomitans was determined by flow cytometry. Results demonstrated a time-dependent increase in the expression of the cytokines, most reaching peak levels at 24–48 h. At 48 h, the proportion of T cells expressing each of the cytokines were as follows: IL-2 (1.7%±0.3), IFN-γ(1.8%±0.5), IL-4 (1.0%±0.2) and IL-10 (1.5%±0.5). These data indicated that only 2–5% of all T cells stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans expressed any T cell cytokines. The finding of large-scale T cell activation in the absence of cytokine expression suggests that the activation of T cells in response to A. actinomycetemcomitans is incomplete. To investigate this phenomenon, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured with A. actinomycetemcomitans for 24 h followed by sorting of the activated (CD69+) cells by immunomagnetic separation and restimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin. Results demonstrated that nearly 90% of the T cells were unresponsive to further restimulation. A possible explanation for this unresponsiveness is the induction of clonal anergy among the responding T cells. To determine possible preferential effects of the stimulation on specific cytokines, the expression of each cytokine among T cells responding to A. actinomycetemcomitans was compared to the maximum levels achieved by PMA+ionomycin stimulation. Results showed that number of IL-2+ and IFN-γ+ T cells observed in response to A. actinomycetemcomitans were between 2% and 7% of those seen in response to PMA+ionomycin. Conversely, the proportions of T cells expressing IL-4 or IL-10 were between 35% and 90% of those following stimulation with PMA+ionomycin. Hence, A. actinomycetemcomitans appears to more preferentially induce T cells
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2000.035003127.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ detection of tissue factor in vascular endothelial cells: Correlation with the malignant phenotype of human breast disease (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 2 (1996), S. 209-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Expression of tissue factor (TF) in the endothelium has been observed only rarely in human disease and has been thought to be elaborated on the surface of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vitro as an artifact of tissue culture. Using monoclonal antibodies and a novel probe for functional TF, we ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0296-209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reply to “Tissue factor expression in normal and abnormal mammary gland” (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 2 (1996), S. 491-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Contrino et al. reply — We thank Luther and colleagues for their letter, in which they provide support for our findings of functional tissue factor (TF) in situ in invasive breast cancer1. Although the authors should be encouraged to provide additional information critical to understanding ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm0596-491b
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fingerprinting rat liver microsomal cytochromes P-450 as a means of delineating sexually distinctive forms (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 60 (1987), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Cytochrome P-450 ; Sex differences ; Constitutive P-450 ; P-450 separation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cytochrome P-450 fraction of microsomes separated on lauric acid AH-Sepharose 4B columns contains about 75% of the microsomal P-450. This was finger-printed by means of two dimensional isoelectric focusing/ SDS-PAGE. Separation of the fraction by highly reproducible, standard procedures on carboxymethyl Sepharose CL6B into four fractions allowed ready isolation and purification of seven forms of P-450, RLM2, 2b, 3, f4, 5, 5a and f5a. Comparison of the four fractions CMI, CMII, CMIII and CMIV revealed qualitative differences in the proteins contained in CMI and CMII of male and female rats. Identification of these proteins revealed RLM2, present in the CMI fraction of adult male rats, is not present in detectable levels in the comparable fraction from females. Similarly, RLM3 and 5 were present in the CMII fraction of male rats but could not be detected in the corresponding fraction of females. Instead, another protein, fRLM4, was found in the females. RLM5a, found in the CMII fraction of males, was also present in females. Examination of the physical properties of these P-450 proteins revealed those isolated in the CMI and CMII fractions to have fairly neutral isoelectric points (7.1–7.6). Based upon the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence, three classes of constitutive forms of P-450 can be recognized. All of the constitutive forms have methionine in position one and leucine in position seven. By comparing sequence homologies, RLM2 and 2b form one sub-class, RLM3, f4 and 5 form a second sub-class, and P-450f and RLM5a form a third sub-class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296945
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of circulating interleukin-1 receptor antagonist expression in children with inflammatory bowel disease (1994)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 39 (1994), S. 1893-1899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: inflammatory bowel disease ; interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ; cytokines ; inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 appear to be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, a naturally occurring interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, designated IL-1ra, which inhibits IL-1β activityin vitro andin vivo has been described. The purpose of the present study was to assess the circulating levels and relative relationships of IL-1ra, IL-1β, and IL-6 in children with IBD of varying severity. Serum/plasma samples were obtained from 32 children with ulcerative colitis, 45 with Crohn's disease, and 24 control patients. Cytokine assays were performed by enzymelinked immunoassay. IL-1ra levels were significantly elevated in children with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease of moderate/severe activity compared to patients with inactive/mild IBD or control subjects (P〈0.001). IL-1β was only detectable in the circulation of two subjects with severe colitis (one ulcerative colitis, one Crohn's disease), and both had extremely elevated IL-1ra levels. IL-1ra levels were significantly related to IL-6 levels for patients with IBD (P〈0.00001). Our results suggest that circulating IL-1ra appears in increasing concentrations in children with mounting degrees of disease severity as determined by clinical scoring methods as well as by the level of IL-6. Future work will need to address the clinical and prognostic value of measuring circulating IL-1ra in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02088122
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotactic Factors Released in Culture by Intact Developing and Healing Skin Lesions Produced in Rabbits by the Irritant Sulfur Mustard (1997)
    Springer
    Inflammation 21 (1997), S. 251-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2576
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Developing, peak and healing lesions were induced in the skin of rabbits by topical applications (on different days) of the chemical irritant sulfur mustard (SM). Immediately after the rabbits were euthanized, the intact lesions were excised and organ-cultured for 17 to 20 hours. The culture fluids from early, peak and healing SM lesions all showed high chemoctactic activity for both PMN and MN. This finding suggests that the PMN and MN, seen microscopically in tissue sections of the lesions, were entering continuously, even during the healing process. The chemotaxins identified were the eicosanoid LTB4, the chemokine IL-8, and proteases producing the complement fragment C5a. Other studies from our laboratory showed that the number of cells containing IL-1, IL-8, MCP-1, and GRO mRNAs was increased in SM lesions. Chemotactic activity was released by both live and dead (frozen and thawed) cell suspensions of PMN, MN, and fibroblasts, suggesting that these cells were major sources of the chemotaxins produced by the SM lesion explants. Explants of normal skin produced considerable chemotactic activity for MN, but not for PMN. Chemotactic activity for PMN, and the release of LTB4, IL-8 and proteases cleaving C5 to C5a, occurred only in explants infiltrated by leukocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1027378422627
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of neutrophil chemotactic factors from gastric tissue (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 681-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gastric mucosa ; inflammation ; neutrophil chemotaxis ; inflammatory mediators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study was designed to characterize neutrophil chemotactic factors released by gastric tissue. Full-thickness rabbit stomach (organ culture) was prepared and incubated in Ringer's solution at 37°C. Culture supernatants were collected at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr and assayed for neutrophil chemotactic activity in modified Boyden chambers. High levels of chemotactic activity were seen at 3 hr of incubation. Antral and fundic tissue were equally capable of producing neutrophil chemotactic activity. In addition, high levels of activity were seen from both the serosal and mucosal surfaces. Initial biochemical characterization of these gastricderived factors revealed that: (1) a majority of the activity (80–90%) exhibited molecular weight values of greater than 300 kDa, (2) the chemotactic activity was heat stable but was partially reduced by treatment with a protease, subtilisin (37% inhibition), and (3) 70–80% of the activity in the supernatants was extracted into organic solvent (ethyl acetate). These factors may prove to be important in recruitment of neutrophils to areas of gastric injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540338
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