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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Despite the volume of research done on food properties, the literature reports little related to the baking industry, particularly confectionary dough. This paper reports results of an experimental study of thermal conductivity, specific heat, density and thermal diffusivity of two different types of cookie dough. Thermal conductivity of both doughs were moderately dependent on temperature. Thermal diffusivities of each type dough were evaluated using experimental values of thermal conductivity, specific heat and density. Total experimental uncertainty in the thermal diffusivity was estimated as 0.134 for the AACC formula and 0.15 for the hard-sweet formula dough.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 283 (1980), S. 362-364 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The experimental reactor is an annulus of large radius ratio, and the corona discharge is applied from a small diameter (0.053 cm) stainless steel wire suspended under tension along the centreline. The outer cylinder is a 95.5% A12O3 tube of dimensions 4.50 cm o.d.´ 3.91 cmi.d. ´ 58.4 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Heat and mass transfer 8 (1975), S. 179-185 
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit einer linearen StabilitÄtstheorie wurden kritische Rayleigh-Zahlen für poröse Schichten unendlicher horizontaler Ausdehnung bei innerer Heizung mit konstanter Leistungsdichte bestimmt. Die thermische Kopplung zwischen Systemen und Umgebung besorgt eine gemischte Randbedingung sowohl für den Fall der WÄrmeleitung als auch für die Umschlagstemperatur. Die Begrenzungen haben folgende Eigenschaften: oben und unten fest, oben fest und unten konstanter Druck und umgekehrt. Für ein festes VerhÄltnis der Biot-Zahlen oben und unten wirkt abnehmende Biot-Zahl destabilisierend, wenn dieses VerhÄltnis grö\er oder gleich Eins ist. Am stabilsten ist eine Schicht mit fester oberer Begrenzung; dagegen besitzt eine Schicht mit fester oberer Begrenzung und konstantem Druck unten die grö\ten kritischen Rayleigh-Zahlen für hohe Biot-Zahlen.
    Notes: Abstract Critical Rayleigh numbers determined by linear stabiliy theory are presented for porous-fluid layers of infinite horizontal extent heated internally by a uniform volumetric energy source in the fluid. The thermal coupling between the layer and its environment is represented by a general mixed boundary condition for both the conduction state and the disturbance temperature. Rigid-rigid, rigid-constant pressure, and constant pressure-rigid boundaries are considered in the computations. For a fixed ratio of upper surface Biot number to that at the lower surface, decreasing the Biot number is strictly destabilizing for values of this ratio greater than or equal to one. A layer with a rigid upper surface is generally the most stable; however, a layer with a rigid upper surface and a constant pressure lower surface exhibits the largest values of critical Rayleigh numbers for large values of Biot number.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Flow, turbulence and combustion 31 (1975), S. 81-109 
    ISSN: 1573-1987
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Linear and energy theory stability criteria are presented for fluid layers of infinite horizontal extent heated internally by a uniform volumetric energy source. The thermal coupling between the layer and its environment is modeled by a general mixed boundary condition in both the conduction state and the disturbance temperature. Rigid-rigid, free-free, free-rigid, and rigid-free boundaries are considered in the computations. For a fixed ratio of upper surface Biot number to that at the lower surface, decreasing the Biot number is strictly destabilizing for both linear and energy theory criteria. A region of possible subcritical instability is found; its size is strongly dependent on Biot number and becomes small for small values of lower surface Biot number and large Biot number ratio. For two rigid surfaces and an upper and lower surface Biot number of 47.5, mean energy transport measurementswithin the convecting layer indicate a critical Reyleigh number close to that predicted by linear theory. Subcritical instability is not observed when finite amplitude disturbances are introduced at a Rayleigh number between the critical values predicted by the linear theory and the energy theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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