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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intense lithium ion beam source using vacuum baking and discharge cleaning techniques (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 3418-3425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a high-purity, intense, lithium ion beam source which operates at 500 kV and 120 A/cm2 with pulse widths of 125 ns full width half maximum. The beams were generated using a lithium chloride anode in planar magnetically insulated geometry. We have found that the combination of vacuum baking of the anode at 250 °C followed by the application of 100 W of pure argon, steady-state, glow discharge cleaning reduced the impurity concentration in the beam to approximately 10% (components other than chlorine or lithium were considered impurities). Although the impurities were low, the concentration of chlorine in the 1+ and 2+ charge states was significant (∼25%). The remaining 65% of the beam consisted of Li+ ions. Without the special cleaning process, over half the beam particles were impurities. It was determined that these impurities entered the beam at the anode surface but came originally from material in the vacuum chamber. After the cleaning process, recontamination was observed to occur in approximately 6 min. This long recontamination time, which was much greater than the expected monolayer formation time, was attributed to the elevated temperature of the anode. We also compared the electrical characteristics of the beams produced by LiCl anodes to those generated by a standard polyethylene proton source. In contrast to the polyethylene anode, the LiCl source exhibited a higher impedance, produced beams of lower ion current efficiency and had longer turn on times.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349260
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First-order optimization of multiple magnetic lens systems for transport and focusing of annular ion beams (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 5179-5185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A standard matrix method for tracing rays through an ion optical system is extended to include a recently discovered [W. Z. Liu and F. D. Bechetti, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 1228 (1989)] defocusing solenoidal lens. The results of the matrix approach are shown to correspond with results obtained by numerical integration of particle trajectories through real coil configurations. First-order radial miss distances due to radial divergence of the beam, chromatic aberration of the lens system, and physical extent of the source are compared for one and two lens systems using the matrix formulation. It is demonstrated that a two lens system in a focusing-defocusing arrangement can simultaneously correct to first order for chromatic aberration and beam divergence, producing a better focus for thin annular beams with significant energy spread and divergence. A new calculation of the focal length for the negative solenoidal lens is also included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350225
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experiments measuring the initial energy deposition, expansion rates and morphology of exploding wires with about 1 kA/wire (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 216-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Wire-array Z-pinch implosion experiments begin with wire heating, explosion, and plasma formation phases that are driven by an initial 50–100 ns, 0–1 kA/wire portion of the current pulse. This paper presents expansion rates for the dense, exploding wire cores for several wire materials under these conditions, with and without insulating coatings, and shows that these rates are related to the energy deposition prior to plasma formation around the wire. The most rapid and uniform expansion occurs for wires in which the initial energy deposition is a substantial fraction of the energy required to completely vaporize the wire. Conversely, wire materials with less energy deposition relative to the vaporization energy show complex internal structure and the slowest, most nonuniform expansion. This paper also presents calibrated radial density profiles for some Ag wire explosions, and structural details present in some wire explosions, such as foam-like appearance, stratified layers and gaps. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323759
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of insulating coatings on exploding wire plasma formation (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 429-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Substantial increases are reported in the expansion rates of exploding, dense wire cores under conditions simulating the prepulse phase of wire array z-pinch experiments [R. B. Spielman et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] using wires with insulating coatings. The insulation apparently allows additional wire heating by delaying the formation of plasma around the wires. Once plasma is formed it terminates significant current flow in the residual wire cores. This effect is demonstrated for 25-μm diameter W and 25-μm diameter Ag wires. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873825
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple air wedge shearing interferometer for studying exploding wires : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1098-1100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new type of shearing interferometer using an air wedge is described. This interferometer is based on a beam splitter constructed using two 90-degree prisms. A small air gap, which varies in spacing from top-to-bottom, separates the second prism from the first and forms the air wedge. The single incident laser beam is focused near the gap, and the two primary reflections from the long sides of each prism form the two coherent virtual sources necessary for interferometry. The shift between the two images of the object at the detector, as well as the orientation and frequency of the fringes, can be independently adjusted by altering the air gap thickness and angle, as well as the position of the laser focus in the gap. This interferometry scheme is inexpensive and easily aligned, and has been successfully and reliably used in exploding wire experiments. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1321746
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thin lens simulations of inertial confinement fusion focusing systems for light ions (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2879-2883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Systems for focusing a light ion beam onto an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target are studied using a thin lens model to compute ion trajectories. Three focusing systems are analyzed. The systems are (1) an uncorrected single focusing lens; (2) a focusing lens with chromatic correction due to the self magnetic field of the beam; and (3) the combination of a focusing lens, a defocusing lens for divergence correction, and chromatic correction from the beam's self field. Systems (2) and (3) both produce energy efficiencies of greater than 50% for transporting an ion beam with 6 mrad divergence over 4 m and focusing it onto a 1 cm radius target. The predictions of the thin lens model are compared to predictions made by codes using numerical integration of particle trajectories. The implications for ICF applications are discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358701
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of the thermalization of the neutralizing electrons in intense ion beams (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 2425-2429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Vacuum propagation of intense, pulsed ion beams relies on the existence of charge and current neutralization by electrons drawn into the beam channel by the electrostatic forces of the ions. We report here a set of measurements of the temperature of the neutralizing electrons and of the beam potential which support existing theories of the time and spatial development of the neutralizing space charge and current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337964
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biased charge collector analysis for intense ion beam measurements (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 2123-2127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analysis of a biased charge collector for measuring intense ion beam parameters is presented. The propagating ion beam is assumed to be current and space charge neutralized by a thermalized, background electron population. Space-charge effects inside the charge collector are included and it is shown that in addition to the ion current density, information on the electron temperature can also be obtained from the I-V characteristics of the collector. Finally, the design requirements for the construction of a biased charge collector are summarized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337969
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma opening switch studies of an applied Bz ion diode (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 65 (1989), S. 3806-3815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The light ion accelerator (1.5 MV, 4 Ω) at Cornell University is being used to study the characteristics of an applied Bz , or "barrel,'' diode. We report here the results of a series of experiments utilizing a plasma opening switch. With a magnetically insulated ion diode load, the peak diode voltage increased from 1.5 to 1.8 MV and the ion power increased from 50 to 80 GW when a plasma opening switch was used. Our results are compared with existing theories of plasma opening switch operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343394
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave production by an intense ion beam propagating through a magnetized background plasma (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 5387-5390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of the microwave radiation produced when an intense pulsed ion beam propagated from a field-free region into a magnetized plasma are presented. The ion beam was initially charge and current neutralized by a comoving electron population. Upon entering the magnetized plasma, some of the neutralizing electrons were stripped from the ion beam by the magnetic field and replaced by plasma electrons which were accelerated to high velocities by a space-charge imbalance within the ion beam. Electron plasma waves at the background plasma frequency were driven unstable by the high-velocity plasma electrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354242
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