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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Oropharyngeal flora ; Artificial ventilation ; Colonization/infection lower airways
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During 1 year 27 patients admitted to the respiratory intensive care unit were monitored bacteriologically for a minimum of 10 days (mean: 26.7 days). Oropharyngeal swabs and tracheal aspirates were qualitatively and semi-quantitatively cultured twice weekly. A correlation between oropharyngeal and tracheal flora was found: once a bacterial species colonized the oropharyngeal cavity in high numbers, the identical microorganism was frequently isolated (〉50%) from the lower respiratory tract. Six of the 27 patients acquired an infection of the lower airways in the respiratory intensive care unit. The bacteria involved belonged to the patients oropharyngeal flora: S. aureus, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. As a result of this study showing the oropharynx to be the source of lower airway colonization/infection, a policy for infection prevention has been outlined. This policy is based on the concept of source elimination by means of oropharyngeal decontamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lung 150 (1974), S. 149-154 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Obstructive Lungdisease ; Fluorides ; Aluminium Industry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Some time after an aluminium factory was opened, a high percentage of its workers developed symptoms of dyspnea, wheezing, coughing, and expectoration. The symptom pattern varied: some complaints began on the job, others during the night after work. The aluminium was processed by electrolysis, causing fluoride-containing gases to escape in high concentrations. A screening examination of the workers confirmed a high incidence of chest complaints; an increased histamine reactivity in the bronchial tree was also found, with no marked deterioration in lung function. Some of the workers were hospitalized; indication of a slight, reversible bronchial obstruction was found, though diffusion was apperently not impaired. Exactly how fluorides interact in the bronchial-tree is unknown. There is the possibility that a preexistent chronic obstructive lung disease becomes a predisposing factor for these reactions; this, however, is not confirmed. Such symptoms among the workers could be controled if working conditions were improved and job applicants were screened more selectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zweck dieser Studie war die Entwicklung einer Untersuchungsmethode zur Unterstützung der Differentialdiagnose zwischen Lungeninfiltraten infektiöser Ätiologie und Lungeninfarkten. Pneumokokkenkapsel-Antikörper-Spiegel im Serum wurden mittels ELISA-Methode bestimmt (Immunglobuline G und M). Ein 14-valentes Pneumokokken-Kapselpolysaccharid diente als Antigen. Eine mindestens zweifache Veränderung des mittels ELISA bestimmten Antikörperspiegels wurde als signifikant betrachtet. Von 30 Patienten mit Pneumokokkenpneumonie wiesen 13 einen Vakzinetyp vonStreptococcus pneumoniae auf (Gruppe A); bei fünf wurde ein Pneumokokkentyp nachgewiesen, der nicht in der Vakzine enthalten war (Gruppe B), während bei 12 der Pneumokokkentyp nicht ermittelt wurde (Gruppe C). Die Sensitivität des Tests betrug in Gruppe A 62%. Ein heterotyper Antikörperanstieg konnte bei einem Patienten nachgewiesen werden (Gruppe B). In den Gruppen A und C wurde gleich häufig eine Serokonversion gefunden. Bei 13 Patienten wurde ein anderer ätiologischer Faktor nachgewiesen (Gruppe D). Die Spezifität in dieser Gruppe war 85%. Der Antikörperstieg hatte in bezug auf Pneumokokkenpneumonien einen positiven prädiktiven Wert von 89% (SD 0,07), in bezug auf Lungeninfiltrate anderer Genese hatte hingegen ein negatives Ergebnis einen prädiktiven Wert von nur 46% (SD 0,10). Bei vier Patienten mit einem Lungeninfarkt konnte keine Erhöhung des Antikörperspiegels festgestellt werden. Vorläufige Ergebnisse einer analogen noch laufenden Untersuchung, in welcher ein 23-valentes Pneumokokken-Kapsel-Antigen benutzt wird, bestätigen obige Resultate. Es ist bemerkenswert, daß zehn weitere Patienten mit Lungeninfarkt keine Serokonversion zeigten. Diese Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, daß Veränderungen im Antikörper-Spiegel gegen polyvalentes Pneumokokken-Kapsel-Antigen bei der Differentialdiagnose zwischen Lungeninfiltraten infektiöser Ätiologie und Lungeninfarkten einige Bedeutung zukommt.
    Notes: Summary We assessed the diagnostic value of serial serum antibody titers (IgG, IgM) to a polyvalent pneumococcal antigen preparation containing capsular polysaccharides from 14 different serotypes in the differential diagnosis between infectious lung infiltrates and lung infarction. A two-fold or higher change in antibody level, measured by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was considered significant. Of 30 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia, 13 were infected with aStreptococcus pneumoniae serotype included in the vaccine (group A), five with a non-vaccine type (group B), and in 12 patients theS. pneumoniae serotype was not identified (group C). The sensitivity was 62% (group A). A heterotypic antibody rise was observed in one patient (group B). There was no difference in antibody rises between groups A and C. In 13 patients the pulmonary infiltrates were associated with different etiological factors (group D). The specificity determined in this group was 85%. The positive predictive value of an antibody rise was 89% (SD=0.07) in pneumococcal pneumonia and a negative result signified in only 46% of the patients (SD=0.10) that the pulmonary infiltrates were not associated with pneumococcal infection. Four patients suffering from pulmonary infarction had no antibody rise. Preliminary data of a current similar study, using a 23-valent antigen of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides supported the aforementioned results. It is noteworthy that ten additional patients with lung infarction showed no seroconversion. The results suggest that serum antibody changes to a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine may be of value in the differential diagnosis between infectious lung infiltrates and lung infarction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwei Patienten mit einerLegionella pneumophila-Infektion (Serogruppe 1) werden beschrieben, bei denen es zur Reaktivierung einer Cytomegalovirus-Infektion kam. Prädisponierende Faktoren konnten nicht ermittelt werden.
    Notes: Summary Two patients withLegionella pneumophila infection (serogroup 1) associated with a reactivated cytomegalovirus infection are described. Predisposing underlying factors were not evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 12 (1993), S. 217-220 
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To determine the value of detection of antigen in the oropharynx in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia, oropharyngeal secretions were cultured for the presence ofStreptococcus pneumoniae and tested for the presence of pneumococcal antigen. Sputum (if available) collected on the same day was also investigated for the presence of antigen. Detection of pneumococcal antigen was found to be directly related to the severity of pneumococcal carriership or infection (p〈0.0001) and was not related to culture results. Patients with pneumococcal pneumonia had the highest antigen detection rate (38 %), followed by patients with pneumonia of unknown etiology (32 %) and patients with an acute lower respiratory tract infection due toStreptococcus pneumoniae (20 %). Pneumococcal carriers had a detection rate of only 9 %. Antigen could be detected in only one patient of the control groups. Although antigen detection in sputum was superior to that in oropharyngeal secretions, concordant results were obtained in 8 (40 %) and 6 (36 %) patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and pneumonia of unknown etiology respectively. The results strongly suggest that pneumococcal carriage seldom leads to a detectable level of antigen, and that antigen detection in the oropharynx appears to be of additive value in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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