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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-T-cell strategies in the treatment of allergic disease (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Specific allergen immunotherapy (SIT) has been shown to be effective in modulating allergic responses in diseases such as rhinitis and asthma. However, the ability of whole allergen to cross link mast cell bound IgE, resulting in release of mediators such as histamine, has limited the application of this therapy to carefully selected patients who have failed conventional pharmacotherapy. The use of peptide sequences corresponding to T cell epitopes of the allergen has been postulated as an alternative to SIT in which high molar doses of T cell epitope can be delivered over a shorter time period and with improved safety. Using peptides from the sequence of the major cat allergen, Fel d 1, we have demonstrated the ability to induce transient T cell activation, resulting in isolated late asthmatic reactions, which are followed by prolonged periods of allergen-specific hyporesponsiveness, both to peptide re-challenge and to cutaneous challenge with whole allergen. Thus, peptide therapy may prove safe and efficacious in the treatment of allergic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.57.s72.9.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cat allergen peptide immunotherapy reduces CD4+ T cell responses to cat allergen but does not alter suppression by CD4+ CD25+ T cells: a double-blind placebo-controlled study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  We have previously described both modification of allergen immunotherapy using peptide fragments, and reduced regulation of allergen stimulated T cells by CD4+ CD25+ T cells from allergic donors when compared with nonallergic controls. It has been suggested that allergen immunotherapy induces regulatory T cell activity: we hypothesized that allergen peptide immunotherapy might increase suppressive activity of CD4+ CD25+ T cells.Objective:  To examine cat allergen-stimulated CD4 T cell responses and their suppression by CD4+ CD25+ T cells before and after cat allergen peptide immunotherapy in a double-blind placebo-controlled study.Methods:  Peripheral blood was obtained and stored before and after peptide immunotherapy or placebo treatment. CD4+ and CD4+ CD25+ were then isolated by immunomagnetic beads and cultured with allergen in vitro.Results:  Comparing cells from blood taken before with that after peptide immunotherapy there was a significant reduction in both proliferation and IL-13 production by allergen-stimulated CD4+ T cells, whereas no change was seen after placebo. CD4+ CD25+ T cells suppressed both proliferation and IL-13 production by CD4+ CD25− T cells before and after therapy but peptide therapy was not associated with any change in suppressive activity of these cells.Conclusion:  Allergen peptide immunotherapy alters T cell response to allergen through mechanisms other than changes in CD4+ CD25+ T cell suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00601.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of Fel d 1-derived T-cell peptides on upper and lower airway outcome measurements in cat-allergic subjects (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  We previously showed that overlapping Fel d 1-derived T-cell peptides inhibited surrogate markers of allergy (i.e. early and late-phase skin reactions and T-cell function) in cat allergic subjects. The present pilot study was designed to determine whether this treatment affected clinically relevant outcome measurements such as the allergen-induced nasal and bronchial reactions, and asthma/rhinitis quality of life (QOL).Methods:  Sixteen cat-allergic asthmatic subjects who gave a dual (early and late) asthmatic response (DAR) to inhaled cat allergen were randomly assigned to receive either Fel d 1 peptides (approximately 300 μg in increasing, divided doses) or placebo (8 active : 8 placebo). Twelve single early responders (SER) were also studied in an open fashion design. Allergen-induced bronchial and nasal measurements as well as the QOL was measured at baseline, 4–8 weeks (follow-up 1 (FU1)) and 3–4 months (FU2).Results:  In the active, but not placebo, group there were significant decreases in the late asthmatic reaction (LAR) to whole cat dander (P = 0.03) at FU2 but with no between group difference. There were also significant improvements in asthma quality of life (QOL) scores [asthma-activity limitation (P = 0.014); rhinitis-sleep (P = 0.024), non-nose/non-eye symptoms (P = 0.031), nasal problems (P = 0.015)]. In the open study Fel d 1 peptide treatment resulted in significant decreases in number of sneezes (P = 0.05), weight of nasal secretions (P = 0.04) and nasal blockage (P = 0.01) following allergen challenge.Conclusions:  Multiple, short, overlapping Fel d 1 T-cell peptides have potential for inhibiting upper and lower airway outcome measurements in cat allergic patients. Larger, dose-ranging, studies are required before firm conclusions on clinical efficacy of peptide allergen therapy can be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00885.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced In Vivo Immunogenicity Induced by an Antibody to the IL-4 Receptor-Associated gp200-MR6 Molecule (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four murine IgG1 monoclonal antibodies, each with specificity for a human tumour-associated antigen, have been tested for their in vivo immunogenicity using a rabbit model. Surprisingly, one of these antibodies, MR6, was significantly more immunogenic than the remaining three reagents. This enhanced MR6 immunogenicity was not restricted to the immunoglobulin molecule itself, but also applied to a hapten (fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC) when conjugated to the monoclonal antibody. In addition, the secondary immune response to an independent antigen, human haemoglobin, was higher when the antigen was administered simultaneously with MR6 than when co-injected with an isotype-matched control monoclonal antibody. The presence of the target antigen, gp200-MR6, on both rabbit and human leucocytes and epithelium, and its known association with human IL-4 function, raises the possibility that antibody MR6 may not only target immunogens to antigen-presenting cells, but may also enhance the ability of these cells to present antigen to the immune system. Antibodies to the gp200-MR6 may therefore find important clinical application as in vivo adjuvants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-292.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fel d 1-derived T cell peptide therapy induces recruitment of CD4+CD25+; CD4+ interferon-γ+ T helper type 1 cells to sites of allergen-induced late-phase skin reactions in cat-allergic subjects (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Specific immunotherapy with whole allergen extracts is associated with local accumulation of IFN-γ+ and CD25+ cells indicating recruitment of activated T-helper type 1 (Th1) and/or T regulatory cells. We have studied allergen-induced, late-phase skin biopsies before and after T cell peptide therapy for evidence of alterations in the pattern of local recruitment of Th1, T-helper type 2 (Th2) and T regulatory cells.Objective To evaluate the effect of T cell peptide therapy on the allergen-induced cutaneous late-phase reaction.Methods Increasing doses of synthetic Fel d 1-derived peptides were administered (by intradermal injection) to eight cat-allergic asthmatics at 14-day intervals. Twenty-four-hour skin biopsies were taken from whole cat allergen- and diluent-injected sites, before and after treatment and studied by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.Results Fel-d 1 peptides decreased airway hyper-responsiveness (P=0.02) and inhibited the late-phase cutaneous reaction (LPCR) to whole cat allergen (P=0.03). This was associated with significant increases (post- vs. pre-treatment) in the number of cutaneous CD4+/IFN-γ+ (P=0.03) and CD4+/CD25+ cells (P=0.04), but not in CD4+/IL-10+ or CD4+/CTLA-4+ cells.Conclusions Treatment with allergen-derived T cell peptides results in allergen-dependent recruitment to the skin of Th1, rather than T regulatory cells, to cutaneous late-phase reaction sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02143.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-cell responses to house dust mites: bad news for immunotherapy? (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01223.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FcεRI expression on monocytes in atopic disease: cause or effect? (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00585.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allergen isoforms for immunotherapy: diversity, degeneracy and promiscuity (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 29 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00708.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuing Medical Education: an international reality (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We are all aware today of the growing interest in continuing medical education (CME) programmes in many European Countries and it is important to understand why and how CME could become an international reality. It is obvious that patients need a good doctor – the best possible – as far as medical knowledge, attention to the patient's quality of life and cost–control is concerned. All European health care systems have to take into consideration everything that causes patient dissatisfaction, risk management and unjustified expenses. An example is the increase of claims and complaints against doctors and the strong attention of patients to medical procedures. In other words, medicine worldwide is becoming a service industry and has to consider quality and quantity of performances as well as to pay attention to personal responsibility. The object of our work is to evaluate the CME systems present in Europe, to show the work done on CME by the CME Committee of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology and to highlight the Consensus Report on CME approved by an international panel of CME experts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00805.x
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