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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine metabolism after adverse reactions due to d-tubocurarine administration (1987)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 21 (1987), S. 54-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated histamine release in five female patients, submitted for gynaecological surgery, after intravenous administration of the neuromuscular blocking agent d-tubocurarine. In these patients we measured the plasma levels of histamine and its metabolites, Nτ-methylhistamine and Nτ-methylimidazoleacetic acid, making use of mass fragmentographic methods. The newly developed determination of plasma Nτ-methylimidazoleacetic acid had a within-day coefficient of variation of 2.7% (n=10). Normal values of Nτ-methylimidazoleacetic acid in plasma ranged from 41.3–75.6 nmol/l (n=13). All five patients developed anaphylactoid reactions: two patients showed severe systemic reactions, one patient a minor systemic reaction and two had skin reactions only. Plasma histamine and Nτ-methylhistamine levels appeared to be the most reliable biochemical parameters for confirming both the occurrence and severity of an anaphylactoid reaction. In comparison with plasma histamine, the determination of plasma Nτ-methylhistamine is less hampered by artefacts caused by blood collection and plasma preparation. Together with the fact that the increase in plasma Nτ-methylhistamine levels after anaphylactoid reactions lasts much longer than the increase in plasma histamine levels, this leads to the conclusion that the determination of plasma Nτ-methylhistamine is a useful retrospective parameter for histamine release in this type of pathological state. The plasma Nτ-methylimidazoleacetic acid levels fluctuated considerably, showing only a significant increase after administration of d-tubocurarine in the two patients who had severe anaphylactoid reactions. This parameter is, therefore, less useful in such studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974921
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nosocomial gram-negative pneumonia in critically ill patients (1986)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 12 (1986), S. 419-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Pneumonia ; Nosocomial ; Gram-negative ; Intensive care ; Artificial ventilation ; Infection prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The efficacy of selective decontamination of the oral cavity and GI-tract in the treatment of established gram-negative pneumonia in critically ill patients was evaluated in a prospective open trial. 25 patients with pneumonia caused by Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonadaceae were studied. All patients were mechanically ventilated (range 2–60 days). Non-absorbable antibiotics (polymyxin E 100 mg, tobramycin 80 mg, amphotericin B 500 mg) were administered through the nasogastric tube four times a day. The oral cavity was decontaminated with an ointment containing 2% of the same antibiotics, applied to the buccal mucosa four times a day. For systemic therapy a combination of tobramycin (3–6 mg · kg-1) with either cefotaxim (50–100 mg · kg-1) or ceftazidime (100 mg · kg-1) was given both intravenously and by aerosol (50% IV dose/5 ml saline) four times a day. Eradication of pathogens from the respiratory tract was achieved in 24 patients within 9 days (median 5 days). The cure rate was 96%. Two patients had a relapse. Neither recolonization with resistant organisms nor supra-infections were found for the remaining period of mechanical ventilation (up to 60 days), also after systemic/aerosol therapy had been discontinued. Only 3 patients died (12%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254674
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einflüsse des motorischen Cortex der Katze auf die Renshaw-Rückkoppelungshemmung der Motoneurone (1961)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 274 (1961), S. 51-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02292278
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eigenreflex-Depressionen bei chemischer Muskelspindelerregung (1962)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 274 (1962), S. 511-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Intravascular succinylcholine (SCh) administration elicits tonic, irregular discharges of the motoneurones (MN) of cat hindlimb extensor muscles concomitant with activation of their muscle spindle afferents. Stretch of the muscle frequently inhibits the MN-discharges induced by SCh. During maximal spindle activation the monosynaptic massreflex (MMR) is decreased or absent. 2. The administration of dihydro-beta-erythroidine (DHE) prior to SCh abolished the inhibition of MN-discharges induced by muscle stretch. In addition, after DHE the characteristic alternations in groups of MN between discharges and silent periods disappeared. The MMR suppression, induced by SCh, was as a rule reduced or occasionally abolished by DHE pretreatment. 3. Since DHE is known to suppress recurrent Renshaw inhibition, it is suggested that one of the factors responsible for the reflex depressing effect of SCh is an increased recurrent inhibition resulting from increased firing of a fraction of the motoneurones. 4. The existence of DHE resistant MMR depressions after SCh, observed in several cases, indicates that beside recurrent inhibition other factors may be involved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00362777
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology of adverse reactions in anaesthesia in Germany and the Netherlands (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1010-1016 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Anaphylactoid reaction ; Causative agents ; Statistics ; Predictability ; Therapeutic principles ; Anaphylaktoide Sofortreaktion ; auslösende Substanzen ; Statistik ; Vorhersehbarkeit ; therapeutische Prinzipien
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Anhand von 292 anaphylaktoiden Reaktionen, die im eigenen Material (1964–1980) in zwei verschiedenen Anästhesieabteilungen zur Beobachtung kamen und behandelt wurden, wird versucht, die Epidemiologie dieser lebensbedrohlichen Arzneimittelreaktion zu erhellen. Wir kommen zu folgenden Schlüssen: Die Besonderheit der Reaktion rechtfertigt den abgrenzenden Namen „anaphylaktoide Sofortreaktion“. Die allgemeine Häufigkeit liegt zwischen 1:400–600 im Bereich der Anästhesiologie, ein Überwiegen des weiblichen Geschlechts ist möglich. Voraussehbar ist der Zwischenfall nicht, auch nicht bei sorgfältiger Anamnese. Vermieden werden kann nur seine ausgeprägte Entwicklung durch Frühdiagnose und vollständige kausale und symptomatische Soforttherapie. Mit wachsender Erfahrung bei Diagnose und Behandlung sollte die Mortalität in der Zukunft unerheblich sein.
    Notes: Summary We consider 292 anaphylactoid reactions from the own material (1964–1980) out of two different Departments of anesthesiology to attempt to review the continental epidemiology of this lifethreatening adverse drug reaction. We conclude the following: The speciality of this type of adverse reaction is likely to prove a special separating name i.e. “anaphylactoid reaction”. The overall frequency can be estimated for 1:400–600 in anesthesiology, a preponderance of females may be possible. There is no predictability of the reaction, not even by sophisticated history. But it is possible to avoid the development of severe shock by early diagnosis and immediate full causative therapy. With growing experience in diagnosis and therapy the mortality of anaphylactoid reaction should be irrelevant in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01716964
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Bedeutung der „paradoxen“ Entladung und verwandter Phänomene arterieller Mechanoreceptoren für den Kreislaufschock (1967)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 45 (1967), S. 638-643 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Using elektrophysiological technique, in dogs and cats afferent impulses of aortic baroceptors from filaments of the cervical vagus were obtained while in the heparinized animals blood-loss hypotonia and reinfusion was performed. 2. Among the total of 180 baroceptors only 10% continue firing with low frequency at aortic pressures below 50 mm Hg, among them the socalled paradoxically firing baroceptors, which—after a period of silence—, rebegun firing pulse synchronous patterns with further decrease of aortic pressure. 3. So far we believe that paradox discharges of baroceptors concerning the percentage dont have a severe influence in hypotonia as reflexogenic circulus vitiosus with further pressure decrease and establishment of prolonged shock. 4. In the case of hypocalcaemia, most times associated with shock, baroceptors were sensitized and their reflexogenic influence becomes more marked. Regarding our experience in shock-aptients the therapeutic consequence is to avoid serum hypocalcaemia substituting Ca++.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. An Hunden und Katzen wurden Aktionspotentiale depressorischer Baroceptoren der Aorta aus Halsvagusfilamenten abgeleitet und ihre afferenten Impulsmuster bei Aderlaß-Hypotonie und Reinfusion beobachtet. 2. Der Anteil sog. paradox entladender Receptoren, die bei Aderlaß-Hypotonie wieder vermehrt bzw. noch Impulse abgeben, lag nur zwischen 5–15%. 3. Die Frage nach der reflektorischen Bedeutung dieser Entladungen im Sinne eines depressorischen Circulus vitiosus mit weiterer Vertiefung der Hypotonie und Ausbildung eines protrahierten Kreislaufschocks glauben wir daher verneinen zu können. 4. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß die Verminderung des ionisierten Serumcalciums (Hypocalcämie) neben anderen Kreislaufwirkungen auch durch die Sensibilisierung kardio-vasculärer depressorischer Afferenzen diesen paradoxen Entladungen bzw. dem Baroceptor-Afferenz-Einstrom insgesamt eine grössere reflektorische Bedeutung im Sinne des untersuchten Zusammenhanges zuteilt. Unsere Erfahrungen beim Schock-Patienten bestätigen die therapeutische Konsequenz, eine Hypocalcämie durch Ca++-Substitution zu vermeiden. 5. Weitere, vom Normalverhalten abweichende, Entladungsbesonderheiten vasculärer Baroceptoren fallen wegen der Seltenheit ihres Vorkommens ebenfalls nicht besonders ins Gewicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01745638
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Glutathionreduktase im Serum des Menschen (1962)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 40 (1962), S. 985-995 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das Verhalten der DPNH-Glutathionreduktase im Serum des Menschen bei verschiedenen Krankheiten wurde untersucht. Durch Verlaufskontrollen mit zahlreichen Einzelkontrollen wurden Aktivitätsschwankungen der Glutathionreduktase mit denen der gleichzeitig bestimmten Glutamat-Oxalacetat-Transaminase, Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase und Lactat-Dehydrogenase verglichen. Eine Aktivitätsänderung der Glutathionreduktase findet sich bei vielen Krankheiten. Das Enzym bietet keine diagnostische Spezifität. In vielen Einzelfällen bei Hepatitis epidemica, Lebercirrhose, infektiöserMononukleose, metastasierenden Carcinomen, aber auch bei Herzinsuffizienz und bei Herzoperierten in der postoperativen Phase wurden pathologisch erniedrigte GR-Aktivitäten beobachtet. Entsprechende tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen und der Inhibitoreffekt des Heparins führten zu der Anhame, daß die GR-Aktivität durch Stoffe der Mucopolysaccharidklasse zeitweilig gehemmt wird. Die zusätzliche Bestimmung der Glutathionreduktaseaktivität zu Transaminasen- und Lactat-Dehydrogenase-Aktivität wird für die Differentialdiagnostik der Leber- und Oberbaucherkrankungen empfohlen. Die GR-Aktivität im Serum ist erhöht bei Hepatitis und besonders bei metastasierenden Carcinomen, kann erhöht sein bei Lebercirrhose und wohl auch bei Cholangitis. Der einfache Verschlußikterus und Cholecystopathien zeigen im Bereich der Norm liegende Werte. Erhöhungen der GR-Aktivität finden sich auch bei verschiedenen Blutkrankheiten, die aber in der Differentialdiagnostik der Lebererkrankungen wohl nicht in Betracht kommen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01481340
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Receptor-Afferenzen im Halsvagus des Menschen (1964)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 42 (1964), S. 239-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This is a report of afferent receptor impulses, recorded with electrophysiological technique in single functional divided fibres of the main cervical vagal trunk of two human subjects, which must undergo operating procedure in the cervical region. We found, analogous to experimental findings in animals, the typical afferent discharge patterns of cardiovascular, pulmonary and gastrointestinal receptors. Although there was naturally no possibility to localize and verify the single receptors in the heart, pulmo and gastrointestinum, we concluded, observing histological findings and reflex-mechanisms reported by other authors, that the well known stretch receptors, discharging in vagal afferent fibres, are present in man as well as in animals.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über elektrophysiologische Ableitungen receptorischer Afferenzen aus dem Halsvagus des Menschen berichtet. Aus den gewonnenen Impulsmustern wird in Analogie zu den tierexperimentellen Befunden und unter Beachtung der entsprechenden histologischen Befunde der Schluß gezogen, daß die bekannten kardiovasculären, pulmonalen und gastrointestinalen Receptortypen auch beim Menschen vorhanden sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01487951
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reizbedingungen der Vorhofsreceptoren von Hund und Katze (1960)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 272 (1960), S. 12-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00680915
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ursachen der Eigenreflexhemmungen bei starker Antriebssteigerung der Motoneurone (1960)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 272 (1960), S. 48-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00680964
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