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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortical correlates of semantic classical conditioning (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 33 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Event-related potentials to visually displayed pseudowords were registered from 13 individuals. In a differential conditioning paradigm, half of the pseudowords had previously been paired with a painful electric shock (shock words) and the other half had been presented without shock (nonshock words). Participants were asked to decide if the words had been presented during the conditioning phase or not. Larger N100 amplitudes and a more negativegoing slow wave 400–800 ms after word presentation were found for shock as compared with nonshock words. This effect was stronger over the left than over the right hemisphere. This left-lateralized negativity might reflect the activation of a cell assembly representing the memory of the learned word-shock contingency. Furthermore, the increased N100 amplitude elicited by shock as compared with nonshock words may be interpreted as an increased attentive facilitation for aversive pain-related information as a consequence of conditioning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1996.tb02359.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of PRES baroreceptor stimulation on thermal and mechanical pain threshold in borderline hypertensives and normotensives (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 31 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Prior studies have noted a pain relieving effect of baroreceptor stimulation and of higher tonic blood pressure in animals and humans. The present study used a new technique for the controlled, noninvasive stimulation of human carotid baroreceptors (PRES). PRES baroreceptor manipulation was delivered to both normotensive subjects (n= 11) and medication-free labile hypertensive subjects (n= 10) during both thermal and mechanical pain. Consistent with prior research, hypertensives had a higher threshold for thermal pain than did normotensives. PRES baroreceptor manipulation had no significant effect on thermal pain threshold for either group. For the mechanical pain model, the opposite results were obtained; group pain threshold did not differ, but there was a significant PRES baroreceptor stimulation effect of increasing pain threshold for both groups. Results are discussed in terms of specific features of the stimuli, dampening of pain in hypertensives, and adaptation to pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb01051.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cortical somatotopic map and phantom phenomena in subjects with congenital limb atrophy and traumatic amputees with phantom limb pain (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The extent of the cortical somatotopic map and its relationship to phantom phenomena was tested in five subjects with congenital absence of an upper limb, four traumatic amputees with phantom limb pain and five healthy controls. Cortical maps of the first and fifth digit of the intact hand, the lower lip and the first toe (bilaterally) were obtained using neuroelectric source imaging. The subjects with congenital upper limb atrophy showed symmetric positions of the left and right side of the lower lip and the first toe, whereas the traumatic amputees with pain showed a significant shift (about 2.4 cm) of the cortical representation of the lower lip towards the hand region contralateral to the amputation side but no shift for the toe representation. In healthy controls, no significant hemispheric differences between the cortical representation of the digits, lower lip or first toe were found. Phantom phenomena were absent in the congenital but extensive in the traumatic amputees. These data confirm the assumption that congenital absence of a limb does not lead to cortical reorganization or phantom limbs whereas traumatic amputations that are accompanied by phantom limb pain show shifts of the cortical areas adjacent to the amputation zone towards the representation of the deafferented body part.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00122.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cigarette smoking, blood lipids, and baroreceptor-modulated nociception (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 110 (1993), S. 337-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pain ; Baroreceptor stimulation ; PRES ; Smoking ; Nicotine ; Blood lipid levels ; Cholesterol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Activation of arterial blood pressure has been shown to influence higher central nervous activity. In animals, induction of sleep-like states and increases of seizure and pain thresholds in response to baroreceptor stimulation have been reported. In certain human groups, mechanical stimulation of the carotid baroreceptors also increases pain thresholds. The present paper examines the hypothesis that smokers show baroreceptor dependent antinociception as compared to non-smokers. It is speculated that one effect which rewards smoking is the nicotine induced phasic blood pressure increase which leads to baroreceptor stimulation and dampens pain perception. One hundred and twenty subjects were investigated using a recently developed mechanical baroreceptor stimulation technique and an electrical pain stimulus. The group of heavy smokers showed the predicted effect: their pain thresholds were enhanced during conditions of increased baroreceptor activity as compared to the control condition. The group of medium, light and non-smokers, however, did not show this effect. Neither blood lipid levels nor diastolic or systolic blood pressure paralleled the group differences on baroreceptor dependent antinociception. In heavy smokers, the nicotine induced phasic blood pressure increase might have baroreceptor dependent pain dampening effects, which might be among the reinforcing qualities of smoking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02251290
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Psychophysiologie des Feuerlaufes (1977)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 223 (1977), S. 309-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Pyrovasy ; Psychogenic hypalgesia and analgesia ; Dermatophysiology ; Tachypody ; Pyrovasie ; Psychogene Hypalgesie und Analgesie ; Dermatophysiologie ; Tachypodie (Lauftechnik)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Am Beispiel der Pyrovasie (Feuerlaufen) wurden psychophysiologische Prozesse, die mögliche „paranormale“ menschliche Leistungsfähigkeit sowie damit in Zusammenhang stehende naturwissenschaftliche Prinzipien untersucht. Einleitend wird im Rahmen einer Feldstudie der historische Hintergrund und der kultische Charakter der Pyrovasie als Unverletzlichkeitsritus geschildert. 2. Der psychophysische Ablauf der Zeremonie des Feuerlaufes wurde in einer griechischen Gemeinde an vier griechischen Feuerläufern neurologisch und psychiatrisch mit polygraphischen Ableitungen untersucht. 3. Es zeigten sich keine pathognostisch relevanten Ergebnisse. In einem thermophysikalischen Laborexperiment wurden die Bedingungen der Pyrovasie nachträglich stimuliert. Aufgrund aller Untersuchungsergebnisse ließ sich die Hypothese bestätigen, daß das Feuerlaufen im Bereich der menschlichen Leistungsfähigkeit liegt. 4. Die multifaktoriell erklärbare Hypalgesie während der Pyrovasie beruht u. a. auf einer psychogenen Komponente mit spezifischen Auswirkungen auf die physikalische Temperaturregulation und einer besonderen Lauftechnik.
    Notes: Summary 1. Using the model of pyrovasy (fire walking) we investigated human psychophysiologic processes, possible ‘paranormal’ human efficiency, and the scientific principles connected with the latter. The introduction is a field study description of the historical background and the cultic character of pyrovasy as a religious rite of invulnerability. 2. The psychophysical process during the ceremony of fire walking was investigated neurologically and psychiatrically with polygraphic recordings from four Greek fire walkers in a Greek village. 3. We did not find any pathognostically relevant results. The conditions of pyrovasy were also simulated in a thermophysical laboratory experiment. All results of the investigation support the hypothesis that fire walking lies within the scope of human efficiency. 4. The hypalgesia experienced during pyrovasy has, among other things, a psychologic component with specific effects on the physical regulation of temperature, and is also partly due to a special technique of walking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346508
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallorganische Verbindungen, XLI Reaktionen der Aluminiumtrialkyle mit Kohlendioxyd und Schwefeldioxyd (1960)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 629 (1960), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bei der Einwirkung von Kohlendioxyd auf Aluminiumtrialkyle können je nach den Bedingungen 1) Trialkylcarbinole, 2) 1 Mol und 3) 2 Mol Carbonsäure erhalten werden. Auch bei der ersten Reaktion wird ähnlich wie bei der zweiten nur eine Al - C-Valenz ausgenutzt. Durch Nachoxydation im Falle 2) sind zusätzlich 2 Mol Alkohol zu gewinnen. SO2 liefert mit allen drei Al - C-Bindungen Sulfinsäuren, insbesondere wenn man nach dem Prinzip der „umgekehrten Reaktionsführung“ arbeitet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19606290119
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Borverbindungen, VIIIVII. Mitteilung: R. Köster, G. Griaznov, W. Larbig und P. Binger, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 672, 1 (1964). Pyrolyse von Alkyl- und Cycloalkylboranen (1965)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 682 (1965), S. 21-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Beim Erhitzen von Trialkylboranen auf 200° und höher erhält man je nach Art und Länge der Alkylreste organische Borverbindungen verschiedener Struktur. Die Dehydroborierung (Bildung von B-H-Verbindungen) ist der eigentlichen pyrolytischen Umwandlung vorgelagert. Die Zusammensetzung der entstehenden Alken-Gemische wird erläutert. Trialkylborane mit kleinen Alkylresten liefern infolge C-C-Spaltung im wesentlichen Methylborane. Aus Alkylboranen mit mittleren und langen Alkylgruppen erhält man unter Alken- und Wasserstoff-abspaltung monocyclische sowie bicyclische Borverbindungen. Cycloalkylborane wandeln sich in Bor-Heterocyclen mit endo-Bor-Atomen um. Präparativ ist die Pyrolyse zur Darstellung bestimmter Bor-Heterocyclen gut geeignet. - Bei fortschreitender Pyrolyse äthylierter Diborane konnten als Reaktionsprodukte auch Organocarborane nachgewiesen werden.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19656820103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metallorganische Verbindungen, XXXII Zerfalls- und Austauschreaktionen der Aluminiumtrialkyle (1960)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 629 (1960), S. 53-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19606290108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Borverbindungen, VIIVI. Mitteilung: R. Köster und K. Iwasaki, Advances Chemistry Series 42, 148 (1964) vgl. Boron-Nitrogen-Symposium Durham N. C./U.S.A., April 1963, Preprints of Papers S. 123.. Organische Borverbindungen durch Hydroborierung olefinischer Kohlenwasserstoffe mit Alkyldiboranen (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 672 (1964), S. 1-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wird über die Hydroborierung olefinischer Kohlenwasserstoffe (Alkene, Cycloalkene, Diene, Cyclodiene, Cyclotriene, halogenierte Olefine) mit verschiedenen Alkyldiboranen (z. B. “Tetra-[alkyl-(1)]-diborane”, “Tetra-[sek.-alkyl]-diborane”, Bis-borolane) berichtet2,3). Dabei wird auch die relative Geschwindigkeit der Anlagerung von Tetra-[propyl-(1)]-diboran bzw. dessen Additionsverbindung mit Triäthylamin an verschiedenartige C=C-Bindungen gemessen.-Eine präparative Methode zur Herstellung definierter bororganischer Verbindungen (z. B. Tri-[alkyl-(1)]-borane, Trialkenylborane, B-Alkyl-boracyclane, halogenierte Trialkylborane) wird beschrieben.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19646720102
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