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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 312 (June 2006), p. 9-14 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An advanced finite-element model for the complete failure process of a double notched specimen with crack tip blunting caused by yielding and subsequent crack propagation is used for the simulation of realistic specimens. Cracks in a homogeneous material and bimaterial cracks are studied. The calculated load-displacement curves show generally the shape known from experiments and theoretical considerations. The simulation allows determination of a working rangeof set up parameters like geometry, test speed or clamping conditions.The numerical model simulates crack propagation on the basis of a criterion which is similar to the energy release rate. The essential work of interfacial fracture method provides a method to determine the fracture toughness from load-displacement curves. This method is well suited to check the numerical simulation because both use an energy based failure criterion. If applied to simulated load-displacement curves the resulting essential work of interfacial fracture shoulddirectly match the fracture criterion used as input for the simulation.In fact, the data reduction of the simulated curves results in values for the fracture toughness that almost perfectly match the input values of the simulation. This agreement is a strong argument for the consistency of the simulation and the data reduction scheme
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 267-271 
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: Interlaminar shear strength ; Curved samples
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract To assess the bonding quality between the different layers of composite rings fabricated by filament winding it is necessary to choose a useful shear test. A method for measuring the shear strength of thin curved samples is proposed herein. Stress distribution within the probe is calculated and evaluated by finite element method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 395-400 
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastics ; delamination toughness ; curved samples ; finite element analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The curved double cantilever beam (CDCB) test is a method used to characterize mode I delamination toughness of curved composite materials, fabricated by filament winding technology. A finite element model for this geometry is presented, that takes into consideration nonlinear deformational effects, orthotropic material properties and local mixed mode load at crack-tip. It can be used as the theoretical basis for analysis of experimental results. Especially for long cracks, compliant materials and thin samples large deflection should not become neclected in the modelling. In spite of its highly unsymmetrical geometry the crack tip loading state proved to be nearly pure mode I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1995), S. 333-336 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mechanics of composite materials 34 (1998), S. 309-320 
    ISSN: 1573-8922
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between adhesion and bond strength in thin fiber-polymer matrix systems was studied. Adhesive interaction in composite materials was analyzed within the scope of thermodynamic and molecular-kinetic theories of adhesion. Methods based on wetting are shown to give poor estimation of the work of adhesion in fiber-polymer systems, which is due to their low sensibility to donor-acceptor interactions taking place at the interface. Important information about the acidity and basicity of contacting surfaces can be obtained by using inverse gas chromatography to investigate the thermodynamics of adsorption. The calculation of the work of adhesion including acid-base interactions shows the best agreement with the bond strength in the same systems. The local (ultimate) interfacial shear strength is proposed to characterize the quality of fiber-matrix bonding. Analysis of the relationship between the work of adhesion and adhesive pressure for various systems allowed us to differentiate the dispersive and acid-base components of the local bond strength as well as to estimate distances characteristic of these two Types of interaction. For dispersive forces, our estimation gives 7–8Å, i.e., of an order of magnitude of the center-to-center distance for van der Waals interactions. At the same time, the acid-base Interactions have a characteristic range of 4–5Å and can be attributed to hydrogen bonding. The agreement between the calculated distances and literature data is evidence for the applicability of the proposed method to the analysis of the adhesive interaction in fibrous polymer composites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 14-24 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Computation of Fracture-Mechanical Parameters for Specimens with Elastic Anisotropic Properties by Finite-Element TechniqueA method for direct calculation of the different mode m stress intensity factors Km from the crack tip stress- or deformation fields of a finite element model is proposed that is suitable especially for linear elastic, anisotropic materials. The practical aim of the investigation was to get a procedure to split experimental results for mixed mode energy release rate, Gsum, into the the parts Gm of the pure modes m. This problem will raise for instance in the experimental characterization of delamination behaviour of fibrereinforced polymer composites with complicated sample geometries.The method is tested and the accuracy of the results is compared with well established solutions for the „double-cantilever-bea“ (DCB-) specimen.
    Notes: Eine Methode zur direkten Bestimmung der Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren Km aus den Rißspitzennahfeldern eines FE-Modells wird vorgestellt, die insbesondere für langfaserverstärkte Kunststoffverbunde mit linear elastischen, orthotropen Eigenschaften geeignet ist.Als Beispiel wird mit dem Verfahren eine Double-Cantilever-Beam (DCB) Probengeometrie untersucht, die zur Charakterisierung des interlaminaren Mode-I-Versagensverhaltens faserverstärkter Kunststoffmaterialien oft verwendet wird. Die Ergebnisse für den Spannungsintensitätsfaktor KI werden mit auf anderem Wege(Energiefreisetzungsrate GI) indirekt erhaltenen Werten für KI verglichen.Für Probleme mit bruchmechanischer „mixed-mode“-Belastung ermöglicht die vorgestellte Methode eine getrennte Bestimmung der Anteile der einzelnen Moden m für die bruchmechanischen Kenngrößen Spannungsintensitätsfaktor Km und Energiefreisetzungsrate Gm für anisotrope Materialien.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 465-474 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Characterisation of the delamination behaviour of thermoplastic UD-composites made by different hybrid yarn structuresIn order to determine delamination behaviour of glass-fibre-reinforced polyamid composites the compression shear test and the DCB (Double Cantilever Beam)-, SEN- and NBT-test for mode-I- and the ENF (End Notched Flexure)-test for mode II-loading were used.By these tests the energy release rate G respectively K and the R cure (crack resistance curve) have been measured which characterise the crack resistance of the material against delamination.The composites were made by different hybrid yarn structures produced by air texturing (commingled yarn: COM), side-by-side arrangement (SBS), friction spinning (FS), Kemafil (KEM)- and Schappe(SCH)-technology. The influence of different glass fibre sizings was investigated.The results demonstrate the significant influence of different hybrid yarn structures and glass fibre coatings on fracture thoughness during crack propagation along the fibre/matrix interface. The best values were obtained for composites produced on the basis of commingled yarn structure.
    Notes: Zur Charakterisierung der Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Delamination und Rißfortschritt wurde an thermoplastischen UD-Verbunden, die aus unterschiedlichen Hybridgarnstrukturen hergestellt worden sind, die Druckscherfestigkeit sowie interlaminare Bruch-zähigkeit mittels „Double Cantilever Beam“-Test (DCB), „Single Edge Notched“-Test (SEN) und „Notched Bending“-Test (NBT) für Mode I-Belastung und dem „End Notched Flexure“-Test (ENF) für Mode II-Belastung untersucht. Die Hybridgarnstrukturen unterscheiden sich ihrer Herstellugstechnologie entsprechend in der Anordnung der Verstärkungs-und thermoplastischen Matrixfilamente im Garn. In die Untersuchungen einbezogen wurden außerdem Verbunde mit unterschiedlicher Grenzschichtgestaltung. Ermittelt wurden die kritischen Energiefreisetzungstraten Gc bzw. die kritischen Spannungsintensitätsfaktoren Kc und für Mode I-Belastung die entsprechenden Rißausbreitungskurven, die die interlaminare Rißausbreitung charakterisieren. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit der lufttexturierten Hybridgarnstruktur erreicht.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 27 (1996), S. 502-507 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Test Method for a Fracture Mechanical Characterization of the Delamination of Curved Composite MaterialsThe deformation and fraction of the ‘Curved-Double-Cantilever-Beam’-Specimen are investigated with a finite element analysis by a macroscopic, fracture mechanics approach. This test is used to characterize the delamination thoughness of curved thermoplastic composite samples, manufactured by a filament winding technology. The interpretation of the experiments is complicated by the samples curved geometry, large deflection and fracture-mechanical mixed-mode-conditions. No particular deformational model for this geometry has been known until now. The presented finite element analysis provides a reliable basis for the estimation of the critical debonding energy release rate Gc from the experimental results. For this purpose a simple, empirical data reduction scheme could be confirmed, though the sample shows a nonlinear deformation that cannot be satisfactory described by closed mathematical expressions. In spite of the asymmetrical geometry and loading of the CDCB-test, the mode-II-contribution of the loading emerged to e negligible for a central position of the crack plane with regard to specimen thickness. But significant mode-II-contributions occur for even small deviations of the crack position from the specimens middle-plane. The real loading state in the CDCB-experiments will therefore be ruled by mixed mode conditions, rarely to judge. The theoretical investigation is complemented with an experimental study for glass-fibre/polyamid 6 samples.
    Notes: Ausgehend von einer makroskopischen, bruchmechanischen Betrachtung werden die Deformation und das Delaminationsversagen beim, ‚Curved Double Cantilever Beam Test mit‘ einem Finite-Elemente-Modell untersucht. Dieser Test wird zur Charakterisierung des Delaminationswiderstandes von gekrümmten Probekörpern aus faserverstärkten Verbundwerkstoffen eingesetzt, die z. B. im Resultat einer Wickeltechnologie entstehen. Die Interpretation der experimentellen Ergebnisse wird für diesen Test durch verschiedene Faktoren erschwert, wie z. B. gekrümmte Probengeometrie, Auftreten Starker Deformationen und brchmechanischer, ‚Mixed-Mode‘-Belastungen. Aufgrund dieser Schwierigkeiten konnte bisher kein spezielles Deformationsmodell für den Versuch angegeben werden. Die vorgestellte Finite-Elemente-Modellierung liefert die Basis für die Ermittlung der kritischen Energiefreisetzungsrate Gc der Delamination aus dem CDCB-Test. Es kann gezeigt werden, daß ein einfaches, jedoch hinreichend genaues empirisches Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Gc aus den experimentellen Resultaten existiert, obwohl die Deformation der Probe nichtlinear ist und aufgrund der wirkenden Scherdeformationen auch mit aufwendigen analytischen Modellen nicht befriedigend beschrieben werden kann. Trotz der unsymmetrischen Geometrie der CDCB-Probe ist der Mode-II-Anteil der Belastung bei mittiger Lage der Rißebene in der Probe vernachlässigbar. Allerdings ergeben sich bei bereits geringen Abweichungen der Rißlage von der Mittelebene der Probe starke Mode-II-Beiträge. In der Praxis muß daher vom Auftreten schwierig einschätzbarer ‚Mixed-Mode‘-Situationen bei der Delamination ausgegangen werden. Die theoretische Untersuchung wird durch experimentelle Ergebnisse an Glasfaser/Polyamid 6-Proben uuntersetzt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 407-416 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Optimation of semi-finished products and application of thermoplastic filament windingWith an experimental, PC-controlled filament winding device (for thermoplastic materials) unidirectional semi-finished products (commingled yarns) are manufactured into long-fiber reinforced composites. The aim is to optimize this technology through the parameters of the hybrid yarns used. As reinforcing materials glass and carbon fibers and as matrix materials PA6 and PP are used.The influence of (glass fiber) size, glass fiber content, yarn type, structure and thickness of the hybrid yarn, as well as the type of reinforcing fibers are determined in the ring tensile test and the interlaminar shear test. The structure of the composite was investigated by REM, GPC, DSC and WAXS.Examples of a successful combination of long-fiber reinforced filament wound structures and the injection moulding technology are available.
    Notes: Auf einer labormäßgen, PC-gesteuerten Thermoplastwickelanlage werden unidirektionale Halbzeuge (Hybridgarne) zu langfaserverstärkten Verbunden verarbeitet. Dabei wird eine Optimierung des Verfahrens über die Halbzeugparameter der verwendeten Hybridgarne angestrebt. Als Verstärkungsmaterial kommen Glas-bzw. Kohlefasern und als Matrixwerkstoff PA6 und PP zum Einsatz.Im Ringzugversuch und im interlaminaren Scherversuch werden die Einflüsse der Glasfaserschlichte, des Glasfasergehaltes, der Hybridgarnstruktur und -stärke, des Garntyps Sowie der Art der Verstärkungsfasern auf die Verbundeigenschaften untersucht. Die Verbundstruktur wird mit Hilfe der Verfahren REM, GPC, DSC und WAXS charakterisiert.Erfolgreiche Anwendungsbeispiele für die Kombination von langfaserverstärkten Wickelstrukturen mit der Spritzgußtechnik liegen vor.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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