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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular junctions in perifollicular contractile tissue of the rat ovary during the preovulatory period (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 219 (1981), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary (rat) ; Intermediate junctions ; Gap junctions ; Theca externa ; Ovulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat ovarian perifollicular contractile tissue was examined at specified intervals prior to ovulation to determine the type, relative number, and length of cellular junctions. Rat ovaries were taken for electron-microscopic observation at 1500 h on the afternoon of proestrus (proestrus 0-h group), at 2000 h (proestrus 5 h group), at 0100 h (proestrus 10-h group) and at 1600 h on the afternoon of diestrus I. Close junctions, intermediate junctions, and gap junctions were counted and measured. The number of gap junctions 1,000 μm of membrane and the number of intermediate junctions 1,000 μm of membrane was significantly higher in the proestrus 10 h group as compared to the other groups. There was no difference in the number of close junctions during the periods studied. Also the length of all junctions was similar in all groups. These morphological findings are discussed in the context of a contractile role for perifollicular tissue in the ovulatory process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210023
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of rat ovarian interstitial gland cells during pregnancy (1977)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 184 (1977), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary (Rat) ; Pregnancy ; Interstitial gland ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the interstitial gland of the rat ovary was studied at estrus and on Days 4, 6, 10, 14 and 18 of pregnancy. At estrus, ovarian interstitial cells have small nuclei with dense irregular clumps of heterochromatin. Mitochondria are small and rod-shaped and have predominantely lamellar cristae. Numerous osmiophilic lipid droplets are present. At Days 4 and 6, nuclear heterochromatin is reduced, and nucleoli are larger and complex. Mitochondria are enlarged and often bizarre-shaped and have tubular cristae. Golgi and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are more conspicuous. At Day 10, prominent ultrastructural features include nuclei with conspicuous heterochromatin, smaller mitochondria with both lamellar and tubular cristae, numerous ribosomes and lipid droplets with decreased osmiophilia. At Days 14 and 18, nuclei have increased heterochromatin, mitochondria are small and have lamellated cristae and an increase in the size and number of lipid droplets occurs. These observations suggest that steroidogenic activity of interstitial cells is highest during the first half of pregnancy and regresses during the last half. It is suggested that the interstitial gland is an important ovarian source of pregnancy hormone(s) during the first half of gestation and that LH may modulate steroidogenic activity in this ovarian component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223064
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ovarian sympathectomy in the guinea pig (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 593-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ovary ; Adrenergic nerves ; Follicle growth ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The role of ovarian adrenergic nerves in follicular growth was studied in prepubertal guinea pigs by determining the effect of sympathectomy on 1) follicle populations and 2) follicular development following exogenous gonadotropin administration. Selective unilateral ovarian sympathectomy was achieved by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into a surgically closed periovarian bursa on day 20 postpartum. The contralateral surgically closed ovarian bursa was injected with the vehicle used for 6-hydroxydopamine. On day 25, animals were injected with pregnant mare serum or saline followed by human chorionic gonadotropin or saline 48 h later. All animals were laparotomized on day 28 and blood from utero-ovarian veins was collected bilaterally for androstenedione determination. Ovaries were processed for morphometric analysis of follicles. The sympathectomized ovary in saline-injected animals had a significant decrease in preantral follicles (characterized by ≤2 layers of granulosa cells without antrum formation), an increase in 310–500 μm diameter atretic follicles and an increase in follicles ≥700 um compared to the contralateral control ovary. There were no differences in androstenedione levels from the two sides, ovarian weights or the total number of follicles per ovary. Neither ovary had corpora lutea. The sympathectomized ovary in animals injected with gonadotropins was not different from the contralateral ovary in any of the parameters measured. Both control and sympathectomized ovaries had newly formed corpora lutea in response to the exogenous gonadotropins. These results suggest that ovarian adrenergic nerves normally participate in follicular development in the prepubertal guinea pig. However, exogenous gonadotropins may override neural influences on the prepubertal ovary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217227
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the cells of the ovarian interstitial gland in hypophysectomized rats (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysectomy ; Interstitial gland ; Ultrastructure ; Innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the interstitial gland of the ovary was studied in hypophysectomized rats and in hypophysectomized rats after denervation of the ovary or stimulation of the ovarian plexus. Hypophysectomized rats were used to eliminate gonadotropic influences on interstitial cells. In hypophysectomized rats, there was a large amount of intercellular space and cells had irregularly shaped nuclei and a large nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Prominent cytoplasmic features included small mitochondria with an electron-dense matrix, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes and large osmiophilic lipid droplets. Interstitial cells from stimulated ovaries had reduced intercellular space and a reduced nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. Mitochondria had tubular cristae; smooth endoplasmic reticulum-surrounded lipid droplets, and large polysomes were present. After section of the ovarian plexus, intercellular space was increased and filopodia were numerous. Cytoplasmic features included mitochondria with a dense matrix and indistinct cristae, large electronlucent lipid droplets, and variously sized multivesicular structures. These observations suggest that stimulation of the ovarian plexus in hypophysectomized rats causes regressed cells to assume the fine structural features of active steroidogenic cells. In contrast, interruption of the ovarian nerve supply causes a qualitative and quantitative increase in ultrastructural features characteristic of regressed steroidogenic cells. These responses of interstitial gland cells to denervation and stimulation provide morphological evidence for a functional role for the adrenergic nerves to this ovarian compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225341
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of pelvic neurectomy on collagen in the cervix of the pseudopregnant rat (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 210 (1984), S. 575-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bilateral section of the pelvic parasympathetic nerves (pelvicneurectomy) on day 5 of pseudopregnancy had no effect on the wet weight of ovaries, uteri, and/or cervices, but at day 9 serum progesterone was reduced to approximately half that of sham-operated animals. Collagen in the cervix was visualized with picrosirius red staining under polarization microscopy. Pelvic neurectomy decreased the birefringence of Type 1 collagen in the cervix to less than half that of sham operated animals. The decreased birefringence, an index of the organization of collagen fibers, is believed to be attributable to reduced progesterone levels. Alternatively, the pelvic nerve may directly influence mucopolysaccharides or collagenolytic enzymes in the cervix.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092100405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of vagotomy on compensatory ovarian hypertrophy and follicular activation after unilateral ovariectomy (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 214 (1986), S. 61-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Following unilateral ovariectomy in the rat, the remaining ovary undergoes rapid compensatory changes including an increase in the number of antral follicles (follicular activation) and an increase in ovarian weight (compensatory ovarian hypertrophy). The ovary is innervated by the vagus nerve (Burden et al., 1983). In the present study, the effects of right and left cervical vagotomy and abdominal vagotomy on follicular activation and compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in the remaining right or left ovary were compared 15 days after unilateral ovariectomy. Neither right nor left cervical vagotomy affected compensatory ovarian hypertrophy of the right or left ovaries but abdominal vagotomy depressed compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in both the right and left ovaries. Left cervical vagotomy did not inhibit follicular activation, but right cervical vagotomy prevented follicular activation in the right but not left ovary. Also, abdominal vagotomy inhibited follicular activation in the right but not the left ovary. In animals with both ovaries which were subjected to the left or right cervical vagotomy or abdominal vagotomy follicular counts in both right and left ovaries were similar. Collectively, these data indicate that the vagus nerve participates in follicular activation after unilateral ovariectomy. The data also indicate that the right ovary is more dependent on vagal influences for follicular activation than the left ovary.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092140110
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies on the acetylcholinesterase-positive nerves in the ovary of the rat (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 190 (1978), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adrenergic and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive nerves were studied in the rat ovary four days after various experimental denervation procedures. Ablation of pelvic parasympathetic nerves (pelvic neurectomy [PN]) or abdominal vagotomy (AV) had no obvious affect on the adrenergic or AChE-positive nerves in the ovary. Section of the mesovarium resulted in the loss of all histochemically demonstrable adrenergic and AChE-positive nerves. Chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HD) resulted in the loss of all histo-chemically demonstrable adrenergic nerves. A few AChE-positive nerves remained in the hilar and medullary regions following chemical sympathectomy. When the presumptive parasympathectomy procedures (AV and PN) were combined with chemical sympathectomy, again no adrenergic nerves remained, however a few hilar and medullary AChE-positive fibers persisted after sympathec-tomy plus PN, but no AChE-positive fibers were demonstrable in the AV plus 6-HD group.These findings show that most of the AChE in ovarian nerves is localized in adrenergic nerves. It is suggested that the few AChE-positive fibers remaining in the ovarian hilar area after 6-HD treatment or 6-HD plus PN are derived from the vagus. These few AChE-positive nerves may be postganglionic vagal parasympathetic or they may be sensory fibers.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091900207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of the extrinsic adrenergic innervation to the rat ovary (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cutting the suspensory ligament reduced the ovarian content of norepinephrine (NE) to less than half that of controls and only a few blood vessels had perivascular fibers and an occasional nerve remained in the interstitial gland. Cutting the ovarian plexus had a less drastic, but similar effect on the ovarian content of NE and on the pattern of ovarian adrenergic nerves. Cutting both the suspensory ligament and ovarian plexus eliminated visualization of ovarian adrenergic nerves, but some ovarian NE was still measurable. Fluorescence and electron microscopic studies of the suspensory liagament revealed a large adrenergic nerve embedded in smooth muscle of the ligament. The nerve was also acetylcholinesterase-positive. Cutting the celiac plexus or incising a small nerve lateral to the plexus and medial to the origin of the suspensory ligament, had the same effect on the ovarian adrenergic nerves as cutting the suspensory ligament. It is concluded that the extrinsic adrenergic nerves to the rat ovary reach the organ by two routes: one via the nerve in the suspensory ligament (superior ovarian nerve), and one via the traditionally described ovarian plexus along the ovarian artery.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gap junctions in the myometrium of pelvic-neurectomized rats with blocked parturition (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 156 (1979), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were laparotomized on days 8-10 and sham-operated (S) or subjected to bilateral section of the pelvic parasympathetic nerves (pelvic neurectomy (PN)). Both S and PN animals were allowed to go to term and the time of delivery was recorded. Eight of ten S animals delivered on the afternoon of day 22 and two delivered on the morning of day 23. Pelvic neurectomy blocked parturition in five rats autopsied on day 24, and five rats autopsied on day 26. On these days the PN animals had full-term fetuses; live on day 24, but dead on day 26. In a second study, the fine structure of the myometrium of S and PN pregnant rats was examined during the parturient period for the presence of gap junctions. Gap junctions were present between myometrial smooth muscle cells of the S group during delivery and in the PN group on days 23, 24, and 25, in the absence of delivery. There was a significant increase (p 〈 0.05) in the number of gap junctions on day 23 in the PN animals. There was no difference in the length of gap junctions in the different groups. These observations indicate that the parturition block characteristic of PN animals is not attributable to the failure of gap junction formation between smooth muscle cells. Apparently, the nervi erigentes participate in the orchestration of events terminating in parturition, but their specific role remains an enigma.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001560111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of biogenic amines in early rat development (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 136 (1973), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat ova, zygotes, and (2- to 4-cell) embryos were processed for the fluorescence demonstration of catecholamines and serotonin. Specific endogenous fluorescence, characteristic of catecholamines, was observed in all stages studied. The endogenous fluorescence was intensified by incubation in serotonin or norepinephrine. These observations suggest a role for biogenic amines in early mammalian cleavage, similar to that previously reported in invertebrates.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001360210
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