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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence and predictors of atopy among young Danish adults (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  The prevalence of atopic diseases is increasing in western countries, and environmental exposures in childhood may influence development of atopic sensitization.Objective  To investigate the prevalence and predictors of atopy among young Danish adults.Methods  Of 940 invited subjects, aged 19–29 years, complete data were obtained from 525 (56%) subjects. All completed a questionnaire concerning asthma, rhinitis, preschool nursery care, smoking habits, family size, education and employment. A skin prick test was performed, and pulmonary function was measured using standard techniques. Atopy was defined as a positive skin prick test.Results  The frequency of atopy was 32% (males 43% vs. females 23%, P 〈 0.001). We found a positive association between atopy and atopic dermatitis (P 〈 0.05), rhinitis (P 〈 0.001), itching when eating nuts (P 〈 0.001) and current asthma (P 〈 0.001). There was an inverse relation between atopy and having furred pets in childhood (P 〈 0.05), passive smoking in childhood (P 〈 0.01) and current passive smoking (P 〈 0.05). An increasing number of siblings was inversely related to atopy to grass (P 〈 0.05); however, only an increasing number of older siblings seemed to protect from atopy to grass (P 〈 0.05). Subjects who had never attended a day-care centre had significantly more atopy to grass (P 〈 0.05). No significant association was found between atopy and airway infections requiring hospitalization before the age of 5 years, or between atopy and bedroom sharing in childhood.Conclusion  Atopy is common among young Danish adults, especially in males. Participants were less likely to be atopic, especially to grass allergen, if they came from large families, had kept furred pets as children, and had been exposed to tobacco smoke.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0954-7894.2002.01326.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence and predictors of rhinitis in Danish children and adolescents (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The prevalence of self-reported symptoms of allergic rhinitis is increasing in many countries, but the reasons for this trend are not well understood. Data from a 6-year follow-up study of a population sample of children and adolescents (n=408), aged 7–17 years at enrolment in 1986, were analyzed to investigate the prevalence and predictors of self-reported rhinitis. Methods: Case history was used to assess the presence or absence of rhinitis (sneezing and running or blocked nose not associated with a cold), asthma, and eczema. Pulmonary function, skin prick test reactivity, and airway responsiveness to histamine were measured in all participants; a screening test for IgE antibodies to common allergens (Magic Lite SQ, Allergy Screen, ALK, Denmark) was performed in 237 (58%) of the participants. Results: The point prevalence of rhinitis increased from the first to the second survey, 14% and 22%, respectively; 54 (13%) of the subjects reported rhinitis only at the second survey (new rhinitis). Confining the analysis to participants without symptoms of rhinitis at the first survey showed that self-reported eczema (relative risk [RR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–4.7), airway hyperresponsiveness (RR 2.5, CI 1.8–3.0), atopy to grass pollen (RR 2.6, CI 1.7–3.3), atopy to dog dander (RR 2.4, CI 1.6–3.3), and atopy to house-dust mite (RR 2.7, CI 1.4–5.2) at the first survey predicted an increased risk of the presence of rhinitis at the second survey. A positive Allergy Screen test at enrollment was associated with an increased risk of self-reported rhinitis at follow-up (RR 2.4, CI 1.4–3.4). Conclusions: This longitudinal population study of children and adolescents showed an age-related increase in the point prevalence of self-reported rhinitis; furthermore, sensitization to common aeroallergens, airway hyperresponsiveness, and the presence of self-reported eczema were significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent development of rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00630.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paradoxical inhibition of insulin secretion by glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes ; Hyperglycaemic clamp ; paradoxical beta-cell response ; insulin secretion ; C-peptide secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In young healthy individuals, an i.v. glucose bolus leads to an immediate increase in plasma insulin, whereas in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients this early response is diminished, lacking or even negative. In the present study, we sought to determine whether negative responses were also present during square-wave glucose stimulation (transition from 18 to 25 mM), whether they represented a decrease in beta-cell secretion, whether they were accompanied by an altered response to arginine (5 gl-arginine bolus), and whether they were a consequence of ageing rather than of diabetes. A group of 12 patients (aged 53±2 years, mean±SE) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (D) and 12 matched healthy controls (C; aged 47±1 years) were evaluated twice at an interval of 3 months. Other baseline values were body mass index (BMI) 28±1 (D) and 26±1 (C) kg/m2, fasting C-peptide 0.85±0.12 (D) and 0.92±0.10(C) nmol/l, and fasting P-glucose 12.3±0.9 (D) and 5.8±0.1 (C) mM,P〈0.05. Paradoxical responses (a decrease of two or more times the SD of the analysis within 15 min of increasing the glucose concentration) were seen in five diabetic patients for insulin (22±8%) and in nine diabetic patients for C-peptide (13±3%), but never in the healthy controls. Plasma glucose increased and protein decreased similarly, whether the responses were paradoxical or not. Paradoxial responses were reproduced after three months. Responses to arginine did not correlate with responses to glucose. In summary, in contrast to healthy matched controls, 40–75% of non-insulin-dependent diabetics show a marked initial decrease in beta-cell secretion upon square-wave glucose stimulation. This is probably specific to glucose stimulation, as it did not occur in response to arginine stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A follow-up study of pulmonary function in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (1990)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 10 (1990), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Primary Sjögren's syndrome ; Pulmonary diffusion capacity ; Maximal expiratory flow ; Pulmonary interstitial disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-seven patients (25 women, 2 men) with primary Sjögren's syndrome, previously reported to have reduced pulmonary diffusing capacities were reexamined in a 7-year follow-up in order to evaluate longitudinal alterations in pulmonary function. Primary Sjögren's syndrome was diagnosed according to the Copenhagen criteria. The present examination revealed normal and unchanged values for vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximal expiratory flow at 50% of expired vital capacity (MEF50), and diffusing capacity per liter alveolar volume. Total diffusing capacity (P〈0.01) and MEF75 (P〈0.05), were, however, significantly reduced compared with the predicted values, indicating pulmonary involvement primarily affecting the small airways. The longitudinal examination, furthermore, showed increasing values for total diffusing capacity (P〈0.02), diffusing capacity per liter alveolar volume (P〈0.001), and MEF75 (P〈0.02), suggesting an improvement in lung status in the course of time. No correlation was found between MEF75 and diffusing capacities, nor between alterations in pulmonary function and complaints of dyspnoea, tiredness, cough, expectoration, tobacco smoking, or medical treatment with bromhexine, glucocorticosteroids, essential fatty acids, or nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02274782
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An 8-year follow-up study of pulmonary function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1994)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 14 (1994), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis ; Pulmonary function ; Follow-up study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To evaluate longitudinal alterations in pulmonary function, 63 patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with previously reported reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity were re-examined in an 8-year follow-up study. Cross-sectional examination revealed normal values for vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and diffusing capacity per litre alveolar volume (KCO). Total diffusing capacity (DLCO; P〉0.0001), maximal expiratory flow at 75% of expired VC (MEF 75; P〉0.0001) and MEF 50 (P〉0.01) were decreased. Longitudinal evaluation revealed unchanged MEF50, MEF75 and FEV1, whereas increases in DLCO (P〉0.0001) and KCO (P〉0.0001) and a decrease in VC (P〉0.05) were found. The longitudinal changes in diffusing capacity were unrelated to patient age, disease duration, disease activity in the study period or pulmonary function at the first examination. Thus, in patients suffering from RA, the most prominent functional pulmonary abnormality, decreased diffusing capacity, appeared to improve in the course of time, despite a slight decrease in VC and continued articular disease activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300812
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