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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of moderate exercise on postprandial glucose homeostasis in NIDDM patients (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 447-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin sensitivity ; physical activity ; insulin ; C-peptide ; non-esterified fatty acids; glycerol ; glucose turnover.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of exercise on glycaemia in the post-prandial state was studied for the first time in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients. Meal-induced glucose responses were followed for 8 h in 9 diet-treated patients with NIDDM. Subjects consumed a standardized breakfast and 4 h later a standardized lunch. They were studied in the resting state (control day (CD)) and on another day 45 min of bicycle exercise (53 ± 2 % V˙O 2 max (mean ± SEM)) was performed 45 min after breakfast (exercise day (ED)). On day 3 (diet day (DD)), the breakfast meal was reduced corresponding to the extra energy expenditure during the exercise period on ED. Responses were calculated as areas under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) during 4 h after either breakfast (B-AUC) or lunch (L-AUC). B-AUC for glucose was identical on ED (215 ± 63 mmol/l · 240 min) and DD (219 ± 60 mmol/l · 240 min) and on these days lower (p 〈 0.05) than on CD (453 ± 78 mmol/l · 240 min). L-AUC for glucose on CD, ED and DD did not differ significantly. B-AUCs for both insulin and C-peptide were also significantly lower on ED and DD as compared to CD (Insulin: 31337 ± 8682, 26092 ± 6457 and 47649 ± 15046 mmol/l · 240 min, respectively. C-peptide: 99 ± 19, 104 ± 26 and 195 ± 31 pmol/ml · 240 min, respectively). Rate of appearance (Ra) for glucose was unaffected by exercise whereas rate of disappearance (Rd) increased significantly. No differences in Ra or Rd were observed after lunch. In conclusion, postprandial exercise of moderate intensity decreases glycaemia and plasma insulin levels after breakfast in NIDDM patients, but this effect does not persist during and after the following lunch meal. Reduction of breakfast caloric intake has the same effect on postprandial glycaemia and insulin secretion as an equivalent exercise-induced increase in caloric expenditure. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 447–453]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050699
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of intense exercise on postprandial glucose homeostasis in Type II diabetic patients (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1282-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin sensitivity; physical activity; insulin; free fatty acids; glucose turnover.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The influence of postprandial high intensity exercise on glycaemia was studied in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. Methods. Patients who were treated by diet only (n = 8) ate a standardised breakfast and 4 h later a standardised lunch. They were studied in the resting state (control day) and on another day (exercise day) when they did intermittent exercised at high intensity after breakfast) (4 bouts including 3 min at 56.5 ± 3.9 % V˙.O2 max (means ± SEM), 4 min at 98.3 ± 5.1 % V˙.O2 max and 6 min of rest). Responses were calculated as areas under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) during 4 h after either breakfast or lunch. Results. Breakfast-AUCs for glucose, insulin and C peptide were lower (p 〈 0.05) on the exercise day compared with the control day (glucose: 538 ± 94 vs 733 ± 64 mmol · l–1· 240 min; insulin: 16 ± 4 vs 22 ± 3 pmol · ml–1· 240 min; C peptide: 143 ± 22 vs 203 ± 29 pmol · ml–1· 240 min). After breakfast glucose appearance was unaffected by exercise, whereas disappearance and clearance increased (p 〈 0.05). Muscle glycogen was diminished by exercise (p 〈 0.05). After lunch no differences were observed between experiments. Exercise-induced reductions in glucose, insulin and C peptide responses were similar (p 〉 0.05) in this study of intermittent, high intensity exercise and in a previous study of isocaloric but prolonged moderate (45 min at 53 ± 2 % V˙.O2 max) postprandial exercise. Conclusion/interpretation. Postprandial high intensity exercise does not deteriorate glucose homeostasis but reduces both glucose concentrations and insulin secretion. The effect of exercise is related to energy expenditure rather than to peak exercise intensity. Finally, postprandial exercise does not influence glucose homeostasis during a subsequent main meal. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1282–1292]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051440
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of intermittent altitude exposure to 4100 m on exercise capacity and blood variables (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 15 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: This study was performed to investigate the effects of intermittent hypoxic exposure on blood and exercise parameters. Eight sea level residents were exposed to 2 h daily stimulus to 4100 m altitude in a hypobaric chamber for a total of 14 days. Exercise performance was evaluated at sea level before and after the hypoxic stimulation. Blood samples were obtained before, during, and at time points up to 14 days after the hypoxic exposure. No changes were observed in haemoglobin, haematocrit, reticulocytes, serum transferrin receptors, or EPO levels in the blood. Submaximal cycle (150 W) ergometer exercise corresponded to a oxygen uptake of 1.9±0.1 and 1.9±0.1 L min−1 before and after the intermittent altitude exposure, respectively. At maximal exercise the workloads attained were 343±17 and 354±27 W before and after the exposure, with corresponding oxygen uptakes of 4.0±0.2 and 4.2±0.2 L min−1. It is concluded that intermittent hypoxic exposure to 4100 m altitude for 2 h daily and a total of 14 days does not affect exercise capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.405.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time course of GLUT4 and AMPK protein expression in human skeletal muscle during one month of physical training (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 13 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Endurance training elicits profound adaptations of skeletal muscle, including increased expression of several proteins. The 5′-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) may be one of these, considering the fact that acute exercise increases AMPK activity. Eight young (26 ± 1 year) lean, healthy males endurance trained one leg (while the other leg remained resting) on an ergometer bicycle for 30 min/day for four weeks (workload corresponding to ∼70% of maximal oxygen uptake). Muscle biopsies were obtained ∼18 h after the previous training session. On day eight GLUT4 protein expression was 36% higher in trained (T) compared with untrained (UT) (P 〈 0.05), but no further increase was seen at day 14 and 30 despite continuously increasing absolute workloads. Expression of AMPKα2 and actin did not change with training. In contrast, expression of AMPKα1 was 27% higher in T vs. UT muscle (P 〈 0.05) (measured only on day 30). Conclusions: GLUT4 protein expression increases substantially after seven days of endurance training with no further increase with prolonged training at progressively increasing workloads. AMPKα1 and α2 behave differently in their expression in response to endurance training. AMPKα1 protein content is increased after one month of training, while no change in AMPKα2 and actin expression was detected over the time course of the training period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0838.2003.20120.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paradoxical inhibition of insulin secretion by glucose in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes ; Hyperglycaemic clamp ; paradoxical beta-cell response ; insulin secretion ; C-peptide secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In young healthy individuals, an i.v. glucose bolus leads to an immediate increase in plasma insulin, whereas in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients this early response is diminished, lacking or even negative. In the present study, we sought to determine whether negative responses were also present during square-wave glucose stimulation (transition from 18 to 25 mM), whether they represented a decrease in beta-cell secretion, whether they were accompanied by an altered response to arginine (5 gl-arginine bolus), and whether they were a consequence of ageing rather than of diabetes. A group of 12 patients (aged 53±2 years, mean±SE) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (D) and 12 matched healthy controls (C; aged 47±1 years) were evaluated twice at an interval of 3 months. Other baseline values were body mass index (BMI) 28±1 (D) and 26±1 (C) kg/m2, fasting C-peptide 0.85±0.12 (D) and 0.92±0.10(C) nmol/l, and fasting P-glucose 12.3±0.9 (D) and 5.8±0.1 (C) mM,P〈0.05. Paradoxical responses (a decrease of two or more times the SD of the analysis within 15 min of increasing the glucose concentration) were seen in five diabetic patients for insulin (22±8%) and in nine diabetic patients for C-peptide (13±3%), but never in the healthy controls. Plasma glucose increased and protein decreased similarly, whether the responses were paradoxical or not. Paradoxial responses were reproduced after three months. Responses to arginine did not correlate with responses to glucose. In summary, in contrast to healthy matched controls, 40–75% of non-insulin-dependent diabetics show a marked initial decrease in beta-cell secretion upon square-wave glucose stimulation. This is probably specific to glucose stimulation, as it did not occur in response to arginine stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00581036
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