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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of daily and weekly precipitation sampling efficiences using automatic collectors (1985)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 24 (1985), S. 177-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Precipitation samples were collected for approximately 90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley Farm, near Raleigh, North Carolina from August 1981 through October 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers (AEROCHEM METRICS MODEL 301) were used; 4 samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6 samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods. This design was used to determine if. (1) collection efficiences of precipitation are affected by small distances between the Universal (Belfort) precipitation gage and collector; (2) measurable evaporation loss occurs and (3) pH and specific conductance of precipitation vary significantly within small distances. Average collection efficiencies were 97% for weekly sampling periods compared with the rain gage. Collection efficiencies were examined by seasons and precipitation volume. Neither factor significantly affected collection efficiency. No evaporation loss was found by comparing daily sampling to weekly sampling at the collection site, which was classified as a subtropical climate. Correlation coefficients for pH and specific conductance of daily samples and weekly samples ranged from 0.83 to 0.99.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285443
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional chemical characteristics of lakes in North America Part II: Eastern United States (1986)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 31 (1986), S. 577-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A survey of 1592 lakes ( 〉4 ha and ≤ 2,000 ha) was conducted in Fall, 1984. The study area was three regions of the eastern United States (Northeast, Upper Midwest, and Southeast) expected to contain the most lakes with acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) ≤400 μeq/L. The design of the survey provides statistically reliable estimates of the number, location and chemical characteristics of lakes in the study area. Frequency distribution statistics are presented for pH, ANC, sulfate and organic anion. The highest percentages and numbers of acidic lakes occurred in Florida, the Adirondaks, and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The highest percentages and numbers of lakes with high sulfate concentrations occurred in the Poconos/Catskills, Southern New England and Florida. The highest percentages and numbers of lakes with high organic anion concentrations occurred in Northeastern Minnesota, the Upper Great Lakes Area and Florida. The percentage of acidic lakes by sulfate concentration class revealed no discernable pattern across subregions. In contrast, the acidic lakes occur with the highest frequency in the lowest organic anion concentration class. The complex distribution of low ANC lakes cannot be explained simply by sulfate concentrations or organic acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284214
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional chemical characteristics of lakes in North America: Part I — Eastern Canada (1986)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 31 (1986), S. 551-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Data defining the major ion chemistry of lakes located in eastern Canada have been compiled for the purpose of evaluating the current status of surface water quality in relation to acidic deposition. A companion paper for lakes in the eastern United States (i.e. Part II, Linthurst et al., 1986) has been prepared also. Data sources in Canada included the National Inventory Survey, the Ontario Lake Sensitivity data set, and the National Aquatic Data base which provided an overall data base of approximately 5700 lakes. Only recently collected data (largely 1980 or later) were used in the analysis. Frequency distribution statistics were obtained for pH, acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), SO4 and organic anion (A−) concentrations. Acidic and low ANC waters in eastern Canada occur in a pattern explained by a combination of biogeochemical factors and atmospheric deposition. Nova Scotia contained the highest proportion of acidic and ultralow ANC lakes of any region surveyed in eastern North America; since this region receives approximately 20 kg.ha−1.yr−1 wet SO4 deposition, the proposed target loading may be too high to protect the highly sensitive waters of Maritime Canada. Compared to the rest of eastern Canada, lakes in Ontario have relatively high ANCs due to the influence of CaCO3 contained in the glacial till of the area. Variation in the SO4 concentration of lakes approximately follows expected gradients in wet SO4 deposition. Naturally occurring organic acids do not play a dominating role in the acidification of eastern Canadian lakes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284212
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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