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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 127 (1968), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Anatomy ; Abnormalities ; Nephrectomy ; Ureter ; Renal artery ; Renal veins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung An 77 linken und 79 rechten Nieren wurde am Hilus die Lage der Vasa renalia zum Ureter untersucht. I. In etwa der Hälfte der von uns beobachteten Fälle war der Ureter von Ästen der Nierengefäße umgeben. II. Bei 30 Nieren lagen Arterienäste als ventrale Schicht vor den Venen am Hilus. III. Bei 1/3 der Präparate lag am Hilus die klassiche ventrodorsale Reihenfolge: Vene — Arterie — Ureter vor. IV. Zweimal sahen wir an rechten Senknieren ventral der Gefäße verlaufende Harnleiter. V. Auf accessorische und aberrierende Nierenarterien wird besonders hingewiesen. VI. Eine Hufeisenniere mit seltener Isthmusversorgung wird beschrieben.
    Notes: Summary We observed the topographical course of vessels and ureter at the hilus of 156 kidneys. I. In about half of our cases ureter was surrounded by branches of renal vessels. II. In 30 cases we observed branches of renal arteries lying at the hilus ventral of the veins. III. In about 1/3 of our cases we saw at the hilus the classical sequence: Vein—Artery—Ureter. IV. We describe two right drooping kidneys with an ureter, lying at the hilus ventral of the vessels. V. Especially we refer to accessory and aberrant renal arteries. VI. We describe a horseshoe kidney with a rare vascular supply to the isthmus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 408-408 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 10 (1988), S. 145-149 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Iliohypogastric ; Ilioinguinal nerves ; Surgical incisions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le trajet des nerfs iliohypogastrique et ilioinguinal a été étudié chez 44 sujets adultes afin de préciser leurs relations avec les incisions pariétales abdominales au cours de l'appendicectomie, des cures de hernie, des césariennes et des néphrectomies par voie lombaire. Si l'un de ces nerfs est ligaturé durant la réparation pariétale, surtout après cure de hernie inguinale ou appendicectomie, on peut observer des signes d'irritation nerveuse typique dans la région inguinale. Afin d'éviter de sectionner les branches antérieures des nerfs iliohypogastrique et ilioinguinal au cours de l'appendicectomie, les incisions doivent rester à au moins 3 cm de l'épine iliaque antérieure et supéríeure. Au cours de la cure des hernies inguinales, après incision de l'aponévrose du muscle oblique externe, le nerf ilioinguinal doit être écarté du cordon spermatique vers le haut. Dans les incisions paramédianes inférieures (Lennander) et suprapubiennes de Pfannestiel, le nerf iliohypogastrique sera évité si l'incision passe au moins à 5 cm au-dessus du ligament inguinal. Au cours des incisions lombaires obliques pour néphrectomie (Bergmann-Israel), le nerf iliohypogastrique sera aisément repéré au tiers moyen du bord latéral du muscle carré des lombes. Ce nerf peut être refoulé aisément vers le bas. Les douleurs dues à des anomalies positionnelles du rein ou de l'uretère, à des inflammations périrénales, etc. sont souvent projetées au niveau des aires cutanées des nerfs iliohypogastrique et ilioinguinal (Head, MacKenzie).
    Notes: Summary The courses of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves were studied in 44 adult human cadavers, in order to clarify their relations to incisions in the abdominal wall in appendectomy, inguinal hernial repair, caesarean section and lumbar nephrectomy. If either of these nerves is trapped during suturing of the abdominal layers, especially after inguinal hernia repair and appendectomy typical nerve irritation in the inguinal region is observed. To avoid cutting the anterior branches of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves in appendectomy, incisions should be placed at a distance of not less than 3 cm from the anterior superior iliac spine. In inguinal hernial repair, after the external oblique aponeurosis has been opened, the ilioinguinal nerve should be displaced from the spermatic cord cranially. In performing a lower paramedian incision (Lennander) and Pfannenstiel's suprapubic incision, the iliohypogastric nerve will be spared if the incision passes at least 5 cm cranial to the inguinal ligament, during oblique lumbar incision for nephrectomy (Bergmann-Israel) the iliohypogastric nerve can easily be found in the middle third of the lateral margin of the quadratus lumborum muscle. The nerve should be displaced carefully downwards. Positional changes of the kidney or ureter, perinephric inflammation, etc. are often referred to the skin areas (Head, Mackenzie) of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 10 (1988), S. 19-21 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Portal vein ; Hepatic veins ; Ultrasound technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Cette étude a été réalisée sur 50 dissections cadavériques, dans le but de préciser la projection sur la paroi abdominale antérieure des éléments vasculaires suivants: la bifurcation portale, la direction du trajet des branches droite et gauche de la veine porte et la terminaison des veines hépatiques dans la veine cave inférieure. Les résultats sont donnés par rapport à un axe transversal passant par le sommet du processus xiphoïde et au plan sagittal médian en décubitus dorsal. La situation moyenne de la bifurcation portale se projette au point de croisement d'une ligne verticale passant par le milieu de l'hémithorax droit et d'une ligne horizontale coupant la ligne médio-claviculaire (LMC) à 57% de la hauteur du foie mesurée de bas en haut à partir de son bord inférieur. L'axe du tronc de la veine porte fait un angle ouvert en bas d'environ 50° avec la verticale passant par la bifurcation portale. Une parallèle au trajet des branches droite et gauche de la veine porte se projette sur une ligne située cranialement par rapport au rebord chondrocostal droit, qui monte vers l'extrémité du processus xiphoïde en faisant un angle de 20° avec le plan transversal. La terminaison des trois veines hépatiques se projette environ au niveau de l'articulation sternoxiphoïdienne à une largeur de sternum à droite de la ligne médiane. A proximité de la veine cave inférieure, la veine hépatique droite se dirige cranialement et médialement en formant un angle de 20 à 30° avec le plan transversal. Le segment terminal de la veine hépatique moyenne a un trajet relativement plus vertical avec un angle de 60 à 70° et la veine hépatique gauche se dirige vers la droite en formant un angle de 50 à 60°. La fissure du ligament rond du foie se projette presque verticalement sur la bissectrice de l'angle formé par la portion terminale des veines hépatiques moyenne et gauche.
    Notes: Summary An investigation was carried out on 50 cadavers, in which the projection onto the anterior abdominal wall of the following vascular points was examined: the portal bifurcation, the direction of the course of the right and left branches of the portal vein and the terminal course of the hepatic veins near their entry into the inferior vena cava (IVC). The results are related to a transverse axis passing through the apex of the xiphoid process and the median plane in the supine position. The average position of the portal bifurcation is projected onto a point between a vertical line passing through the midpoint of the right hemithoracic width and a horizontal line passing through a point on the midclavicular line (MCL) corresponding to 57% of the height of the liver measured upwards from its inferior margin. The axis of the prehepatic course of the portal vein makes an anagle of about 50°, open downwards, with a vertical line drawn through the apex of the internal angle of the portal bifurcation. A line parallel to the course of the right and left branches of the portal vein is projected on to a surface line cranial to the right costochondral margin, which runs upwards at an angle of approximately 20° towards the apex of the xiphoid process. The termination of the three great hepatic veins is projected at about the level of the xiphisternal joint, one sternal width to the right of the midline. Close to the IVC, the right hepatic vein runs upwards and medially at an angle of between 20° and 30° with the transverse plane. The final segment of the intermediate hepatic vein has a relatively steeper course medially of between 60° and 70°, and the left hepatic vein runs laterally and towards the right at an angle of between 50° and 60°. The nearly vertical projection of the fissure for the ligamentum teres of the liver bisects the angle included by the final course of the intermediate and the left hepatic vein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 14 (2000), S. 731 -735 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Genitofemoral nerve — Hernia — Ilioinguinal nerve — Laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty — Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve — Nerve injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: With an incidence rate of 2%, injury to the nerves of the lumbar plexus is the most common complication of laparoscopic hernioplasty, particularly when the transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) technique is used. Methods: The course of the genitofemoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and ilioinguinal nerve within the operation site was investigated in 53 adult dissecting-room bodies. Their relationship to the deep inguinal ring, iliopubic tract, and anterior superior iliac spine was also examined. Results: Both the femoral and genital branches of the genitofemoral nerve may penetrate the abdominal wall lateral to the deep ring and cranial to the iliopubic tract. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve may run immediately lateral to the anterior superior iliac spine. Conclusion: Contrary to the previously accepted opinion, dissection and the placement of staples either cranial to the iliopubic tract or lateral to the anterior superior iliac spine can result in injury to the nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 352 (1980), S. 602-602 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: One layer anastomosis ; Two layer anastomosis ; Healing by second intention ; Einreihige Colonanastomosen ; Zweireihige Colonanastomosen ; Sekundärheilung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 25 einreihig und 19 zweireihig genähte Colonanastomosen bei Kaninchen wurden 4, 8, 14 und 65 Tage postoperativ makroskopisch, mikroskopisch, mikroangiographisch und mikropräparatorisch untersucht. Nahezu alle Anastomosen wiesen sowohl primär als sekundär geheilte Abschnitte auf. Ursachen für Sekundärheilung waren Adaptationsfehler oder ischämische Nekrosen im Anastomosengebiet mit sekundärer Abscedierung. Bei der zweireihigen Naht führte Primärheilung zu Wulstbildung, und bei unterschiedlich weitgefaßten Anastomosenrändern entstanden intermurale Abscedierungen.
    Notes: Summary In rabbits, 25 one layer and 19 two layer anastomoses of the colon were compared 4, 8,14 and 65 days postoperatively by macroscopic, microscopic, microangiographic and microdissective investigations. Nearly all anastomoses showed segments of healing by first and second intention. Healing by second intention was found when adaptation was inaccurate or ischemic necrosis was present. In two layer anastomoses primary healing showed bulging and inaccurately adapted sutures of the seromuscular layer caused formation of intermural abscesses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Breast reconstruction ; Epigastric artery ; Rectus flap ; Brustrekonstruktion ; Arteria epigastrica ; Rectuslappen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Brustrekonstruktion mit dem oberen Rectuslappen basiert auf der Blutversorgung durch Hautäste der A. epigastrica superior. Eine Lappennekrose von unterschiedlichem Ausmaß mußten wir bei 8 von 26 Patienten beobachten. Wir führten daher erneut Dissektions- und Perfusionsversuche an frischen und fixierten Leichen durch. 1 bis 3 Hautäste mit einem mittleren Lumen von 0,5 mm konnten in allen Fällen nachgewiesen werden. Eine Ausdehnung von 8–21 cm (durchschn. 13,5 cm) nach lateral ließ sich darstellen. Die klinischen Untersuchungen ergaben ein hohes Risiko für Lappennekrosen bei bestrahlten Patientinnen und solchen mit simultaner Prothesenimplantation.
    Notes: Summary Breast reconstruction with the use of an upper rectus flap utilizes perforating cutaneous branches of the superior epigastric artery. Flap necrosis of various degrees, which occurred in our series of 26 patients at a rate of up to 30%, prompted repeated dissection and perfusion studies. In 35 fixed and 12 fresh cadavers, 1 to 3 perforators with an average diameter of 0.5 mm were found in every specimen. Between 8 and 21 cm (average 13.5 cm) lateral to the median line, extensions of the perforators could be demonstrated. Clinical investigation showed a high risk of flap necrosis in irradiated patients and in those undergoing simultaneous prosthesis implantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 324 (1969), S. 44-59 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Periarterielle vegetative Nerven. 2. Nicht gef\:a\sBgebundene, vegetative Pankreasnerven aus den Oberbauchplexus. 3. Vagale Pankreasnerven aus \:asten des dorsalen Vagus. 4. Vagale Pankreasnerven aus End\:asten des ventralen Vagus. Besonders wird auf die vagalen Pankreasnerven eingegangen. Die anatomischen Ergebnisse werden mit Pankreassekretionsstudien experimenteller Chirurgen nach verschiedenen Vagotomieformen verglichen. Dabei ergibt sich: 1. Bei der selektiven Vagotomie wird die Pankreasinnervation am besten erhalten. Durchtrennt werden hierbei nur vagale Magen-Pankreasnerven. 2. Nach der selektiven Vagotomie zeigen sich nur geringe Veränderungen der Pankreasexkretion. 3. Nach der selektiven Vagotomie sind die Durchblutungsverhältnisse im Oberbauch gegenüber anderen Vagotomieformen am wenigsten verändert.
    Notes: Summary In ten abdominal cavities pancreatic nerves are prepared: 1. Periarterial vegetative pancreatic nerves. 2. Direct-non perivascular-pancreatic nerves from the epigastric plexus. 3. Vagal pancreatic nerves from branches of the ventral vagus. 4. Vagal pancreatic nerves from branches of the dorsal vagus. Especially vagal pancreatic nerves are investigated. The anatomical results are compared with pancreatic-secretions-studies of experimental surgeons. The results: 1. Selective vagotomy preserves the innervation of pancreas best of all forms of vagotomy. There are transected only vagal pancreatic nerves coming from dorsal gastric nerves. 2. After selective vagotomy there are only small changes of pancreatic secretion. 3. Selective vagotomy causes the smallest change in mesenteric blood flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Colon ; Microcirculation ; Suture technique ; Anastomotic leakage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mikrozirkulationsstörungen der Colonanastomose finden sich nach einer morphologischen experimentellen Untersuchung am Kaninchen bei stoßgerechten wie invertierenden Nahttechniken. Ursache sind die Resektion, die intraoperative Traumatisierung, vor allem die Nahttechnik selbst, sekundär auch Abscedierungen an der Anastomose. Folgen der nahtbedingten Mikrozirkulationsstörungen sind je nach Ausdehnung und Nahttechnik Mucosanekrosen, partielle und vollständige Wulstnekrosen sowie transmurale Nekrosen unter Zerstörung der sero-serösen Kontaktzone. Mucosanekrosen und die partiellen Wulstnekrosen bei den invertierenden Techniken haben für die Pathogenese der Nahtinsuffzienz keine Bedeulung. Aus transmuralen Nekrosen bei stoßgerechter Naht and aus ausgedehnten vollständigen Wulstnekrosen mit Destruktion des Serosakontaktes bei der invertierenden Naht resultieren jedoch transmurale Abscedierungen. Sie entsprechen histologisch kleinen sekunddren Insuffizienzen und zeigen so den pathogenetischen Weg von der Nekrose über eine Abscedierung zu einem Leck an der Anastomose.
    Notes: Summary In this morphologic experimental study in the rabbit disturbances in the microcirculation at the site of colonic anastomoses were found in all suture techniques employed. They are caused by resection, intraoperative traumatization, the suture technique, and, secondarily, by abscess formation on the anastomosis. The suture-induced disturbances of the microcirculation lead to necroses of the mucosa, partial and complete necroses of the inverted cuff, and transmural necroses with destruction of the sero-serous contact zone. For the pathogenesis of anastomotic dehiscence only transmural and extensive complete necroses of the anastomotic bulge, including the serosal contact, are important. They result in transmural abscess formations which correspond to microscopic small secondary anastomotic leakages.
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