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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High prevalence of IgE antibodies among blood donors in Sweden and Norway (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background:  Reactions after a blood transfusion could be allergic because of passive transfer of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies from allergic donors.Aims of the study:  To compare spectrum and prevalence of IgE antibodies in blood donors from Sweden and Norway.Methods:  Using the ImmunoCAP method, serum samples from 1002 blood donors from Sweden and 500 from Norway were analysed for IgE antibodies to common inhalant and food allergens and allergens common in a hospital environment, such as penicilloyl G and latex.Results:  As many as 23.6–27.3% of the donors had IgE antibodies to at least one of the 14 allergens tested. Of these 6.8–16.7% had extremely high concentrations, i.e. 〉35 kUA/l corresponding to 100 times the cut-off for a positive allergy test. Most donors were sensitized to pollens, dander and mite but several had very high levels of IgE antibodies to penicilloyl G, latex and peanut. The pattern of sensitizing allergens differed between Sweden and Norway.Conclusions:  High serum levels of IgE antibodies to various allergens are common among blood donors and the degree of sensitization and spectrum of involved allergen varies between geographical regions. Present routines to identify IgE sensitized, potential risk, donors are not satisfactory; the sensitivity of selection procedures is about 25%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00896.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increased eosinophil transmigration after nasal allergen challenge in children with allergic asthma and rhinitis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: Eotaxin and interleukin-5 together provide the signal essential for eosinophil transmigration to airway tissue in allergic reactions. However, it is not known whether peripheral blood eosinophils (PBE) possess an increased transmigration capacity in vitro after allergen challenge in vivo before they leave the circulation. We aimed to determine whether PBE in cat-sensitized children have increased spontaneous and/or eotaxin-induced transmigration capacity in vitro, and to what extent allergen challenge alters this feature.Methods: Fourteen cat-allergic children and four healthy controls underwent nasal challenge with cat-allergen. Blood samples were drawn prechallenge and at 2 h and 24 h postchallenge. We analyzed the in vitro transmigration of PBE, with and without eotaxin as a chemoattractant. We used a transmigration assay with fibronectin-coated membranes. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and PBE counts were run in parallel.Results: The spontaneous transmigration capacity of eosinophils in vitro was significantly higher at 2 h after allergen challenge (P 〈 0.01 vs. prechallenge) and returned to prechallenge levels at 24 h postchallenge (P 〈 0.02 vs. 2 h postchallenge). Addition of eotaxin further augmented the increased transmigration. In concordance, no accompanying changes were measured in the levels of eosinophils in blood or ECP in serum. Furthermore no spontaneous or eotaxin-induced eosinophil transmigration was detected in healthy controls.Conclusion: PBE possess increased spontaneous (and eotaxin-induced) capacity to transmigrate as early as 2 h after allergen challenge in allergic children, without accompanying signs of eosinophil activation in terms of increased PBE count or ECP level. This is probably due to the increased stage of activation of the eosinophil, often referred to as “priming”.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.23714.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monocyte and Neutrophil Adhesion to Matrix Proteins is Selectively Enhanced in the Presence of Inflammatory Mediators (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The authors investigated the time course of monocyte and neutrophil adhesion to fibronectin, vitronectin and albumin precoated culture wells, using mixed leucocyte populations from healthy blood donors. Moreover, the influence of chemotactic agonists on the adhesion properties as well as the quantitative expression of CD29, CD11b/CD18 and CD61 was analysed by flow cytometry. Different chemotactic agonists were used representing a classical chemotactic agonist (fMLP), and agonists with a preferential effect on monocytes (RANTES) and neutrophils (IL-8), respectively. The authors found a gradual increase in monocyte and neutrophil adhesion to all three surfaces, reaching a plateau at 15 min of incubation. Adhesion to fibronectin was significantly higher at all time points (5, 15 and 60 min, respectively) compared with vitronectin and albumin in both monocytes and neutrophils. Neutrophil adhesion to vitronectin was significantly lower at 60 min compared with 15 min. Monocyte adhesion to albumin was increased by fMLP and RANTES and to vitronectin also by IL-8. Neutrophil adhesion to albumin and vitronectin was increased by fMLP and IL-8, but not RANTES. The adhesion to fibronectin was not altered by any of the chemotactic agonists used. The quantitative levels of CD11b/CD18, but not CD29 and CD61, was increased by fMLP, but not RANTES nor IL-8. The authors conclude that the adhesion of human monocytes and neutrophils to vitronectin and albumin, but not fibronectin, is selectively enhanced by chemotactic agonists and may contribute to the selective accumulation of different leucocyte subsets at the inflammatory site.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-296.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allergen Challenge Alters Intracellular Cytokine Expression (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 62 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The pathophysiology of asthma is complex and engages cascades of events in the cytokine network. We, therefore, investigated the impact of bronchial allergen challenge in humans on the cytokine profile of circulating lymphocytes. Peripheral blood samples from 10 patients with allergic asthma were collected before and 24 h after allergen provocation. Patients who mounted a late-phase reaction were designated dual responders opposite to single responders. Whole blood cells were stimulated by mitogen and intracellular interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ were detected by flow cytometry. The allergen challenge induced a decrease in IL-4+CD4+ cells in the patients (P = 0.05), and a significant decrease (P 〈 0.05) in IFN-γ+CD4+ cells was noted in single, but not dual, responders. In addition, there was a significant difference (P 〈 0.01) with respect to the changes in the IFN-γ+CD4+ cells comparing dual and single responders. No corresponding changes were observed in CD8+ cells. The data suggest a possible on-going traffic of IFN-γ and IL-4+CD4+ lymphocytes into the bronchial mucosa in relation to an allergen challenge and generate the hypothesis that a difference exists between single and dual responders in this respect. Because the CD4+IFN-γ-producing cells have the capacity to downregulate the T-helper type 2 response, a reduced capacity in this aspect might contribute to the pathophysiology in dual responders.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01641.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neutrophil Activation in Anti-Proteinase 3-Positive Vasculitis – a Prospective Study (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 62 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In vitro studies have demonstrated that antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have the capacity to activate neutrophils. Whether circulating neutrophils in patients with vasculitis are activated is under debate.Eight consecutive patients with antiproteinase 3 (PR3) positive acute vasculitis were included in this prospective study. Neutrophil expression of adhesion molecules, Fc-receptors and the ANCA-antigen PR3 was analysed and clinical characteristics were documented at inclusion and after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months in the same individuals. As additional markers of inflammation and endothelial activation interleukin-8 and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in serum were analysed at the same time points.The expression of adhesion molecules on circulating neutrophils, CD62L and CD11b after in vitro N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine stimulation was significantly decreased at diagnosis and after 1 month but returned to normal levels after 3–9 months. The neutrophil expression of Fc-receptor IIIb (CD 16) was decreased at diagnosis but normalized after 1–9 months.The main finding was an activated neutrophil adhesion phenotype at diagnosis and after 1 month, with normalized expression of adhesion molecules at 3–9 months. A pathological regulation of adhesion molecules may have implications on the endothelial damage seen in vasculitis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01695.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Red Blood Cells Inhibit Proliferation and Stimulate Apoptosis in Human Lung Fibroblasts In Vitro (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Cell proliferation and apoptosis are both important mechanisms for the regulation of tissue homeostasis. For instance, proliferation is crucial in wound repair, whereas apoptosis is important for removal of damaged cells and resolution of inflammation. Imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis can therefore lead to pathological conditions and disease. In inflammatory and fibrotic lung disorders, red blood cells (RBCs) can interact with fibroblasts and connective tissue. In the present study, we therefore hypothesized that the presence of RBCs can affect fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis. Human foetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were cultured in the presence or absence of purified whole RBCs and RBC-conditioned media. RBC significantly decreased fibroblast proliferation as determined both by DNA content analysis (Hoechst 33258 staining, P 〈 0.01; WST-1, P 〈 0.001) and BrdU incorporation. After treatment with staurosporine (STS) for 48 h, apoptosis was determined by TUNEL and propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry analysis. RBCs augmented STS-induced apoptosis (median: 46.4%; range 12.0–90.4) compared to control cells (median 26.2%; range 7.1–45.5). Thus, our data indicate that the presence of RBCs affects both fibroblast proliferation and susceptibility to undergo apoptosis. Our findings therefore suggest a role for RBCs in regulating fibroblast homeostasis after tissue injury.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.2004.01433.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distinct Phenotypic Adhesion Molecule Expression on Human Cord Blood Progenitors During Early Eosinophilic Commitment: Upregulation of β7 Integrins (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Increasing levels of proinflammatory cells, including eosinophils and basophils, are seen at the site of allergen challenge in allergic disease of the airways. Mechanisms for the recruitment of these cell types could involve either specific upregulation of adhesion molecule and chemoattraction, or the initiation of proliferation and differentiation of inflammatory cell progenitors derived from the bone marrow.In this study, we demonstrate, in two systems of eosinophilic–basophilic lineage-committed granulocytes of relative immaturity, that eosinophilic differentiation in vivo implies the induction of a distinct adhesion phenotype, characterized by the upregulation of β7 integrin and downregulation of β1 and α5 integrins. Moreover, the eosinophilic differentiation induced an upregulation of complement receptor type 1 and type 3, and the expression was further enhanced upon a short-course in vitro activation with ionomycin. These data indicate a sequential alteration of disparate members of the integrin family during eosinophilic–basophilic differentiation, which may attribute to specific adhesion requirements at distinct stages of cell maturation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01117.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies Induce Decreased CD62L Expression and Enhanced Metabolic Activity in Monocytes (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 57 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Monocyte in vitro activation by antimyeloperoxidase (anti-MPO)- and antiproteinase-3 (anti-PR3)-positive sera, corresponding immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions and monoclonal antibodies against MPO and PR3 was evaluated. The expression of adhesion molecules, l-selectin (CD62L) and CR3 (CD11b), involved in leucocyte endothelial adhesion, and metabolic activity, measured as the production of hydrogen peroxide, were analysed. Decreased expression of CD62L was demonstrated in monocytes after incubation with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive sera. This finding was not accompanied by changes in CD11b expression. Metabolic activity was increased in monocytes after incubation with ANCA-positive IgG fractions as well as after incubation with monoclonal anti-MPO and anti-PR3. These findings support the concept that the pathophysiological effect of ANCA is partly mediated through the action on crucial events in monocyte activation, such as CD62L downregulation and oxygen radical production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01209.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lability in complement receptor mobilization of granulocytes in patients with bronchial hyperreactivity (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The recruitment of activated granulocytes to bronchial mucosa seems to be involved in the prolonged inflammatory response observed in asthma and probably associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. We studied the patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness with respect to the expression of complement receptor type 1 (CR1), its variability and readiness to become mobilized on peripheral granulocytes from patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. CR1 expression and its hourly variation was significantly (P 〈 0.02, P 〈 0.01 respectively) higher in the patient group compared with the control group. In addition the ability to mobilize CR1 spontaneously at +37°C correlated to the variation of CR1 expression that occurred during a 4 hr period. These findings indicate that granulocytes from patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness have a higher degree of variation in CR1 expression that correlates to their ability to mobilize CR1 and may reflect a more pronounced lability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb02828.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Passive IgE-sensitization by blood transfusion (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background:  To study the mechanisms of passive sensitization of patients receiving plasma containing IgE antibodies to a defined allergen.Methods:  When required for medical reasons, regular donor plasma with IgE antibodies to timothy grass allergen (8–205 kUA/l), was given. Kinetics of IgE antibodies in the recipients’ serum and his/her basophil allergen threshold sensitivity, CD-sens, was monitored up to 2–3 weeks after transfusion. The IgE antibodies were quantitated by ImmunoCAP. The CD-sens in plasma recipients, determined by CD63 up-regulation, was measured by flow cytometry and compared to CD-sens of patients with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis.Results:  There was a significant correlation (r = 0.98; P 〈 0.001) between amount of IgE antibody given and recipient serum peak concentration. The T1/2 for IgE antibody in circulation was 1.13 days (95% confidence limit 0.35–1.91 days). The recipients became CD-sens positive already 3 h after transfusion. The CD-sens peak was observed after 3.4 days and the value were correlated (r = 0.68; P 〈 0.02) to the amount of IgE antibody transfused and were of the same magnitude as found in allergic patients. The T1/2 of CD-sens indicated two populations of basophils; one with a CD-sens decrease T1/2 of 4 days and one of 10 days.Conclusion:  Transfused IgE antibodies will sensitize mast cells and basophils to CD-sens levels similar to those of allergic patients. The recipients expressed ‘slow’ or ‘rapid’ CD-sens decline, indicating two different basophil populations. After transfusion of plasma with 〉10 kUA/l IgE antibody the recipient could have allergen reactive basophils for up to 7 weeks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00870.x
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