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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 25 (1999), S. 113-117 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of panarteritis with purpura fulminans, mononeuritis multiplex, gastrointestinal manifestation and presumably cardiac involvement in a previously healthy 22-year-old man with a history of drug abuse including cocaine, cannabinoids and methamphetamines is described. Histopathological examination of the gut led to the diagnosis of panarteritis without immune deposits. Antineutrophil antibodies were negative. Besides the drugs, no other possible cause of vasculitis was found. The patient recovered completely after 1 year. Drug abuse is a thus possible cause of severe extracerebral disabling vasculitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 6 (1990), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1573-0743
    Keywords: age ; left ventricular diastolic filling parameters ; isovolumic relaxation period ; echocardiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the effect of aging on the diastolic function of the left ventricle (LV) echo examination was performed in 115 subjects (47 women, 68 men) without any evidence of organic heart disease (2D and Doppler echo; exercise electrocardiography) aged 21 to 72 (mean ± SD: 41 ± 14) years. Transmitral flow with the characteristic early and late diastolic E-wave (E) and A-wave (A) was derived by pulsed Doppler ultrasound, whereas isovolumetric relaxation period (IVRP) was assessed by simultaneous M-mode registration of the aortic and mitral valve. Significantly increased values in older individuals (41 to 72 years; n=57) as compared to younger subjects (21 to 40 years; n=58) were found for the A/E ratio of the peak velocities (PAV/PEV) (90 versus 64%; p〈0.001) and the velocity-time integrals (VTI-A/E) (79 versus 36%; p〈0.001), atrial contribution to LV filling (AFF) (45 versus 26%; p〈0.001) and isovolumic relaxation period (IVRP) (81 versus 72 ms; p〈0.001). Age significantly correlated with PAV/PEV (r=0.74; p〈0.001), VTI-A/E (r=0.83; p〈0.001), AFF (r=0.81; p〈0.001) and IVRP (r=0.74; p〈0.001). Thus, age-related hemodynamic changes during diastole are characterized by a prolongation of IVRP and an increase of atrial contribution to LV filling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Doppler mitral flow ; Left ventricle ; Diastolic function ; Noradrenaline concentrations ; Effects of music
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A group of 20 healthy volunteers [10 women, 10 men; median age 25 (20–33) years] were examined by means of pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography, blood sample analysis and psychological testing before and after listening to three different examples of music: a waltz by J. Strauss, a modern classic by H. W. Henze, and meditative music by R. Shankar. To assess small haemodynamic changes, mitral flow, which reflects left ventricular diastolic behaviour, was measured by Doppler ultrasound. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, prolactin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were determined simultaneously. Transmitral flow profile is characterized by early E-wave and late atrial induced A-wave. Velocity-time integrals were measured and the atrial filling fraction was calculated. The mental state was measured by using a psychological score (Zerssen) with low values (minimum 0) for enthusiastic and high values (maximum 56) for depressive patterns. Music by J. Strauss resulted in an increase of atrial filling fraction (AFF; 29% vs 26%;P〈0.05) and ANP (63 pg·ml−1 vs 60 pg·ml−1;P〈0.05). The mental state was improved (Zerssen: 6.5 vs 11 points;P〈0.05). After the music of H. W. Henze prolactin values were lowered (7.7 ng·ml−1 vs 9.1 ng·ml−1;P〈0.01). The music of R. Shankar led to a decrease of cortisol concentrations (57 ng·ml−1 vs 65 ng·ml−1;P〈0.001), noradrenaline concentrations (209 μg·l−1 vs 256 μg·l−1;P〈0.01) andt-PAantigen concentrations (1.1 ng·ml−1 vs 1.4 ng·ml−1;P〈0.05). Heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged during the whole experiment. We concluded that different types of music induced changes of left ventricular diastolic function and plasma hormone concentrations. After rhythmic music (Strauss) AFF and ANP increased significantly, the mental state being improved. Meditative music (Shankar) lowered plasma cortisol, noradrenaline and t-PA concentrations; the observed increase of early left ventricular filling was not statistically significant. Prolactin concentrations decreased after modern music (Henze). Thus, it would seem to be possible to detect cardiovascular changes following different types of music by Doppler ultrasound and hormone analysis, meditative music having promising therapeutic implications in the treatment of conditions of stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words C-reactive protein – troponin T – acute coronary¶syndrome – risk assessment ; Schlüsselwörter¶C-reaktives Protein – Troponin T –¶akutes koronares Syndrom –¶Risikostratifizierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Grundproblematik und Fragestellung: Die akute Entzündungsreaktion spielt wahrscheinlich eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese aber auch der Diagnosefindung und Prognoseeinschätzung des akuten Koronarsyndroms. Es fehlen Daten zur Frage, ob hochsensitive Messungen des C-reaktiven Proteins (CRP) zusätzliche Aussagen zum etablierten Risikomarker Troponin T (TnT) ermöglichen.¶Patienten und Methodik: Wir untersuchten 50 Patienten mit akutem Koronarsyndrom (59,4 SD 13,9 Jahre) innerhalb einer Stunde nach Aufnahme und im Intervall von 4–24h in Hinblick auf TnT (Elecsys®, Roche Diagnostics) und CRP (biokit, modifizierter Quantex CRP plus, analytische Sensitivität 0,02mg/dL). 50% der Patienten wurden retrospektiv als instabile AP klassifiziert. Alle Patienten wurden bis 6 Wochen nach Entlassung hinsichtlich des primären Endpunktes Tod oder erneutes akutes Koronarsyndrom beobachtet.¶Ergebnisse: Die kumulative Ereignisrate lag bei Patienten mit positivem CRP und TnT 42 Tage nach Entlassung bei 62,5% im Vergleich zu 35,3% der TnT positiven und CRP negativen Patienten. Die TnT negativen und CRP positiven Patienten erreichten in 33,3% der Fälle den primären Endpunkt. Für die TnT und CRP negativen Patienten wurden in 28,8% der Fälle Ereignisse beobachtet. Die logistische Regression hinsichtlich des primären Endpunktes mit TnT und CRP (jeweils nach 4–24h), Alter, Geschlecht und Diagnose ergab einen unabhängigen Einfluss von TnT (Cutoff 0,1μg/L, p=0,048, Odds Ratio=7,5) und CRP (Cutoff 0,862mg/dL, p=0,026, Odds Ratio=5,3). Sensitivität/Spezifität für die Diagnose AMI waren 69,6%/75% für TnT bzw. 12%/72% für CRP in der ersten Stunde und 91,3%/68,2% für TnT bzw. 68%/72% für CRP im 4–24h Verlauf.¶Folgerungen: Hochsensitive CRP- Bestimmungen sind neben Troponin T für die akute Infarktdiagnostik wenig hilfreich. Die Einschätzung der Prognose der Patienten durch TnT wird jedoch mittels CRP 4–24h nach Aufnahme signifikant unabhängig ergänzt und damit wesentlich verbessert.
    Notes: Summary Background: It has been suggested that inflammatory processes play a role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). C-reactive protein (CRP) is a classic acute phase protein. It is yet unclear whether, in addition to established markers as troponin T (TnT), determination of CRP in patients admitted for ACS contributes significantly to the diagnosis and prognosis of ACS.¶Patients and Methods: We investigated 50 patients with ACS (59.4 SD 13.9 years) in the first hour after admission and 4–24h later with respect to TnT (Elecsys®, Roche Diagnostics) and CRP (biokit, modified Quantex CRP plus, analytical sensitivity 0.02mg/dL). Fifty percent of the patients were classified as having unstable angina retrospectively. All patients were followed in the 6 weeks post discharge regarding death and recurrent ACS.¶Results: The cumulative event rate at 6 weeks after discharge was 62.5% for patients being CRP and TnT positive compared to 35.3% in TnT positive and CRP negative patients. In TnT negative patients a positive CRP test predicted 33.3% of events and 28.8% of patients negative for CRP and TnT had events at 42 days post discharge.¶   Logistic regression analysis regarding the primary endpoint including TnT and CRP (4–24h values), age, gender and diagnosis resulted in independent prediction of ACS or death by TnT (cutoff 0.1μg/L, p=0.048, odds ratio=7.5) and CRP (cutoff 0.862mg/dL, p=0.026, odds ratio=5.3). Sensitivity/specificity for AMI diagnosis were 69.6%/75% for TnT and 12%/72% for CRP in the first hour and 91.3%/68.2% for TnT and 68%/72% for CRP 4–24h later.¶Conclusions: Besides TnT, high sensitivity CRP determination has no additional value for early AMI diagnosis. The prognosis of these patients during the first 24 hours is significantly and independently predicted by CRP measurements in addition to troponin T.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 35 (1998), S. 42-49 
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Cardiac markers ; creatine kinase ; myoglobin ; troponin ; myocardial infarction ; minor myocardial damage ; reperfusion ; NOWIS ; Schlüsselwörter Herzmarker ; Kreatinkinase ; Myoglobin ; Troponin ; Herzinfarkt ; Minor myocardial damage ; Reperfusion ; NOWIS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Die enzymchemischen Herzmarker Kreatinkinase (CK), ihr Isoenzym MB (CK-MB), Myoglobin und Troponin können in drei Bereichen eine wesentliche Rolle spielen: 1. in der Primärdiagnose eines akuten Myokardinfarktes (AMI); 2. bei der Identifizierung von Patienten mit instabiler Angina pectoris, die aufgrund eines „minor myocardial damage“ (MMD) ein erhöhtes Risiko für ein schweres kardiales Ereignis besitzen; 3. bei der Beurteilung der koronaren Reperfusion nach intravenöser Thrombolyse. NOWIS-Studie: Die Nord-Württembergische Infarkt-Studie (NOWIS) untersucht prospektiv die klinische Wertigkeit der Bestimmung von CK/CK-MB, Myoglobin und Troponin T bei vermuteten Koronarsyndromen an einer größeren Population. Hierzu werden strategisch unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen verglichen: die gleichzeitige Erfassung aller drei Marker zu definierten Zeitpunkten (0, 2, 4 und 24 h) einerseits und ein ökonomisch effektiveres, stufendiagnostisches Konzept andererseits. Im folgenden wird der Algorithmus der laborchemischen Stufendiagnostik bei akuten Koronarsyndromen vorgestellt. NOWIS (1) Diagnose eines AMI: Bei Patienten mit vermutetem koronaren Ereignis (Brustschmerzen, EKG-Veränderungen, etc.) wird zunächst nur die CK bestimmt. Bei erhöhter CK wird, zur Erhöhung der Spezifität, aus derselben Probe die CK-MB gemessen. Sind beide Marker, CK und CK-MB erhöht, liegt ein AMI vor und es sind, zumindest in der Akutsituation, keine weiteren Serumbestimmungen nötig. Ist nur die CK erhöht, die CK-MB jedoch normal, liegt wahrscheinlich ein nichtkardiales Ereignis vor. Falls die erste CK-Bestimmung normal ist, sollte aufgrund seiner schnellen Freisetzungskinetik Myoglobin aus derselben Probe bestimmt werden. Sind die Werte von CK und Myoglobin normal, sollte nach vier Stunden eine erneute Kontrolle erfolgen. Eine normale CK mit erhöhtem Myoglobin in der ersten Blutprobe weist auf einen AMI hin, wenngleich nach vier Stunden eine erneute Kontrolle erfolgen sollte. Die Bestätigung des AMI kann am nächsten Morgen anhand des Troponin-Wertes erfolgen. NOWIS (2) Risikostratifizierung: Das Vorliegen eines kleinen Myokardschadens („minor myocardial damage“, MMD) kann zum Zeitpunkt der Aufnahme bzw. des Schmerzbeginns anhand eines erhöhten Troponins bestätigt, oder anhand eines negativen Wertes ausgeschlossen werden. NOWIS (3) Reperfusionsbeurteilung: Wegen seiner sehr schnellen Freisetzung sollten Myoglobin-Bestimmungen zu Beginn der Thrombolyse und zwei Stunden später aus einer weiteren Serumprobe erfolgen. Eine effektive Thrombolyse mit einem TIMI-3-Fluß liegt bei einem Myoglobinquotienten über 5 vor (2. zu 1. Wert). Somit bleibt genügend Zeit für eine „Second shot“-Thrombolyse oder eine Rescue-PTCA.
    Notes: Summary Background: There are three fields where the the biochemical cardiac markers creatine kinase (CK), its isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), myoglobin, and troponin can play an important role: (1) the primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), (2) identification of patients suffering from unstable angina with minor myocardial damage (MMD) and consecutively increased risk for major cardiovascular events, and (3) assessment of coronary reperfusion after intravenous thrombolysis. NOWIS study:The North Wuerttemberg Infarction Study (NOWIS) pro-spectively evaluates the clinical value of the assessment of CK/CK-MB, myoglobin, and troponin T in suspected coronary events in a greater population. Here, two different strategies are compared: on one hand the simultaneous determination of all three markers and, on the other hand, an economically more effective stepwise concept. In the following the algorithm of the laboratory-based stepwise diagnosis of acute coronary syndroms is presented. NOWIS (1) diagnosis of AMI: In patients admitted with suspected coronary event (chest pain, ECG alterations, etc.) first only CK is determined. An elevated CK leads to an assessment of CK-MB from the same blood sample to increase specificity. When both markers, CK and CK-MB, are elevated, the patient is suffering from AMI and no further blood samples are acutely needed. Yet, CK being elevated and CK-MB being normal, we probably have a non-cardiac event. If CK from the first blood sample is normal, myoglobin should be determined from the same sample because of its fast release in myocardial infarction. Normal values for CK and myoglobin imply a second blood control four hours later. A normal CK and an elevated myoglobin in the first blood sample are highly suggestive for AMI. Nevertheless, a second blood sample should be taken four hours later. AMI can be confirmed the next morning by determining cardiac troponin. NOWIS (2) risk stratification: Presence of MMD should be assessed by an elevated troponin, or excluded by a normal value of troponin, at admission or at the time of onset of chest pain. NOWIS (3) reperfusion therapy: Due to its very fast release myoglobin should be determined when thrombolysis is started and in a further blood sample two hours later. Effective thrombolysis with TIMI-3 flow is present with a myoglobin ratio of at least five (second over first value), leaving enough time for a `second shot' thrombolysis or a rescue PTCA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 89 (2000), S. 620-623 
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Single coronary artery ; coronary anomalies ; coronary angiography ; Schlüsselwörter ; Singuläre Kranzarterie ; Koronaranomalien ; Koronarangiographie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Koronaranomalien sind selten und in der Regel benigne. Es wird der Fall einer symptomatischen 53-jährigen Patientin mit einer singulären Kranzarterie und langem linken Hauptstamm vorgestellt, die mittels Mammaria-Bypass behandelt wurde.
    Notes: Summary Coronary anomalies are rare and usually benign. The case of a symptomatic woman aged 53 years is presented. Here the single coronary artery with a long left main trunk was treated by bypass grafting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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