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Quantitative aspects of synapses on Golgi-impregnated neurons (1992)

Müller, Linda J. ; Cardozo, Bob Nunes ; Vrensen, Gijs F. J. M.

New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Microscopy Research and Technique 23 (1992), S. 334-352

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ISSN: 1059-910X

Keywords: Identified neurons ; Quantification ; Rotating/tilting ; Synaptic contacts ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Natural Sciences in General

Notes: With the classical Golgi techniques, numerous types of neurons can be distinguished in the cerebral cortex, each with a specific dendritic geometry and pattern of axonal ramifications. In the present review we describe two techniques which allow quantification of synapses on identified neurons: (1) Golgi-rapid impregnation-gold toning-electron microscopy, and (2) Golgi-Kopsch impregnation-gold toning-electron microscopy in combination with staining of the tissue with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA). Both techniques were applied on neurons in the visual cortex of young and adult rabbits. By means of rotating and tilting specimens in the electron microscope, the nondistinctive ultrastructure of obliquely sectioned synapses can be circumvented, leading to precise estimates of asymmetrical vs. symmetrical synapses without complete reconstruction of the neuron. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Additional Material: 9 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070230408

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Ultrastructural neuropathologic effects of Taxol on neurons of the freshwater snailLymnaea stagnalis (1995)

Boer, H. H. ; Moorer-van Delft, Carry M. ; Müller, Linda J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Journal of neuro-oncology 25 (1995), S. 49-57

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ISSN: 1573-7373

Keywords: Taxol ; Cremophor EL ; Org 2766 ; neuropeptidergic cells ; microtubules ; peptide secretion ; Lymnaea stagnalis

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary Cerebral ganglia of the freshwater snailLymnaea stagnalis were incubatedin vitro in 10 μM Taxol for 8 and 24 h. Cremophor EL (0.1%) was used as a diluant. The tissue was processed for electron microscopy. Various ultrastructural parameters were assessed quantitatively. Cremophor EL appeared to seriously affect the cell somata of the multipeptidergic caudodorsal cells. In the Cremophor-controls the mean area of Golgi zones, the percentage dense material (neuropeptides) in these zones, the number of large electron dense granules (these are involved in neuropeptide processing) and the mean nuclear heterochromatin clump size, were significantly smaller than in the Ringer-controls, whereas the number of lipid droplets was higher. All these parameters, except for the lipid droplets, were not different in the Cremophor-controls and the Taxol-treated specimens. After 24 h treatment, but not after 8 h, Cremophor EL furthermore induced an increase in the number of axonal microtubules. It is argued that the results might signify activation of the neurons by Cremophor EL. Taxol induced a significant increase in the number of microtubules in axons and cell somata. Furthermore an increase in the number of Golgi zones was observed, suggesting activated neuropeptide synthesis. In all groups immunostaining with antibodies to neuropeptides produced by the caudodorsal cells was normal. Release of neuropeptide (exocytosis) from axon endings was elevated after Taxol treatment, and exceptionally high in specimens cotreated with Taxol and Org 2766 (incubation time 22 h). The effect of Org 2766 and Taxol on the number of microtubules was cumulative. It is argued that transport of neuropeptide granules from the cell somata to the axon terminals was not affected by Taxol. It is concluded that Taxol neurotoxicity is probably not due to impeded microtubular axonal transport.