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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1994)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 88 (1994), S. 195-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203673
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    UV-B and early cortical and nuclear changes in the human lens (1994)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 88 (1994), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: UV-irradiation ; Human lens ; Ageing ; Defense mechanisms ; Biomicroscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental studies in mice and rats have shown that UV (B) irradiation leads to specific lens changes, viz. yellowing of the nucleus and a multilayered epithelium in the anterior pole with disrupted cortical fibres underneath. Biomicroscopic and ultrastructural studies on ageing human lenses revealed yellowing of the lens nucleus and locally ruptured membranes and small opcities in the equatorial cortex. No changes in the anterior pole were ever observed. This discrepancy between the human and animal lens, contraindicating UV as an important risk factor for human cataract, is discussed and may be due to several factors: (1) a difference between the high level acute and low level chronic irradiation; (2) species differences: nocturnal animals may be unable to cope with bright light exposure; (3) differences in scavenger and other defense mechanisms between humans and animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203679
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral neural circuits regulating IOP? (1994)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 87 (1994), S. 291-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Eye innervation ; Glaucoma ; Intraocular ; Pressure ; Pterygopalatine ganglion ; Sphenopalatine ganglion ; Superior cervical ganglion ; Trigeminal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The peripheral nervous system is classically separated into a somatic division containing both afferent and efferent pathways and an autonomic division composed of efferents only. The somatic afferent division is divided in A- and B-neurons. The B-neurons are supposed to be autonomic afferents as part of a reflex system involved in homeostasis. Recent data obtained by neuronal tracing and immunohistochemical experiments concerning the eye related peripheral nervous system endorse the existence of these peripheral reflex systems. Somatic afferents of trigeminal origin synaptically innervate parasympathetic neurons in the pterygopalatine ganglion. This probably represents a pathway mediating autonomically regulated ocular activity in response to sensory stimulation. In addition, it has been hypothesized that trigeminal sensory nerve fibres have an efferent function in response to noxious stimuli e.g. the ocular injury response. Sympathetic nerve fibres originating in the superior cervical ganglion course through the trigeminal and pterygopalatine ganglion without forming direct synaptic contacts. These fibres, however, contain clusters of vesicles suggesting some kind of interneural communication. Parasympathetic nerve fibres of pterygopalatine origin course through the ciliary ganglion. These nerve fibre terminals also contain clusters of vesicles without direct synaptic contacts. Experimental data concerning the distribution of neuropeptides revealed a more detailed knowledge of the anterior eye segment innervation. These experimental data are subject to some debate. The pros and cons of different techniques are discussed. Neural circuits regulating IOP have long been postulated. The possible role of peripheral reflex systems in the regulation of IOP is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01203340
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative aspects of synapses on Golgi-impregnated neurons (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 23 (1992), S. 334-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Identified neurons ; Quantification ; Rotating/tilting ; Synaptic contacts ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: With the classical Golgi techniques, numerous types of neurons can be distinguished in the cerebral cortex, each with a specific dendritic geometry and pattern of axonal ramifications. In the present review we describe two techniques which allow quantification of synapses on identified neurons: (1) Golgi-rapid impregnation-gold toning-electron microscopy, and (2) Golgi-Kopsch impregnation-gold toning-electron microscopy in combination with staining of the tissue with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA). Both techniques were applied on neurons in the visual cortex of young and adult rabbits. By means of rotating and tilting specimens in the electron microscope, the nondistinctive ultrastructure of obliquely sectioned synapses can be circumvented, leading to precise estimates of asymmetrical vs. symmetrical synapses without complete reconstruction of the neuron. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070230408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectral sensitivity of the blood-retinal barrier at the pigment epithelium for blue light in the 400–500 nm range (1993)
    Springer
    Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 231 (1993), S. 600-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-702X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To specify the spectral sensitivity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for blue light damage, pigmented rabbits were exposed to light of 408, 418, 439, 455, 485, and 500 nm (half-peak bandwidth approximately 12 nm). The range of radiant exposure was 15–275 J cm−2 (1.7–19 mW cm−2 for 0.5–5 h). Vitreous fluorophotometry was used to functionally evaluate the blood-retinal barrier at the RPE in vivo, and electron microscopy to visualize RPE ultrastructure in vitro. A significant increase in permeability of the blood-retinal barrier was seen only after exposure to light of 418 nm. Radiant exposure at threshold for permeability increase was 18 J cm−2. Electron microscopy of the RPE demonstrated dispersion and clumping of melanin granules. The results suggest that the RPE is most sensitive to light in the range 412–425 nm, possibly due to damage-mediating chromophores such as cytochromec oxidase and lipofuscin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936526
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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