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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effects of Known Amounts of γ-BHC and Organophosphorus Seed Dressings on Growth of Wheat Seedlings and on Attack by Larvae of Wheat Bulb Fly (Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.)) (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 19 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Six trials were done during three years (1966–69) in eastern England to study how known amounts of insecticidal seed dressings affect the growth of winter wheat and the severity of attack by wheat bulb fly larvae. In the first two years γ-BHC dry dressing was applied to seeds previously treated with a liquid organomercury fungicide, but in the third year seeds were dressed with powders containing fungicide mixed with the insecticides γ-BHC, chlorfenvinphos or ethion. Analysis using gas liquid chromatography showed that the ethion+ fungicide dressing stuck to the seeds much better than the chlorfenvinphos+fungicide dressing or either formulation of γ-BHC. Some ethion, γ-BHC and chlorfenvinphos later fell off the seeds, the exact amount depending on the method of drilling. Small amounts of insecticide, less than about 10μg/seed of γ-BHC or less than about 15μg/seed of the organophosphorus compounds, were ineffective against wheat bulb fly. Increasing amounts of all three insecticides progressively decreased the percentage of damaged shoots and the percentage of plants with live larvae, but more of the organophosphorus insecticides, especially of ethion, was generally needed to give the same protection as γ-BHC. No seed treatment damaged seedlings in trials on peaty loams or sandy clay loams, but seeds dressed with the standard amount of liquid organomercury fungicide and several different amounts of γ-BHC dry dressing germinated poorly in the sandy loam soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1970.tb00996.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attempts at Cultural Control of Carrot Fly Damage to Carrots in East Anglia (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 24 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: At sites in Norfolk in 1970, 1971 and 1972, growing carrots were covered in situ with soil or straw for varying periods in attempts to prevent egg laying and subsequent late-season damage by larvae of the carrot fly (Psila rosae) (F.))- Neither soil nor straw was sufficiently effective in this respect. Carrots chemically defoliated and/or covered during the main egg-laying period in August and September were adversely affected in size and quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1975.tb01870.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trials of Organophosphorus and Carbamate Seed Dressings against Wheat Bulb Fly Leptohylemyia coarctata in 1966–68 (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 18 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Seed dressings of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, at 0⋅1 per cent and 0⋅5 per cent active ingredient to weight of seed, were compared with heptachlor and ethion standards for control of wheat bulb fly during 1966–68. Short rows of treated seeds were sown in autumn on sites infested with wheat bulb fly eggs, and sample plants were examined in spring. The effective new materials, judged by the percentage of damaged shoots and the percentage of plants containing live larvae, were R 42211 (0,0-diethyl 0-(2-diethylamino-6-methyl-pyri-midin-4-yl) phosphorothioate), B 77488 (0,0-diethyl phosphorothioate 0-ester with phenylglyoxylonitrile oxime), B 80833 (0-methyl 0-3,4-dichlorophenyl methyl phosphonothionate), ‘Dursban’ (0,0-diethyl O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate) and bromophos-ethyl. However, both doses of ‘Dursban’ and bromophos-ethyl. and the larger dose of B 80833 damaged young seedlings. There was only slight damage with the large dose of B 77488 and none with R 42211, so these two compounds were the most promising new materials tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1969.tb00460.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Movement and Oviposition of Wheat Bulb Flies (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 17 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Water traps examined weekly were used to assess the activity of adult wheat bulb flies during the oviposition period in late July, August and eariy September. Traps were placed at various distances up to 1 mile (1–6 km) from known sources of infestation at Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire and at Rothamsted. Most flies were caught down wind from possible emergence sites and few were caught more than 1/4-1/2 mile (0.4–0.8 km) away. The distribution of flies between traps was similar in both the first and second halves of the trapping period. At Whittlesey there was a significant positive correlation between the number of flies caught in a trap and the number of eggs laid in the field containing the trap.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1968.tb00428.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of Wheat Bulb Fly by Large Area Cropping Restrictions (1968)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 17 (1968), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An ‘ecological’ method of wheat bulb fly (Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.)) control was investigated in 1966/1967. This involved the exclusion of winter wheat and winter rye in 1966 from about 2,000 acres (800 ha) of organic soil in an area usually subject to heavy attacks. In the centre of this experimental area, the mean egg count was reduced from 763,000 per acre (1,885,000/ha) in 1966 to 198,000 per acre (489,000/ha) in 1967 and in the intermediate area from 1,058,000 to 677,000 eggs per acre (2,614,000 to 1,673,000/ha). There was no egg reduction in the fields adjacent to the experimental area. This and the observations on adults suggest that most flies do not travel much over 1/4-1/2 mile (0⋅4–0⋅8 km) from their emergence sites.The examination of wild host grasses in and surrounding a number of fields indicated that they are inefficient hosts and therefore unimportant in the build-up and maintenance of wheat bulb fly populations.Although this method of wheat bulb fly control is feasible, the substitution of spring sown cereals for winter wheat has several disadvantages which are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1968.tb00436.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1.6. Single-Row Trials of Experimental Seed Dressings. (1967)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 16 (1967), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1967.tb02572.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between Control of Wheat Bulb Fly (Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.)) and Amounts of Dieldrin, Carbophenothion and Chlorfenvinphos on Treated Seed (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 25 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Trials were done in eastern England in 1972–74 to study relationships between control of wheat bulb fly larvae and amounts of insecticide on treated seed. Carbophenothion in short-row trials in 1972–73 was relatively ineffective even at the largest dose, 100 μg/seed. Chlorfenvinphos at low dosages did not significantly decrease the percentage of plants with live larvae but was increasingly effective as the dosage increased. Dieldrin decreased the percentage of plants with live larvae even at small dosages, about 10 μg/seed. Clilorfenvinphos was further studied in larger plots (c. 0.01 ha) in 1973–74. Plant examinations confirmed results of the previous year but large yield increases were obtained at only two of four sites, one with the greatest plant attack (55 per cent damaged shoots) and the other with the latest sowing date (22 November).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1976.tb01907.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Repellents, Synthetic Pyrethroids, and Organophosphorus Compounds as Seed Dresangs against Wheat Bulb Fly (Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.) (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 23 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: New insecticides, some in novel formulations, and insect repellents were tested during 1968–71 as seed dressings to protect winter wheat against attack by wheat bulb fly larvae. Preliminary tests in the laboratory were followed by trials in fields in the Midlands and eastern England. The synthetic pyrethroid insecticide resmethrin at one per cent active ingredient to weight of seed significantly decreased attack by wheat bulb fly in one trial on a sandy clay loam but not on other soils or in other years. The best protection against attack in the field was given by the organophosphorus insecticides C8874 (O,O-diethyl O-2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl thiophosphate) and C18244 (O-ethyl-O-(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) ethyl thiophosphohate). These compounds were more eflective than chlorfenvinphos used as a standard but are unlikely to be developed further in this country.Using polyvinyl acetate formulations, much larger amounts of pyrethroids could be applied to the seeds without decreasing plant emergence, but insect control was not improved. Pre-treatment with liquid paraffin,‘Lutanol M40’(polyvinyl methyl ether) or ‘Polyvis 200’(polybutene) improved adhesion of γ-BHC powder to seed, but effects on plant emergence and on insect control need more testing. A uniform seed to seed distribution of liquid insecticide was obtained by dipping seeds in dilute emulsions of ethion, but these seeds germinated less well than seeds treated with a commercial powder formulation of the same insecticide.Seed dressings of the insect repellents ‘Deet’(N,N-diethyl m-toluamide), MGK 11 (2,3:4,5-bis(2-butylene) tetrahydro-2-furaldehyde) or MGK 874 (2-hydroxyethyl-n-octyl sulphide) failed to protect winter wheat from attack by wheat bulb fly in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1974.tb01826.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SECOND SUPPLEMENT ON CHEMICAL ALTERNATIVES TO THE ORGANOCHLORINE INSECTICIDES (1967)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 16 (1967), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1967.tb02567.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1.2. Chemical Trials in the East Midlands, 1963 to 1966. (1967)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 16 (1967), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1967.tb02568.x
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