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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 96 (1992), S. 2820-2826 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7774-7781 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Acoustic transients generated by high-voltage pulses in a transversely excited LiNbO3 Pockels cell are theoretically investigated. The theory treats explicitly the piezoelectric generation and propagation of the acoustic waves, and their interaction with the laser-beam polarization. Expressions for the strain fields and the strain-induced change in index of refraction are derived for short-voltage-pulse excitations. Numerical results are presented for a square- and a Gaussian-pulse excitation. These theoretical predictions are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations: The waves propagating in the direction perpendicular to the applied electric field have the largest effect on the laser-light polarization. The damping of these acoustic waves is a straightforward application of these results and leads to an increase in the repetition rate of an Nd3+:YLF regenerative amplifier by over an order of magnitude. This work further illustrates the importance of using short-pulse excitations for minimizing the strain-induced birefringence effects for typical laser-beam geometries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1565-1578 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A recently developed class of digital filters known as morphological pseudoconvolutions is applied to scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. These filters use a nonlinear branch of image processing known as morphology to improve the characteristics of both moving mean and moving median filters. They filter equally in both the x and y directions, so as not to introduce artifacts, and they have an adjustable parameter that allows the user to restore the observed image completely as the parameter tends to infinity. Very few assumptions are made concerning image and noise content; only the shape of typical data is taken into account. These filters are shown to outperform, both visually and in the mean-square-error sense, previously introduced Wiener filtering techniques. The filters are compared on typical STM-type images, using both modeled and actual data. The technique is general, and has been shown to perform very well on all types of STM and atomic force microscopy images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 1253-1269 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The surface restricted transient grating is demonstrated as a sensitive probe of ultrafast surface reaction dynamics. Studies of doped single crystal n-TiO2 (001) surfaces in air demonstrate linear trapping processes, assigned to crystal defects within the surface deformation layer, that limit carrier lifetimes to 5 ns. Direct in situ grating studies at photochemically active n-TiO2/H2O interfaces demonstrate that the dominant mechanism of interfacial electron transfer in this system involves thermalized hole carriers at the atomic surface. The dynamics are consistent with adsorbed OH− as the initial hole acceptor. In addition, optical generation of coherent surface acoustic modes is demonstrated. A detailed theory is presented for the grating excitation of the surface acoustics. Acoustic propagation in the H2O half-space of the TiO2/H2O liquid interface gives evidence for a phase change of the water layer at the polar TiO2 (001) surface to a solid phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 754-761 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-delayed optical double resonance multiphoton ionization (MPI) studies involving (4pπ)K 2Π(v=2)←(3sσ)A 2Σ+(v=1) ←←X 2Π(v=0) NO show dramatic loss of the ionization signal amplitudes on a time scale that is very short relative to the lifetime of the A state. From direct comparisons of MPI and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) dip temporal profiles, it is concluded that loss of the signal amplitude results from inefficient ionization of the K state. MPI temporal profiles measured in a supersonic jet are identical with those measured in a cell indicating that collisional effects are not important. For delay times τ≥20 ns, ionization signals can be observed only at high probe laser intensities. The resultant spectra exhibit marked power broadening and a pronounced dip appears in the center of each of the power broadened resonances. The observed line shapes are rationalized in terms of the spatial and temporal distributions of the probe laser field in conjunction with a dynamical competition between photoionization and spontaneous decay channels in the K state. Such arguments lead to an upper bound on the K 2Π(v=2) lifetime of ≈2 ns. The short lifetime of K 2Π(v=2) is attributed to indirect heterogeneous predissociation through the (4pσ)M 2Σ+ state and/or to homogeneous predissociation via the a 4Π continuum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 3981-3994 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The surface restricted transient grating technique has been found to be sensitive to the Fermi level pinning surface states at the atomic interface of the native oxide layer of (100) GaAs. The sensitivity to these states is better than 10−4 of a monolayer. The grating signal associated with the surface states is eliminated by photoinduced removal of the oxide layer and hole transfer to Se−2 ions adsorbed to the surface. These results support the assignment of the signal to electronic factors associated with surface state species. The use of space charge field focusing of hole carriers to the surface has enabled a discrimination of the hole carrier reaction dynamics from those of the electron at the surface. In situ studies of interfacial hole transfer to Se−2 ions present at liquid junctions found the hole transfer time to be less than 30 ps. The selective quenching of the hole carrier through interfacial charge transfer has found that the hole carrier contributes to the optical dispersion in the 1 μ region to approximately the same extent as the electron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 3245-3247 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The (4pπ)K 2Π(v=2)←(3sσ)A 2Σ+(v=1)←X2Π(v=0) system of NO has been studied by (2+1) optical-optical double resonance laser induced fluorescence (LIF) dip techniques. These experiments utilized two high resolution, continuous-wave lasers. The spectral resolution obtained under these conditions has provided measurements of the frequencies to an absolute accuracy of better than 0.002 cm−1, and of the widths to an average precision of 3% of the K←A(2,1) rotational transitions of interest. Term energies of individual rovibronic levels of both the Ω=0.5 and Ω=1.5 spin–orbit components of the (4pπ)K 2Π(v=2) Rydberg state of 14N16O have been determined. For values of J=2.5 to 4.5, the lifetimes of these levels range from 189 to 410 ps. These results demonstrate the potential of high resolution, cw lasers in double resonance studies of molecules. The ability to excite selectively to a single, completely specified quantum level, e.g., one hyperfine level, within the resonant intermediate state will ultimately allow studies of transition frequencies and lifetimes as functions of Ω, J, F, and parity providing a more explicit description of the structural and dynamical ramifications of complex multistate interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1643-1648 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved electron diffraction harbors great promise for resolving the fastest chemical processes with atomic level detail. The main obstacles to achieving this real-time view of a chemical reaction are associated with delivering short electron pulses with sufficient electron density to the sample. In this article, the propagation dynamics of femtosecond electron packets in the drift region of a photoelectron gun are investigated with an N-body numerical simulation and mean-field model. It is found that space-charge effects can broaden the electron pulse to many times its original length and generate many eV of kinetic energy bandwidth in only a few nanoseconds. There is excellent agreement between the N-body simulation and the mean-field model for both space-charge induced temporal and kinetic energy distribution broadening. The numerical simulation also shows that the redistribution of electrons inside the packet results in changes to the pulse envelope and the development of a spatially linear axial velocity distribution. These results are important for (or have the potential to impact on) the interpretation of time-resolved electron diffraction experiments and can be used in the design of photoelectron guns and streak tubes with temporal resolution of several hundred femtoseconds. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 3277-3279 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The utility of ultrahigh resolution, continuous-wave laser sources in multiphoton spectroscopy is demonstrated by measurements of fluorescence excitation spectra resulting from two-photon pumping of individual rotational branches of (3sσ)A 2Σ+(v'=1,N'=3)←X 2Π(v'=0) NO. The general physical significance of fine structure and hyperfine structure interactions is briefly discussed emphasizing their relation to dynamical phenomena. Current observations yield the following fine structure and hyperfine structure parameters characterizing A(v=1,N=3) NO: γ=−80.10±0.04 MHz, b=40.9±0.2 MHz, c=1.5±4.5 MHz, and eQq=−7.2±0.5 MHz. The effective cross section for two-photon excitation of R11(J‘=2.5) is estimated from experimental observables to be 1×10−44 cm4 s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 99 (1993), S. 2829-2840 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The magnetic hyperfine structure parameters of NO X 2Π have been determined through a variety of ab initio methods based on restricted and unrestricted Hartree–Fock zeroth order wave functions. Examples of the former include singles configuration interaction (CI), multireference CI, and averaged coupled pair functional theory. Examples of the latter include Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (through fifth order, with estimates to infinite order), coupled cluster methods, and quadratic CI (with approximate inclusion of triple and quadruple excitations). The performance of the various methods in reproducing the difficult-to-describe 14N and 17O isotropic hyperfine interactions is judged in light of both experimental data, where available, and estimated full CI values. The full CI limit was approached through a systematic sequence of ever-more-extensive, selected multireference CI wave functions that would, in principle, include the full CI as its final element. While the isotropic coupling constants were found to converge very slowly along this sequence, at least in comparison to other one-electron properties, the selected CI approach was efficient enough in its recovery of correlation effects to be used with large basis sets. The biggest calculation in the sequence of CI wave functions included over two million configurations. Energies and properties exhibited sufficient regularity to allow fitting with simple functional forms. The error arising from the lack of basis set completeness is estimated by comparison to fully numerical, partial-wave self-consistent field (SCF) and singles CI results. Effects due to vibrational motion are accounted for by numerical integration of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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