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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 107 (1997), S. 9807-9817 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-resolved resonance Raman and transient absorption spectra of photoexcited S1 quaterphenyl in solution have been measured in a single series of experiments over a range of probe wavelengths at various time delays and solvent temperatures. Increases of 0.4% in the energy of the 0–0 electronic resonance transition to the higher (Sn) state and 0.1% in some vibrational frequencies are observed to take place on a 17 picosecond timescale following photoexcitation, and electronic and vibrational bandwidths both reduce by a few percent. Comparisons of measured Raman excitation profiles with profiles calculated from the transient absorbance spectra are used to interpret the time dependence of Stokes resonance Raman band intensities. The electronic resonance shift and width change and relaxation of Franck–Condon displacements all contribute. All parameters vary with bath temperature, but bandshifts are small on cooling and the 0–0 resonance shifts to the red. The change in S0–Sn resonance frequency is taken to imply a change in S0–S1 potential and to be a solvation effect which is also responsible for the displacement and Raman frequency shifts. The anti-Stokes Raman band at 766 cm−1 shows additional intensity changes due to population relaxation on two distinct timescales: 〈1 ps and ∼17 ps. The fast component is attributed to intramolecular redistribution of v〉1 excitation energy and the slow component to the decay of a hot v=1 population with an average excess energy of ∼60 cm−1 per molecule. This is much smaller than the initial excess photoexcitation energy of ∼5000 cm−1 but corresponds to a temperature much greater than indicated by the bandwidth changes, implying a non-equilibrium distribution of vibrational energy whose decay is not limited by thermal diffusion. The slow component of the population relaxation matches approximately with the change in potential in both energy and timescale but no causal connection is identified. This experiment links the dynamics of Raman frequency shifts observed in an excited state molecule directly to a change in electronic potential. It is suggested a similar mechanism may operate in other systems, such as stilbene. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography A 147 (1978), S. 404-407 
    ISSN: 0021-9673
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2614
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 54 (1966), S. 154-163 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine gaschromatographische Trennung und quantitative Bestimmung einiger sauerstoffhältiger aromatischer Verbindungen verschiedener Art und einiger ihrer Isomeren wurde ausgearbeitet. Beziehungen zwischen der Struktur der getrennten Substanzen und ihrem chromatographisehen Verhalten wurden diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden statistisch ausgewertet.
    Abstract: Résumé On a étudié la séparation par Chromatographie en phase gazeuse et le dosage d'un certain nombre de composés aromatiques oxygénés de types chimiques différents et de certains de leurs isomères. On discute les relations entre la structure des substances que l'on sépare et leur comportement chromatographique. On fait une évaluation statistique des résultats.
    Notes: Summary A gas Chromatographic separation and quantitative determination of some aromatic oxygenic compounds of different chemical types and some of their isomers has been worked out. Relations between the structure of the separated substances and their Chromatographic behaviour are discussed. The results are evaluated statistically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 50 (1962), S. 1101-1107 
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A semimicro method for determining nitro- and nitroso groups attached to carbon or oxygen in organic compounds has been worked out. The method is based on the oxidative decomposition of the sample with a chromic acid-sulfuric acid mixture, the nitro and the nitroso groups being quantitatively transformed into nitric acid. The latter is reduced to ammonia by means of Devarda alloy in alkaline medium, and is then distilled off in a stream of nitrogen and titrated with a standard acid solution.
    Abstract: Résumé On a mis au point une méthode à l'échelle semimicro pour le dosage dans les substances organiques de groupes nitro et nitroso liés au carbone ou à l'oxygène. La méthode repose sur l'attaque oxydante de la substance par un mélange acide chromique-acide sulfurique, ce qui transforme quantitativement les groupes nitro et nitroso en acide nitrique. Au moyen de l'alliage de Devarda en milieu alcalin, on réduit celui-ci en ammoniac que l'on chasse par distillation dans un courant d'azote et que l'on titre par acidimétrie.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine Halbmikromethode zur Bestimmung der an Kohlenstoff oder Sauerstoff gebundenen Nitro- und Nitrosogruppen in organischen Verbindungen wurde ausgearbeitet. Die Methode beruht auf dem oxydativen Aufschluß der Substanz mit einem Chromsäure—Schwefelsäure-Gemisch, wobei die Nitro- und Nitrosogruppen quantitativ in Salpetersäure übergehen. Diese wird mit Devarda-Legierung in alkalischem Medium zu Ammoniak reduziert, das dann im Stickstoffstrom abdestilliert und acidimetrisch titriert wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Czechoslovak journal of physics 38 (1988), S. 1375-1382 
    ISSN: 1572-9486
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract TEA CO2 laser preionization by plasma sheet formed by discharge sliding over a dielectric surface is described. The preionization electron number density in order of 109cm−3 was measured in the CO2 ∶ N2 ∶ He=1∶1∶3 gas mixture. The plasma sheet was also tested as a main discharge electrode in TEA CO2 laser.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Trennung, Identifizierung und Bestimmung der Carbonsäuren durch Gas-Chromatographie kann in höchst befriedigender Weise mit ihren Estern vorgenommen werden. Durch eine kinetische Studie sollten die optimalen Bedingungen zur Veresterung der Carbonsäuren mit Diazomethan, Methanol bei katalytischem Einwirken von Bortrifluroid und mit Trimethylchlorsilan bestimmt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Veresterung mit Überschuß an Diazomethan in Gegenwart geringer Mengen Methanol in allen Fällen schneller ist als die Veresterung der gleichen Säuren mit Methanol bei katalytischer einwirkung von Bortrifluorid. Für gas-chromatographische Zwecke erwies sich die klassische Veresterung, die Methanol und Schwefelsäure benutzt, als ungeeignet; das gleiche gilt für die Bildung der Trimethylsilylester.
    Abstract: Sommaire La séparation, identification, et détermination des acides carboniques par chromatographie en phase gazeuse peut se faire de manière très satisfaisante à l'aide de leurs esters. Le but de ce travail est de déterminer, par une étude cinétique, les conditions optimales pour une estérification des acides carboniques avec diazométhane, méthanol dans la présence du catalyseur trifluorure de bore, et avec triméthylchlorosilane. Les résultats font apparaitre qu'une estérification avec un excédent de diazométhane en présence de petites quantités de méthanol se déroule toujours plus rapidement que l'estérification des mêmes acides avec méthanol en présence du catalyseur trifluorure de bore. Pour la chromatographie en phase gazeuse, l'estérification classique au moyen de méthanol et d'acide sulfurique s'est révélée comme non utilisable; il en est de méme pour ce qui concerne l'obtention des esters triméthylsilyliques.
    Notes: Summary The separation, identification, and determination of carboxylic acids by means of gas chromatography is most satisfactorily undertaken through their esters. A kinetic study was therefore worked out to determine the optimum conditions for esterification of carboxylic acids by means of diazomethane, methylalcohol under catalytic action of boron trifluoride, and trimethylchlorsilane. It was shown by the results obtained that esterification with excessive diazomethane, in the presence of minor quantities of methylalcohol, is in all cases faster than esterification of the same acids by means of methanol under the catalysis of boron trifluoride. For gas chromatographic purposes the classical esterification using methanol and sulphuric acid has proved to be unsuitable, the same applying to the formation of trimethylsilyesters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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