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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 44 (1966), S. 158-164 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1303-1309 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ; B1, B2 and T lymphocytes ; Reverse hemolytic plaque assay ; Immunoglobulin-secreting cells ; Chronisch lymphatische Leukämic ; B1, B2 und T Lymphocyten ; Indirekter Plaque Assay ; Immunglobulinsezernierende Zellen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels eines indirekten Protein A Plaque Assays wurden im peripheren Blut von 22 Patienten mit B1-CLL, einem Patienten mit B2-CLL und einem Patienten mit einer Suppressor-T-CLL die Lymphocyten bestimmt, die spontan bzw. nach Stimulation mit Pokeweed Mitogen Immunglobuline synthetisieren. Die Diagnosen wurden mit Hilfe der Cytologie und der Histologie sowie anhand von Markeruntersuchungen gestellt. Lymphocyten von Patienten mit B1- und B2-CLL waren weder spontan noch nach Pokeweed Mitogen-Stimulation in der Lage, Immunglobuline zu sezernieren. Im Falle der T-CLL war die Spontansekretion höchstwahrscheinlich durch die OKT 8 positive Leukämiepopulation supprimiert, da nach Kultivierung mit Pokeweed Mitogen eine normale Immunglobulin-Sekretion — verbunden mit einer Abnahme der OKT 8 positiven Zellen — festzustellen war. Ko-kulturexperimente mit frisch isolierten, ungetrennten Lymphocyten von Normalpersonen und Lymphocyten von Patienten waren nicht aussagekräftig, da isolierte normale B-Zellen allein schon eine sehr hohe Immunglobulinsekretionsrate aufwiesen. Dagegen erbrachten Ko-kulturexperimente mit Subpopulationen von B1-CLL Patienten den Beweis für einen wirklichen B-Zelldefekt, während die entsprechenden T-Lymphocyten als normale Helferzellen fungieren konnten.
    Notes: Summary Using a reverse hemolytic protein A plaque assay, spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion was determined in peripheral blood from 22 patients with B1-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), one patient with B2-CLL, and one patient with suppressor T-CLL. Diagnoses were established by cytological and histological criteria as well as several marker analyses. Lymphocytes from B1- and B2-CLL patients were unable to secrete Ig either spontaneously or after PWM stimulation. In T-CLL lymphocytes, spontaneous Ig secretion was suppressed very probably by the OKT-8-positive leukemic population, since, after cultivation with PWM, a normal Ig secretion could be demonstrated which was paralleled by a decrease in the OKT-8-positive cells. Cocultivation experiments with freshly isolated, unseparated lymphocytes from normal subjects and lymphocytes from patients were of no informational value, since isolated normal B-cells alone already showed a high rate of Ig secretion. However, coculture experiments with separated subpopulations after PWM stimulation revealed an intrinsic B-cell defect in lymphocytes from B1-CLL patients, whereas their T-lymphocytes were found to be normal helper cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 807-812 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: T-cell neoplasias ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Surface marker studies were carried out on neoplastic cell samples (peripheral aspirates and skin biopsies) of 302 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (221 patients) and acute lymphatic leukaemias (81 patients). In 11 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (5%) and eight patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia (10%), the neoplastic cells possessed phenotypic characteristics of T cells. The investigations were carried out by means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (OKT 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10; OKM 1; HNK 1 and VIL A 1). In addition, conventional markers (SIg, E-R 4°, E-R 37°, absorbed polyclonal rabbit antithymus and anti-TDT) were used. Our results, which show a pronounced phenotypic surface marker heterogeneity between the group of T-cell neoplasias, emphasize the diagnostic value of monoclonal antisera as compared to polyclonal reagents. Eleven different surface marker profiles were observed in the 19 patients investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Multiple myeloma ; Benign monoclonal gammopathy ; Lymphocyte subsets ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A panel of monoclonal antibodies that identify various antigens present on T and B cells was used to characterize circulating blood lymphocyte subsets in multiple myeloma [(MM) - 13 patients] and benign monoclonal gammopathy [(BMG) - 5 patients]. In MM and BMG an increase in B cell proportions (BA 1 positive cells) was observed, whereas T cells (Lyt 3 positive cells) were reduced compared to normal controls. However, with respect to the T cell subset distribution, a marked diversity between MM and BMG was noted. This may help to differentiate BMG from MM. In MM a relative decrease in inducer/helper T cells (OKT 4 positive cells) and increase in suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT 8 positive cells) as well as in NK/K T cells (Leu 7 positive cells) was observed. On the other hand, in BMG the relative T cell subset distribution was comparable to those seen in normal subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 611-627 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Breast cancer ; High-dose chemotherapy ; Adjuvant ; Locally advanced ; Stage IV
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chemotherapy has an established role in the treatment of carcinoma of the mammary gland (breast cancer), but when administered at conventional doses the net benefit in terms of relapse prevention and overall survival duration remains limited largely to operable patients at first diagnosis with limited tumor burden (stage II disease with less than four involved axillary lymph nodes). Pilot studies evaluating significant dose escalation in patients with advanced disease have yielded high remission rates, but the impact on long-term survival remains controversial. Recent trials involving dose-intense treatment in stage IV breast cancer do not support its use except in patients who have achieved complete remission or show no evidence of disease prior to high-dose consolidation. More optimism may be warranted for the use of dose-intense chemotherapy in the high-risk adjuvant setting (stage II/IIIA) and as part of the initial treatment for patients with inflammatory breast cancer or locally advanced primary inoperable carcinoma (stage IIIB). Prospective randomized trials in all settings are ongoing, although definitive results are not expected before 1998. Apart from single-course myeloablative high-dose chemotherapy, the availability of hematopoietic growth factors through recombinant DNA technology and the easy procurement of hematopoietic cell support through mobilization of peripheral blood progenitors has spurred the development of new strategies employing dose-intense treatment within the past 10 years. Repetitive application of chemotherapy at submyeloablative doses and sequential accelerated dose-intense application of single agents are now increasingly being integrated into more complex dose-escalated protocols. This review will focus on the results of mature trials and newer approaches to dose escalation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 65-71 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Ribozymes ; Catalytic RNA ; Gene therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ribozymes are a class of ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that possess enzymatic properties. Upon binding to complementary nucleic acid strands, catalytic degradation takes place via a cleavage reaction. In effect, inactivation of susceptible substrate RNA molecules takes place at a catalytic rate and with a high degree of substrate specificity. This article reviews the biology and biochemistry of this class of molecules and its potential applications in clinical medicine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 73 (1995), S. 157-163 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Despite enormous efforts focused on the development of new drugs and the use of novel drug combinations, including high-dose regimens supported by bone marrow and blood stem cell transplantation procedures, progress in the treatment of disseminated human cancer has been marginal. Remarkable advances in our understanding of the molecular biology of cancer has provided the possibility to employ new, selective tools of genetic intervention for more successful tumor treatment. We are now witnessing the inception of gene therapy. However, gene therapists face many drawbacks, including selectivity, specificity, sensitivity, and safety of gene transfer. Despite this there are already over 70 clinical protocols accepted for genetic approaches to cancer worldwide. Strategies currently under clinical investigation and discussed here include: (a) the enhancement of tumor immunogenicity by insertion of cytokine genes, genes coding for products of the major histocompatibility complex, and those for lymphocyte costimulatory ligands, (b) the vectoring of tumoricidal cytokines into cells that can potentially home on tumors to release their toxic products locally, (c) the use of tumor-specific prodrug activators, i.e., the insertion of enzymatically prodrug-activating genes fused to promoter systems which rely on differential (ideally tumorspecific) transcription control, (d) gene-marking strategies which may provide new indicators for minimal, residual, and relapsed tumor disease, (e) artificial repression of gene functions by insertion of genes encoding for complementary (antisense) mRNA to the gene of interest (e.g., oncogenes, drug resistance genes).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 213-221 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Gene therapy ; Clinical trials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Journal of Molecular Medicine regretfully informs its readers that the above-named publication has been cited in the Report of the Joint Investigative Commission for the Appraisal of Allegations of Fraud in Science (August 4, 1997), presided by Dr. W. Gerok, as erroneous. For this reason the above-named publication is, with consent of the co-authors, hereby retracted. (The Editorial Committee of JMM)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Duchenne muscular dystrophy ; Becker muscular dystrophy ; Atypical X-linked muscular dystrophy ; X-linked proximal pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A series of 95 families, consisting of 317 patients with severe and mild X-linked proximal pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy (MD), was analysed by the use of two different and rigid clinical criteria based on the age when the patient became chairbound. Using these criteria the families from Erfurt and Warsaw could be clearly separated into classical Duchenne (DMD) and classical Becker (BMD) type patients. A third group of patients was found with atypical clinical course, who could not be identified as neither Duchenne nor Becker cases. Statistically highly significant differences were found between the groups of classical DMD and atypical MD cases on the one hand and between the groups of atypical MD and classical BMD cases on the other, especially with respect to age when chairbound and age at death. The comparisons of progression of the disease, life expectancy and of fertility between the three groups of X-linked MD show that classical DMD and atypical MD may be considered as separate types of severe X-linked proximal pseudohypertrophic MD. On the basis of these findings the authors offer conclusions for the general practice of neurology, paediatrics and genetic counselling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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