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  • 1
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Basophils ; Blood cells ; Chicken ; Heat stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fine structure of blood cells, with particular reference to basophils, was studied in broiler chickens before and after they had been subjected to heat stress. Granule counts in basophils after heat treatment showed a significant reduction in their total numbers compared with pre-heat treatment. This depletion of granules corresponded with evidence of degranulation seen at the ultrastructural level. Of the three types of basophilic granules described, only the type I electron-dense, homogeneous variety of granule was significantly reduced in number. After heat stress, there was a significant increase in heterophil lobulation. In several birds there was also evidence of cytoplasmic fragmentation in the form of portions of cells containing granules but no nuclei, lying free in the circulation. Damaged mitochondria, not seen before heat treatment, were frequently observed in the cells. Monocytes also showed significant increases in cytoplasmic lipid droplets after heat stress compared with pre-heat treatment, suggesting the onset of possibly early fatty degeneration. However, there was no evidence of increased pseudopodia or pinocytotic activity in these cells. With heat stress, there was a significant reduction in the numbers of electron-dense granules in the small lymphocytes. Despite there being a smaller proportion of circulating eosinophils after heat stress, which was considered to be the result of an immediate stress response, no significant differences were evident between pre- and post-heat treatment in the cells. The red cells and thrombocytes from post-heat-stressed broilers were significantly longer and thinner compared with pre-heat treatment due possibly to dehydration. The dimensional and ultrastructural changes identified in the cells after heat stress question their effective functional ability in raising an immune response under such circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 719-726 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aldosteron ; Niereninsuffizienz ; Orthostase ; ACTH ; Angiotensin ; Plasmareninaktivität ; Cortisol ; Aldosterone ; Renal insufficiency ; Posture ; ACTH ; Angiotensin ; Plasma renin activity ; Cortison
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The responsiveness of plasma aldosterone levels to various stimuli was evaluated in 44 normal subjects, 17 patients with mild to moderate renal failure, 30 patients with terminal renal failure, and 13 anephric subjects. Plasma aldosterone, renin activity (PRA), cortisol, sodium, and potassium levels were measured before and after one hour of upright posture (N=191); ACTH infusions (N=76); and angiotensin II infusion (N=36). Plasma aldosterone responses correlated (r≥0.53;p〈0.02) with basal plasma aldosterone levels during upright posture in all four groups, with ACTH infusion in all groups except anephric subjects, and with angiotensin II administration in patients with mild to moderate renal failure or patients and normal subjects combined. These relationships were consistently closer than those between aldosterone responses and changes in PRA or basal PRA. However, postural aldosterone responsiveness at any given basal aldosterone level was significantly lower in patients with renal disease than in normal subjects, and this was associated with a parallel impairment in renin responsiveness. In contrast, when related to basal levels aldosterone responsiveness to ACTH or angiotensin II appeared to be comparable in normal subjects and patients with renal disease. Aldosterone responses to posture, ACTH, or angiotensin II did not correlate with associated changes in plasma cortisol, sodium, or potassium levels. These data suggest that basal adrenal secretory activity is a major factor conditioning aldosterone responsiveness to various stimuli in normal subjects as well as in patients with renal disease.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Ansprechbarkeit der Plasmaaldosteronwerte auf verschiedene Stimuli wurde bei 44 Normalen, 17 Patienten mit leicht bis deutlich eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion 30 Patienten mit terminaler Niereninsuffizienz und bei 13 anephrischen Patienten untersucht. Plasmaaldosteron, Plasmareninaktivität (PRA), Cortisol, Natrium, Kaliumwerte wurden vor und nach Stimulation durch aufrechte Körperhaltung (N=191), ACTH-Infusion (N=76) und Angiotensin II-Infusion (N=36) gemessen. Der Anstieg des Plasmaaldosterons korrelierte signifikant (r≥0,53,p〈0,02) mit dem basalen Plasmaaldosteronspiegel nach Stimulation durch aufrechte Körperhaltung in allen vier Gruppen, nach ACTH-Infusion bei allen Gruppen außer bei den anephrischen Patienten und nach der Angiotensin II-Infusion bei den Pat. mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion und im gesamten Patientengut. Die Korrelation zwischen den basalen Aldosteronwerten und dem Anstieg war signifikanter als diejenige zwischen dem Anstieg des Aldosterons und dem der PRA oder der basalen PRA. Die Stimulierbarkeit des Aldosterons durch aufrechte Körperhaltung war signifikant vermindert, wenn korrigiert für die basalen Aldosteronwerte, bei den Patienten mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion im Vergleich zu den Normalen. Parallel fand sich ein vermindertes Ansprechen der PRA. Im Gegensatz dazu war die Ansprechbarkeit des Aldosterons auf ACTH oder Angiotensin II, bezogen auf den basalen Aldosteronwert, bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz und Normalen vergleichbar. Die Aldosteronansprechbarkeit auf aufrechte Körperhaltung, ACTH oder Angiotensin II korrelierte nicht mit assoziierten Schwankungen des Plasmacortisols, Natriums oder Kaliums. Diese Daten legen nahe, daß die basale Sekretionsaktivität der Nebennierenrinde einen erheblichen Einfluß auf die Aldosteronansprechbarkeit für verschiedene Stimuli ausübt, sowohl beim Normalen wie auch beim Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Eosinophil granule ; Duck ; Fowl ; Heterophil granule ; Trimetaphosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution and localisation of acid trimetaphosphatase was investigated in developing heterophils and eosinophils from fowl and duck. In the heterophils of both species, trimetaphosphatase activity progressively increased in concentration from a thin peripheral band in the round immature primary granules to a fairly dense uniform reaction product in most of the mature specific spindle-shaped granules. Fowl and duck primary eosinophil granules had a similar distribution of reaction product as heterophils. In duck specific eosinophil granules the crystalline interna or externa, or both regions, contained strong activity whereas in the fowl, the activity of the specific granules was strongly-uniform in appearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular histology 10 (1978), S. 63-77 
    ISSN: 1573-6865
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synopsis Enzyme cytochemical studies have been carried out on eosinophils in the fowl and the duck. Peroxidase was found in all regions of the Golgi apparatus, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the perinuclear cisternae of the early cells. In fowl eosinophil granules irregular deposits of peroxidase and arylsulphatase final reaction product were found, but the acid phosphatase deposits were even. In the duck in contrast, peroxidase was demonstrated in the external part of the granule only. Acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase were found in both the interna and the externa of the duck eosinophil granules. An ammoniacal silver nitrate reaction for the presence of the histone arginine was also studied. Silver deposits were found occupying all regions of the granules of eosinophils from both species of bird. The presence of the hydrolytic enzymes acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase in avian eosinophil granules supports the theory that these structures are lysosomal in nature and that they correspond with mammalian eosinophils in this respect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 5 (1981), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Radioimmunosorbent techniques using antisera to human immunoglobulin E (IgE) showed the presence of high levels (up to 15,840 U/ml) of IgE in serum and plásma from fowls immunised by repeated intraperitoneal injections of horse serum. These results were confirmed by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and heat lability tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Veterinary research communications 5 (1981), S. 369-376 
    ISSN: 1573-7446
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Multiple intraperitoneal injections of horse serum given to domestic fowls at five different ages resulted in eosinophilia in 55% of adults and in 36% of the younger birds, the highest individual eosinophil level reached being 50% of the differential white cell count. The primary eosinophilic response in fowls was between injections 7 and 36 and there was a secondary response between injections 32 and 72. Horse serum injections produced an eosinophilia in 88% of adult ducks with a maximum individual level of 31% of the differential white cell count. In ducks, primary and secondary eosinophilic responses occurred at injections 13 and 28 respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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