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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic and inorganic bromide residues in spices fumigated with methyl bromide (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 33 (1985), S. 780-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00065a002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of male mandibular gland secretions ofPhilanthus triangulum (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2135-2143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Philanthus triangulum ; Hymenoptera ; Sphecidae ; Philanthinae ; beewolf ; (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol ; 10-nonadecen-2-one ; nonadecenal ; eicosenal ; pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Males of the European and African beewolf,Philanthus triangulum, possess a sex specific mandibular gland secretion that is used for marking plant stems in mating territories. The secretion is composed of 90% (Z)-11-eicosen-1-ol plus small amounts of 10-nonadecen-2-one, nonadecenal, octadecanoic and octadecenoic acids, and eicosenal. The chemistry of this secretion differs markedly from the secretions of North AmericanPhilanthus, which consist of a larger number of components that possess different chemical functionalities and are more volatile. We postulate that the chemical differences betweenP. triangulum and its New World relatives reflect phylogenetic differences plus a possible reduced necessity for species isolating mechanisms inP. triangulum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026925
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Major antitermitic components of the heartwood of southern catalpa (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 359-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Catalpa bignonioides ; Isoptera ; Reticulitermes flavipes ; termite ; sesquiterpenoids ; wood extractives ; catalponol ; epicatalponol ; catalponone ; catalpalactone ; antitermitic activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The heartwood of southern catalpa,Catalpa bignonioides Walt., is resistant to attack by the eastern subterranean termiteReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), but extraction with a ternary solvent mixture of acetone-hexanewater (54∶44∶2) by volume removed the antitermitic characteristics from the heartwood. Four compounds comprised approximately 98% of the antitermitic fraction of the extract: the sesquiterpene alcohol, catalponol (67%); its epimer, epicatalponol (5%); a structurally related ketone, catalponone (1%); and the phthalide, catalpalactone (25%). Pure compounds were isolated by semipreparative scale reversed-phase HPLC and identified by GC-MS and UV spectroscopy. The structure of catalponol was further confirmed by the formation of derivatives. Bioassays indicated that catalponol had the greatest toxicity in cellulose pad tests, but in tests using vacuum impregnation of these compounds into termite-susceptible wood blocks at levels approximating those found in catalpa heartwood, catalpalactone exhibited the highest antitermitic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00994237
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mandibular gland secretions of the male beewolvesPhilanthus crabroniformis, P. barbatus, andP. pulcher (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 27-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Philanthus crabroniformis ; Philanthus barbatus ; Philanthus pulcher ; Hymenoptera ; Sphecidae ; beewolf ; mandibular glands ; pheromones ; semiochemicals ; mass spectrometry ; infrared spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The composition of the territorial marking pheromones from mandibular glands of males of the beewolvesPhilanthus crabroniformis, P. barbatus, andP. pulcher have been determined. The structures of the components were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The major compound ofP. crabroniformis is isopropyl tetradecanoate, with somewhat lesser amounts of 2-tridecanone, 3-methyl-3-butenyl tetradecanoate, and 92∶8 (Z)∶(E)-11-eicosen-1-ol. The major compounds ofP. barbatus are ethyl tetradecanoate and hexadecanal, which are present in approximately a 60∶40 ratio. These two compounds comprise over 95% of the neutral lipids. Also present in lesser amounts are ethyl dodecanoate, tetradecanal, hexadecan-1-ol, a Δ x -octadecen-1-ol, and octadecan-1-ol. The major compounds ofP. pulcher are ethyl (Z)-7-hexadecenoate and geranylgeraniol acetate, which comprise nearly 90% of the neutral lipid fraction, with smaller amounts of tetradecanal, pentadecanal, and ethyl hexadecanoate; trace amounts of Δ x hexadecenal, hexadecanal, and octadecanal are also present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00997162
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Venom chemistry of ants in the genusMonomorium (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 285-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Monomorium spp. ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines ; ant venom alkaloids ; methoxymercuration-demercuration ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A comparative analysis of the venomous alkaloids produced by ant species in the subgenusMonomorium of the genusMonomorium has been undertaken. All species produce mixtures of unsymmetricaltrans-2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines, but the proportions of the constituents may vary considerably between species. All alkaloids contain both C6 and C9 side chains which are present as C9-saturated. C6-monounsaturated, and both C6-and C9-monounsaturated dialkylpyrrolidines. The structure of 2-(1-hex-5-enyl)-5-(1-non-8-enyl)pyrrolidine, a previously undescribed alkaloid, was proved by unambiguous synthesis after the location of the double bonds was established by the methoxymercuration-demercuration followed by mass spectrometry. The possible chemotaxonomic significance of the mixtures of venomous alkaloids produced by these species ofMonomorium is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00984024
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatiles from mandibular glands of male beewolves (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae,Philanthus) and their possible roles (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 895-901 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Philantus ; beewolf ; Sphecidae ; Hymenoptera ; pheromones ; scentmarking ; tridecanone ; pentadecanone ; heptadecanone ; hexadecanoic acid ; ethyl hexadecanoate ; octadecanoic acid ; ethyl octadecanoate ; mandibular glands ; wasps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Observations of wasp behavior indicate that male beewolves,Philanthus basilaris andP. bicinctus apply a “marking pheromone” to the leaves and stems of plants within their territories. We now provide direct evidence for the presence of volatile chemicals in the paired mandibular glands of the males, provide preliminary identification of these volatiles, and show that all of the volatile chemicals in the mandibular glands are present on freshly marked plant surfaces but are absent from unmarked plants. Pyrazines, which have been reported in other species of aculeate wasps including the EuropeanPhilanthus triangulum, were not found inP. basilaris orP. bicinctus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01012076
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular hydrocarbons of the eastern subterranean termite,Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 4 (1978), S. 233-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Caste ; methyl-branched hydrocarbons ; alkenes ; Reticulitermes flavipes ; Isoptera ; Rhinotermitidae ; termite ; eastern subterranean termite ; cuticles ; cuticular hydrocarbons ; methoxy ether derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Major cuticular hydrocarbon components in several castes ofReticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) have been identified and quantitated. Types of hydrocarbons present includen-alkanes, 2-methylalkanes, 3-methylalkanes, 5-methylalkanes, an alkene, and an alkadiene, with a range in carbon numbers from C21 to C26, This is the first report on insect cuticular hydrocarbons in which both 2- and 3-methylalkanes are present, as well as the first report of an insect with a conjugated alkadiene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988058
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass spectral determination of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids using 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 11 (1985), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Semiochemicals ; pheromones ; methyl esters ; N,N-dimethylhydrazones ; N,N-dimethylhydrazine ; mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of nanogram to milligram quantities of aliphatic aldehydes, fatty acids, and unhindered aliphatic ketones such as those typically found in pheromonal blends have been effected by treating these mixtures with 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. The aldehydes and ketones formN,N-dimethylhydrazones, while the fatty acids form methyl esters. Structural elucidation of the reaction products was achieved using EI and CI gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01411416
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of methoxymercuration-demercuration followed by mass spectrometry as a convenient microanalytical technique for double-bond location in insect-derived alkenes (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 6 (1980), S. 257-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Alkenes ; mercuration-demercuration ; methoxyethers ; mass spectrometry ; insect hydrocarbons ; honeybee
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The positions of double bonds in olefins can be readily determined by a sodium borohydride reduction of their methoxymercuration products followed by mass spectrometry. Fragmentation of the methoxy derivative in the mass spectrometer results in cleavage on either side of the methoxy group to give intense fragment ions which are characteristic of each isomer. This simple and convenient microanalytical technique was applied to several synthetic standards and insect derived olefins, including the alkenes from the cuticular lipids of the honeybeeApis mellifera L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00987544
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular hydrocarbons ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) and their role as potential species- and caste-recognition cues (1982)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 8 (1982), S. 1227-1239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Caste ; methyl-branched hydrocarbons ; Reticulitermes virginicus ; Reticulitermes flavipes ; Isoptera ; termites ; Rhinotermitidae ; methoxy ethers ; mass spectra ; NMR spectra ; bioassay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The cuticular hydrocarbon components of four castes ofReticulitermes virginicus (Banks) have been identified and quantitated. Components identified includen-alkanes; 2-, 3-, 11-, 13-, and 15-methyl-alkanes; 11,15-dimethylalkanes, (Z)-9-alkenes; (Z,Z)-7,9-dienes; and (E/Z)-6,9-dienes ranging in carbon number from C21 to C40. All caste forms ofR.virginicus contained the same components, but showed caste-specific proportions. Comparison of these hydrocarbons with those of the sympatric termiteR. flavipes (Kollar) suggest that cuticular hydrocarbons might serve as species- and caste-recognition cues. A bioassay was developed to test this species-recognition hypothesis, with the experimental results supporting the hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00990755
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