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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Owing to the initial necrosis to which any freely transplanted biological graft is subjected, meniscus transplantation is based on similar principles to meniscal regeneration. Both methods rely on repopulation of extrinsic cells of the graft. In the former procedure a biological matrix (meniscus, tendon, fatpad) is used as graft (scaffold), whereas in meniscal regeneration commercially available resorbable or non-resorbable scaffolds are implanted. However, the cellular (re)population and (re)vitalization process is deleterious rather than beneficial for the function of the graft as the remodelling of the tissue leads to shrinkage and narrowing of the implant. In addition, improper fixation and subsequent elongation of the anterior and posterior bony attachments leads to peripheral graft dislocation, loss of the load distribution function, and subsequently to cartilage degeneration. Hence, meniscus transplantation or regeneration faces two major problems: 1) remodelling of graft to inferior tissue properties after allograft transplantation, or lacking establishment of normal tissue properties after use of biological matrixes other than the meniscus (fatpad, tendon), or commercially available matrixes; 2) improper fixation with elongation of the anterior and posterior attachments. Furthermore, use of allografts incorporates the risk for disease transmission. Today we are unable to control these problems, and therefore the concept of meniscal replacement does not work yet. Further research is necessary to control remodelling and improve fixation to make this procedure a successful one in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 10 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The influence of oophorectomy or continuous administration of estradiol on the tensile properties of the rabbit knee medial collateral ligament was investigated. Young postpubertal female New Zealand white rabbits were either oophorectomized or underwent a sham operation. The sham-operated animals received in addition a daily dosage of 4 mg 17β-estradiol. After 5 months the animals were killed, and the material properties of the bone-ligament-bone complex in one knee were determined using a material testing machine and video system, and compared to non-treated control animals. There was no difference in elastic modulus between the groups. However, the ligaments from low-dose estrogen-treated animals had a smaller cross-sectional area and a higher ultimate tensile strength than those from controls or oophorectomized rabbits (P〈0.04–0.0003).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 5 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: It may be assumed that exercises that provoke high sagittal plane knee translations also induce high stresses on an anterior cruciate ligament substitute and, therefore, these exercises should be limited during the first months after reconstruction. In 18 patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament deficiency, sagittal plane knee translations were measured with a goniometer linkage system during common activities. The largest translations were found during low-speed isokinetic exercises. Further, isokinetic and isometric exercises on the Cybex-II dynamometer provoked in more than 40% of the patients larger translations on the injured than on the healthy knee. However, isometric exercises without distally applied load only provoked small translation. During bicycling, translations increased with increasing resistance similarly in both limbs. Except for walking downstairs, load-bearing exercises, such as sitting down and standing up from a chair and walking upstairs, only produced negligible amounts of tibial translation. In conclusion, during the early phase after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, activities such as bicycling and some weightbearing exercises seem to be more recommendable than low-speed isokinetic exercises, isometric contractions at a low knee flexion angle with distally applied load or walking downstairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Ultrasructure Research 92 (1985), S. 36-46 
    ISSN: 0022-5320
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 178 (1991), S. 1092-1098 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: To study the remodelling process after meniscus replacement and to learn how to control it will be a key topic for future research. Not enough is known about the importance of precision in meniscal fixation and how to make the insertions as strong as in the normal meniscus. Methods to measure load-distribution, mechanical properties of the graft and status of the cartilage should be developed. A number of different auto- and allografts have been shown to heal and revascularize, but whether the grafts are functioning is not known. Meniscal scaffolds, which can be used for replacement of partial meniscal loss, need to be tested. Scaffolds and tissue engineering will be the subject of intensive research in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 28 (1999), S. 61-67 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Articular cartilage • Repair • Cell culture • Growth factors ; Schlüsselwörter Gelenkknorpel • Heilung • Zellkultur • Wachstumsfaktoren
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Klinische Ergebnisse nach Gelenkknorpelersatzoperationen mit vorkultivierten autologen Zellen liegen seit 1994 vor. Die Qualität der klinischen Ergebnisse kann heute noch nicht beurteilt werden, da keine Studien vorliegen, die diese Methode mit anderen üblichen Methoden (konservative Behandlung, Knochenbohrung, Transplantation von Periost) wissenschaftlich vergleichen. Laut experimenteller Forschung im Tierversuch scheint die Transplantation von vorkultivierten Zellen, Wachstumsfaktoren und verschiedenen biologischen Trägersubstanzen in Defekte des Gelenkknorpels in der Form, wie sie heute angewendet wird, nicht die Qualität zu erreichen, die wünschenswert erscheint. Es ist auch zweifelhaft, ob diese Methoden wirklich besser sind als die Spontanheilung nach Knochenbohrung. Die Anwendung von vorkultivierten Zellen und Wachstumsfaktoren scheint jedoch ein gewisses Potential zu besitzen, wenn wir in der Zukunft lernen, diese Substanzen in optimaler Weise und Konzentration einzusetzen. Bevor diese Vorbedingungen erfüllt sind und kein klarer und vor allem zuverlässiger Vorteil gegenüber der Spontanheilung bewiesen werden kann, sollte klinisch die am geringsten invasive Methode angewendet werden, nämlich die konservative Behandlung oder in therapieresistenten Fällen die Knochenbohrung ohne weitere Zusätze.
    Notes: Summary Clinical results using transplantation of precultivated autologous chondrocytes for treatment of circumscribed chondral injuries in the knee joint have been presented 1994. The quality of this method for clinical use can not be evaluated at the moment since controlled randomized trials comparing this method with bone drilling, use of periostal flaps or conservative treatment do not exist. According to recent experimental results, techniques using precultivated cells, growth factors and different scaffolds for repair of limited cartilage defects are not satisfactory yet, and it is unproven whether these methods are superior to simple bone-drilling. Use of precultivated cells and growth factors might nevertheless have a potential in the future, when we have learned to use them under optimized conditions. Unless these conditions have been developed and proven to reliably improve cartilage repair above previous methods, in a clinical case the treatment should be chosen which is the least invasive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Bone formation ; Development ; Axons ; Cartilage canals ; Neuropeptides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In view of recent evidence that nerves may be involved in bone formation, the present study examines the local occurrence of axons at the onset of secondary ossification center formation in the knee region of developing rats. Radiographic and histological examination showed that secondary ossification center formation commenced at day 10. At day 15 the epiphyseal ossification had reached a relatively mature state. As seen by light microscopy, cartilage canals first appeared at day 5, reaching the epiphyseal center by day 9. Axons exhibiting a neurofilament-like immunoreactivity emerged from the perichondrial plexa into the cartilage canals. Many calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive and substance P (SP)-immunoreactive axons were found in the canals, as well as in the perichondrium. Axons with tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity were not found in the canals, but such fibers occurred in relation to blood vessels at other sites. The canal-related axons disappeared between days 13 and 15, and the canals themselves did not persist beyond bone formation. As seen in the electron microscope, an individual canal contained 3–10 unmyelinated Schwann cell-enclosed axons with diameters of 0.1–2.0 μm. These observations show that putative sensory unmyelinated axons with CGRP-and SP-like immunoreactivity are transiently present during initiation of bone formation in developing epiphyses. Whether there is a causal relation between transient innervation and osteogenesis remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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