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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High quality Si1−x−yGexCy epitaxial layers grown on (100) Si by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition using methylsilane (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 259-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have produced epitaxial Si1−x−yGexCy/Si heterostructures by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition using methylsilane SiCH6). These layers were grown in the SiH4/GeH4/SiCH6/H2 system between 550 and 600 °C at 1.5 Torr. Suitable process conditions were found that allow very efficient substitutional carbon incorporation. No carbon cross contamination was observed. Crystal quality, chemical composition, and lattice strain were deduced from Nomarski microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction. Defect-free alloy layers with compositions of up to 20 at.% Ge and 2.2 at. % C were produced. The lattice parameter was tailored so that the strain in these layers gradually moved from compressive to tensile. A tensile strain of up to 0.35% was achieved. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114686
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Joint statistics between temperature and its dissipation rate components in a round jet (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 1665-1673 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The joint statistics between the temperature fluctuation θ and all three components of the temperature dissipation rate εθ are investigated in the self-preserving region of a slightly heated turbulent round jet. The main factors which determine the correlation between θ and εθ are the asymmetry of p(θ), the probability density function (PDF) of θ, and the anisotropy of the small-scale turbulence. The assumption of statistical independence between θ and εθ appears to be more closely approximated in this flow than in a turbulent plane jet. Relatedly, the assumption of local isotropy is also more closely satisfied in the round jet than in the plane jet. When θ is in the range ±2 standard deviations, the expectations of all components of εθ, conditioned on θ, are approximately equal in the fully turbulent part of the flow; the magnitude of the conditional expectation is consistent with the independence assumption. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868484
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrections to Taylor's hypothesis in a turbulent circular jet (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 6 (1994), S. 1548-1552 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The relation between mean square values of the time derivative θ,t(≡∂θ/∂t) and the spatial derivatives θ,i(≡∂θ/∂xi; i=1, 2, 3) of the temperature fluctuation θ, obtained with the assumptions of homogeneity and independence between small scales and large scales, is experimentally verified in the self-preserving region of a circular jet where the turbulence intensity levels are relatively high. Local isotropy is approximately satisfied in the fully turbulent region of this flow and Wyngaard and Clifford's [J. Atmos. Sci. 34, 922 (1977)] simplified relation between θ,t2 and θ,12 is shown to be quite adequate in this region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868268
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vorticity characteristics of the turbulent intermediate wake (1996)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 20 (1996), S. 383-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the lateral components ω j (j=2 and 3) of the vorticity fluctuation vector have been made, using a vorticity probe consisting of two X-wires, in the intermediate wake of a circular cylinder. The effect of the spatial resolution of the probe on the measurement of ω j has been studied. As the spatial resolution impairs, the variance and flatness factor of ω j decrease whereas the skewness of ω j increases. Reasonably accurate values of ω j 2 can be obtained by applying spectral corrections for the spatial resolution effect. Near the beginning of the intermediate wake, the variance of ω 2 is larger than that of ω 3 due to the significant contribution from ribs which connect consecutive spanwise roll vortices. This difference decreases with downstream distance. Also, the presence of the rolls is reflected by a local extremum in the skewness of ω 3 on each side of the wake centerline. The magnitude of the extremum decreases with downstream distance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00191020
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of fluorescein dye and temperature fluctuations in a turbulent near-wake (2000)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 28 (2000), S. 462-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique was used to determine a few characteristics of a high Schmidt number (Sc) passive scalar (fluorescein) in the near-wake of a circular cylinder. The mean and rms concentration indicate that increasing the Reynolds number (Re) improves the large-scale mixing and accelerates the homogenisation of the scalar. As Re increases, the intensity of segregation decreases because of turbulent diffusion but the scale of segregation increases due to dispersion. Comparison between concentration and temperature rms profiles indicates that molecular diffusion has a much smaller effect on the decay of the scalar variance than the Reynolds number. The ratio of mean-squared values of lateral and streamwise spatial derivatives of the scalar fluctuation deviates from isotropy, the departure increasing with Re. This reflects more the effect of dispersion by the turbulent velocity field rather than any molecular diffusion effect. At a given Re, the ratio decreases as the distance from the cylinder increases. This trend is more accentuated near the edge of the wake than at the centreline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrections for velocity and temperature derivatives in turbulent flows (1993)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 14 (1993), S. 203-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Spectral corrections, which are based on local isotropy, are presented for all the spatial derivatives of velocity and temperature fluctuations which feature in the average dissipations of turbulent energy and temperature. The corrections, which compensate for the spectral attenuation due to the separation between sensors, depend only weakly on the choice of the three-dimensional energy (or temperature) spectrum and therefore on the turbulence Reynolds number. Corrections are also obtained for the variances of velocity and temperature derivatives. The diagonal velocity derivatives require smaller corrections than either the off-diagonal velocity derivatives or the temperature derivatives. Corrections of comparable magnitude are required for the average dissipations of turbulent energy and temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189511
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Centreline mixing characteristics of jets from nine differently shaped nozzles (2000)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 28 (2000), S. 93-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  The centreline mixing characteristics of jets from nozzles with nine different cross-sectional shapes are compared. It is shown that the breakdown of axisymmetry of the initial jet configuration generally results in increased mean-velocity decay and increased RMS fluctuations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050012
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