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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rheumatoid factors in rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis (1985)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 5 (1985), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Schlagwort(e): Rheumatoid factors ; ELISA ; Vasculitis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary To study the occurrence of rheumatoid factors (RF) in relation to the activity of rheumatoid arthritis and the occurrence of vasculitis, RF of IgM, IgA, and IgG classes were measured in sera from 35 patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using ELISA. For 26 patients, the RF levels were studied longitudinally and compared with changes in the articular index. Although IgM RF was occasionally found in patients without RA, IgA and/or IgG RF were almost exclusively associated with RA. The titers of IgM, IgA, and IgG RF were significantly higher in sera from patients with clinically diagnosed rheumatoid vasculitis than in sera from patients without vasculitis. No significant correlation between changes in the articular index and changes in titer of any class-specific RF could be found for the group of RA patients as a whole. However, in individual patients, increases or decreases in IgM and IgG RF titer were significantly correlated with an increase or decrease in the articular index.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541338
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Value of antibodies to GAD65 combined with islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies for predicting IDDM in a childhood population (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 917-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): GAD65 antibodies ; islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies ; predictive value ; IDDM in childhood
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The value of a test for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies together with a test for GAD65 antibodies to predict the subsequent development of diabetes over a period of 11.5 years was assessed in an open childhood population comprising 2,805 individuals. A single serum sample was obtained from each individual between 1975 and 1977 and screened for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies for which eight individuals were positive (0.29%). During the average follow-up period of 11.5 years, four of eight islet cell antibody positive and three islet cell antibody negative individuals developed clinical diabetes. Sera from all individuals, who were islet cell antibody positive and/ or developed diabetes (total of 11) and from 100 randomly selected control subjects were analysed for GAD65 antibodies. Six of eight islet cell antibody positive individuals were GAD65 antibody positive including all four who subsequently developed IDDM. Furthermore, one of the three islet cell antibody negative individuals who developed IDDM was GAD65 antibody positive both in 1976 and in 1989. Thus, a positive test for GAD65 antibodies alone correctly predicted diabetes in five of seven children, who developed the disease. Only one of the children, who developed diabetes was positive for insulin autoantibodies and this individual was also positive for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies and GAD65 antibodies. One of the 100 control subjects was positive for GAD65 antibodies (1%). The results suggest that a single GAD65 antibody test may have a higher sensitivity for predicting IDDM than a test for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies, but that a combined positive test for both antibodies increases the specificity for predicting IDDM over a period of 11.5 years.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400948
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of islet cell antibodies on frozen sections of human pancreas (1983)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 25 (1983), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Islet cell antibodies ; indirect immunofluorescence ; insulin-dependent diabetes ; assay reproducibility ; assay precision
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The sensitivity and specificity of the assay for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies in human serum were examined using cryostat sections from fresh frozen pancreas. The specificity of the assay was close to 100% while the sensitivity was 40%–98% depending on the pancreas used. Inter-observer variation was 12–27%. End-point titres of islet cell antibodies varied with the sensitivity of each pancreas. End-point titration of the antibodies in two different laboratories using the same pancreas was significantly correlated (Spearman test p 〈 0.001). We conclude that a reliable determination of islet cell antibody titres in human serum requires careful characterization of the sensitivity and specificity of each pancreas used as a source of frozen sections, in the indirect immunofluorescence assay.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250895
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The third international workshop on the standardisation of insulin autoantibody measurement (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 60-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586462
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of precision, concordance, specificity, and sensitivity of islet cell antibody measurement in 41 assays (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 731-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Islet cell antibody ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes ; standards ; quality control ; Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Forty-one assays were analysed at the 3rd International Workshop on the standardisation of islet cell antibodies. Analysis of precision demonstrated assays consistently detecting blind duplicates within one doubling dilution and capable of discriminating one doubling dilution differences in islet cell antibody concentration. Some assays, however, reported duplicates discrepantly by more than seven doubling dilutions, and consequently could not distinguish even large quantities of islet cell antibodies. Precision was best in assays from laboratories which had participated in all three Standardisation Workshops and was not dependent upon methodology. The use of the Juvenile, Diabetes Foundation reference islet cell antibody standard and standard curves reduced the scatter of results, and was best amongst assays with better precision. Twenty-seven assays reported all ten blood donor sera as negative. However, 14 assays did not, and specificity (negativity in health) was 〈50% in three assays. Low specificity was strongly associated with poor precision. The detection limit of assays ranged from 〈5 to 50 JDF units and was partially dependent upon methodology. Assays incorporating extended incubation had the lowest detection limits without a decrease in the specificity of the ten blood donor sera. Precise quantification is fundamental for the standardisation and comparability of islet cell antibodies. Precise quantitative assays have been identified and reference standards and common units established.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400345
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Fourth International Serum Exchange Workshop to standardize cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 534-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403293
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Value of antibodies to GAD65 combined with islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies for predicting IDDM in a childhood population (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 917-924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words GAD65 antibodies ; islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies ; predictive value ; IDDM in childhood.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The value of a test for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies together with a test for GAD65 antibodies to predict the subsequent development of diabetes over a period of 11.5 years was assessed in an open childhood population comprising 2,805 individuals. A single serum sample was obtained from each individual between 1975 and 1977 and screened for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies for which eight individuals were positive (0.29 %). During the average follow-up period of 11.5 years, four of eight islet cell antibody positive and three islet cell antibody negative individuals developed clinical diabetes. Sera from all individuals, who were islet cell antibody positive and/or developed diabetes (total of 11) and from 100 randomly selected control subjects were analysed for GAD65 antibodies. Six of eight islet cell antibody positive individuals were GAD65 antibody positive including all four who subsequently developed IDDM. Furthermore, one of the three islet cell antibody negative individuals who developed IDDM was GAD65 antibody positive both in 1976 and in 1989. Thus, a positive test for GAD65 antibodies alone correctly predicted diabetes in five of seven children, who developed the disease. Only one of the children, who developed diabetes was positive for insulin autoantibodies and this individual was also positive for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies and GAD65 antibodies. One of the 100 control subjects was positive for GAD65 antibodies (1 %). The results suggest that a single GAD65 antibody test may have a higher sensitivity for predicting IDDM than a test for islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies, but that a combined positive test for both antibodies increases the specificity for predicting IDDM over a period of 11.5 years. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 917–924]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400948
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prediction of type 1 diabetes mellitus—a report on three cases (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 143 (1985), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Juvenile diabetes mellitus ; Child ; Pre-diabetic state ; Autoantibodies ; Histocompatibility antigens
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In three children (patients 1, 2 and 3) insulindependency was predicted 28, 32 and 4 months, respectively before the disease became clinically manifest, by the finding of islet cell antibodies at that time. These retrospective findings support the evidence for a long pre-diabetic phase in childhood diabetes, marked by the presence of islet cell antibodies, as well as the linkage of HLA-antigens to the susceptibility to this disease. The possibility of detecting pre-diabetic states in children before the endogenous insulin secretion decreases to the point of producing clinical symptoms support efforts by basic scientists to develop techniques for immunological intervention early in the course of the disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442131
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Islet cell cytoplasmic antibody reactivity in midgestational human fetal pancreas (1994)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 31 (1994), S. 232-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Islet cell antibody ; Human fetal pancreas ; Indirect immunofluorescence ; Humoral autoimmunity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The reactivity of islet cell cytoplasmic antibodies (ICA)-positive and ICA-negative sera of recent onset type 1 diabetic patients was studied in human fetal pancreata of 12–18 weeks' gestation and compared with the reactivity of these sera in adult human control pancreata. The aims of the study were: (1) to observe the presence of ICA staining in human fetal islet cells; (2) to compare endpoint titres (in Juvenile Diabetes Foundation units) of ICA-positive patient sera in fetal pancreata and adult human control pancreata. Ten ICA-positive sera and eight ICA-negative sera from newly diagnosed diabetic patients and four sera from healthy controls were tested on three human adult and eight human fetal pancreata. As in the adult control pancreata. ICA-positive sera reacted to insulin-, glucagon-, and somatostatin-positive cells of fetal pancreata of all gestational ages. This was observed both in single cells and in cells in islet-like cell clusters. Dilution of a reference serum gave similar results in both adult and fetal pancreata. In contrast, the ICA-positive patient sera yielded a striking heterogeneity in fetal as well as in adult pancreata. However, end-point titres between adult and fetal pancreata did not differ significantly (P〉0.05). In conclusion, ICA-positive sera from recent onset diabetic patients show that the expression of molecules to which ICA react is present in all islet cells and starts before week 12 of gestation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571957
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