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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic linkage mapping in Acacia mangium 1. Evaluation of restriction endonucleases, inheritance of RFLP loci and their conservation across species (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 576-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Acacia ; RFLP ; Restriction enzymes ; Genome mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Random genomic probes were used to assess levels of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in two 2-generation outbred pedigrees of Acacia mangium Willd. Probes were evaluated for their ability to detect polymorphic loci in each pedigree and to determine the relative efficiency of different restriction enzymes in revealing polymorphisms. Sixty two percent of the probes which detected single- or low-copy number sequences revealed polymorphisms with at least one restriction enyzme. HpaII was the most efficient in detecting polymorphism among first-generation individuals. The recognition sequence of HpaII contains a CpG dimer, suggesting that cytosines in the CpG sequence may be hotspots for mutation in plant genomes, as previously reported in bacterial and mammalian genomes. Mendelian inheritance of 230 loci was demonstrated based on single-locus segregation in second-generation individuals. Less than 5% of loci showed evidence of segregation distortion. The proportion of fully informative loci (15%) was lower than previously reported in eucalypts reflecting the lower level of genetic diversity in A. mangium. The RFLP probes are suitable for the construction of a high-density genetic linkage map in A. mangium. Cross-hybridisation of the A.mangium RFLPs to DNA from species representing the three subgenera of the genus Acacia indicates that these markers could be used in breeding programs of other diploid acacias, for comparative studies of genome organisation, and for phylogenetic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050076
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic linkage mapping in Acacia mangium. 2. Development of an integrated map from two outbred pedigrees using RFLP and microsatellite loci (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 594-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Genomic map ; Acacia mangium ; Recombination rate ; Microsatellites ; RFLP ; Legumes ; Polyads
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  An integrated genetic linkage map, comprised of 219 RFLP and 33 microsatellite loci in 13 linkage groups, was constructed using two outbred pedigrees of Acacia mangium Willd. The linkage groups ranged in size from 23 to 103 cM and the total map length was 966 cM. Individual maps were made for each pedigree and the ordering of loci was consistent with the integrated map. The use of two independent pedigrees allowed a comparison of recombination rates between linked loci in male and female meioses as well as between parents. Differences were confined to specific regions and were not uniform across the male and female genomes or between genotypes. The heterogeneity in recombination frequencies did not result in major differences in the ordering of loci between pedigrees; hence, the integrated map provides a sound basis for QTL detection, leading to marker-assisted selection in A. mangium. It also provides a reference map for comparative genome analysis in acacias. The co-dominant markers used for mapping provide a useful resource in population studies and for quality control in acacia breeding programs. Detection of a relatively high proportion of selfs in pods derived from flowers which were not emasculated (30%), compared with emasculated flowers (0.01%), indicates that emasculation is desirable for efficient delivery of control-crossed seed in acacia breeding programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051521
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical genetics of some seed proteins of Pinus radiata (1981)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 19 (1981), S. 585-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: seed proteins ; Pinus radiata ; size polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In a high-salt soluble fraction of the total protein from single seeds of Pinus radiata, up to 45 polypeptides were resolved on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. At least one-fifth of these polypeptides showed variation between seeds. In the 27,000–29,000 dalton region, two polypeptides were inherited as codominant alleles at a single locus and were shown to assort independently of another seed protein locus and three allozyme loci. A survey of 120 individuals from the five known native populations of P. radiata in California detected only the 27K and 29K alleles at the locus. In all populations, the 29K allele predominated, and the two island populations were monomorphic for the 29K allele. The 27 and 29 kdalton polypeptides were shown to have very similar amino acid sequences, and the allelic difference at this locus is most probably in the gene sequence for the polypeptide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00484628
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin and genetic diversity of Pinus radiata in Australia (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1987), S. 616-622 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic diversity ; Pinus radiata ; Isozymes ; Breeding programs ; Domestication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Despite the fact that forest trees are in early stages of domestication there has been little direct evaluation of either the origin of, or genetic diversity within the breeding material in tree improvement programs. Allozyme variation was used to compare the total genetic diversity in the breeding programs of P. radiata within Australia and the five wild populations in North America. The current breeding populations were very similar genetically and were essentially homogenous with only 1.8% of the variation among programs. The total genetic diversity in the species was 0.12, which is a low estimate compared to most conifers. Overall in the Australian material the genetic diversity was somewhat less. The comparison of allelic frequencies in the five native populations with the Australian material indicates that the Monterey and Año Nuevo populations were probably the major source of the original introductions and that a substantial portion of the genetic diversity in the two populations has been captured in current breeding programs. The three southern populations do not appear to be currently represented in the breeding programs. The implications for future breeding strategies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00289203
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An integrated genetic linkage map for eucalypts using RFLP, RAPD and isozyme markers (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 869-875 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic map ; Linkage ; Eucalypts ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An integrated genetic linkage map for E. nitens was constructed in an outbred three-generation pedigree. Analysis of 210 RFLP, 125 RAPD and 4 isozyme loci resulted in 330 markers linked in 12 linkage groups covering 1462 cM (n=11 in eucalypts). The 12th linkage group is comprised of only 5 markers and will probably coalesce with another linkage group when further linked loci are located. Co-dominant RFLP loci segregating in both parents were used to integrate linkages identified in the male and female parents. Differences in recombination frequencies in the two parents were observed for a number of pairs of loci, and duplication of sequences was identified both within and between linkage groups. The markers were distributed randomly across the genome except for the RFLPs in linkage group 10 and for some loci showing segregation distortion, which were clustered into three regions of the map. The use of a large number of co-dominant RFLP loci in this map enables it to be used in other pedigrees of E. nitens and forms a basis for the detection and location of QTL in E. nitens and other eucalypt species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223894
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A genetic linkage map for Pinus radiata based on RFLP, RAPD, and microsatellite markers (1996)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 92 (1996), S. 673-679 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pinus radiata ; Genetic linkage map ; RFLP ; RAPD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A genetic linkage map for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) has been constructed using segregation data from a three-generation outbred pedigree. A total of 208 loci were analyzed including 165 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), 41 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 2 microsatellite markers. The markers were assembled into 22 linkage groups of 2 or more loci and covered a total distance of 1382 cM. Thirteen loci were unlinked to any other marker. Of the RFLP loci that were mapped, 93 were detected by loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) cDNA probes that had been previously mapped or evaluated in that species. The remaining 72 RFLP loci were detected by radiata pine probes from a PstI genomic DNA library. Two hundred and eighty RAPD primers were evaluated, and 41 loci which were segregating in a 1∶1 ratio were mapped. Two microsatellite markers were also placed on the map. This map and the markers derived from it will have wide applicability to genetic studies in P. radiata and other pine species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226088
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of quantitative trait loci influencing frost tolerance in Eucalyptus nitens (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 975-979 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Eucalypts ; QTL ; Frost tolerance ; Genetic mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Regions of the genome influencing frost tolerance in an outbred family of Eucalyptus nitens have been identified. Two QTLs present on the same linkage group, but located 40 cM apart, were identified using single-factor analysis of variance. The QTLs explained between 7.7 and 10.8% of the phenotypic variation for frost tolerance in this family. Analysis of marker loci linked to the QTLs showed one of them to have a simple mode of action with the effect segregating from the male parent in the family. For the other QTL multiple alleles were identified. This QTL showed segregation from the female parent which gave a positive effect on frost tolerance; however, an allele segregating from the male parent was identified which showed a negative interaction with the allele for increased frost tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050650
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and mode of action of quantitative trait loci affecting seedling height and leaf area in Eucalyptus nitens (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 674-681 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Eucalypts ; Height ; Leaf area ; Genetic mapping ; Pleiotrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Regions of the genome influencing height and leaf area in seedlings of a three-generation outbred pedigree of Eucalyptus nitens have been identified. Three QTLs affecting height and two QTLs affecting leaf area were located using single-factor analysis of variance. The three QTLs affecting height each explained between 10.3 and 14.7% of the phenotypic variance, while the two QTLs for leaf area each explained between 9.8 and 11.6% of the phenotypic variation. Analysis of fully informative marker loci linked to the QTLs enabled the mode of action of the QTLs to be investigated. For three loci the QTL effect segregated from only one parent, while for two loci the QTL showed multiple alleles and the effect segregated from both parents in the pedigree. The two QTLs affecting leaf area were located in the same regions as two of the QTLs affecting height. Analysis of these regions with fully informative markers showed that both QTLs were linked to the same markers, but one had a similar size of effects and a similar mode of action for both height and leaf area, whilst the other showed a different mode of action for the two traits. These regions may contain two closely linked genes or may involve a single gene with a pleiotrophic effect on both height and leaf area. The QTL with the greatest effect showed multiple alleles and an intra-locus interaction that reduced the size of the effect. Assessment for two of the QTLs in a second related family did not show an effect associated with the marker loci; however, this was consistent with the mode of action of these QTLs and the pattern of inheritance in the second family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development, inheritance and cross-species amplification of microsatellite markers from Acacia mangium (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 101 (2000), S. 1282-1290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Acacia mangium ; Microsatellites ; Simple sequence repeats ; Genome mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Microsatellite markers were developed in Acacia mangium Willd. to provide highly variable co-dominant markers for linkage mapping and studies of the breeding system. After an enrichment procedure 40% of colonies contained microsatellites in contrast with less than 1% from a non-enriched library. The majority of microsatellite sequences were AC repeats. Co-dominant segregation of alleles in two full-sib crosses of A. mangium was demonstrated at 33 microsatellite loci. The markers were highly variable relative to restriction fragment lengths polymorphisms (RFLPs). In the two pedigrees 53% of microsatellite loci were fully informative compared with 15% of RFLPs. Based on alleles detected among four parental genotypes, the microsatellites consisting of dinucleotide repeats were more polymorphic than those with tri- and tetra-nucleotide repeats. The microsatellite markers were not as transferable across species in the genus Acacia as RFLPs. Two thirds of the primers developed in A. mangium (subgenus Phyllodineae, section Juliflorae) amplified DNA from other species within the same section but failed to amplify in species from the subgenus Acacia. The availability of multiallelic, PCR-based, co-dominant microsatellite loci makes possible efficient studies of gene flow and breeding systems in A. mangium, a species with low allozyme variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051608
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal heterogeneity of outcrossing rates in alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis R.T. Bak.) (1980)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 57 (1980), S. 101-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Eucalyptus ; Allozyme variation ; Breeding system ; Inbreeding ; Life cycles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three seed crops of a Eucalyptus delegatensis population were assayed for their allozyme genotype at three loci to determine estimates of mating system parameters. In the pollen the allelic frequencies at each of the three loci were similar to those in the parents and the progeny. Overall there was a significant amount of inbreeding (23%) in the population. The levels of outcrossing in each crop were significantly different from each other indicating apparent temporal variation in outcrossing rates. The outcrossing rate was greatest in the oldest crop (85%) and lowest in the most recent crop (66%). Mean heterozygosity in the progeny of all three crops was less than the heterozygosity in the parents indicating that selection favours heterozygotes during the life cycle. The implications of a ‘balanced’ mixed mating system for a eucalypt breeding program are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00253877
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