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  • 1
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: Monocyte/macrophages within the mesangium plays some important roles in the progression of renal glomerular injury in which prostanoids exert a broad range of actions. We have examined the production of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a monocyte-specific cytokine, by human glomerular mesangial cells (MC) and its regulation by prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). the MCSF production by MC under non-stimulatory conditions was below detectable levels by ELISA, and was also at a trace level in the steady-state M-CSF mRNA expression. Proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced the M-CSF production in the protein and mRNA levels. Both beraprost, a stable analogue of prostacyclin, and PGE2 attenuated the IL-1β- or TNF-α-driven M-CSF production. Indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, enhanced the IL-1β- or TNF at-induced M-CSF production. Beraprost and PGE2 showed similar inhibitory effects in the presence of indomethacin. Forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase, and dibutyryl cAMP decreased the M-CSF production. These results indicate that: (i) human MC have capacity to produce M-CSF; (ii) exogenous prostacyclin and PGE2 downregulate the IL-1β- or TNF-α-driven M-CSF production possibly by an increase of intracellular cAMP; and (iii) endogenous prostanoids can exert on the M-CSF production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome ; Proteinuria ; Anionic sites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The relationship of glomerular anionic sites to proteinuria was examined ultrastructurally in human nephrotic syndrome. The anionic sites were analysed morphometrically in patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS, 11 patients) and in other glomerulonephritides complicated with nephrotic syndrome (4 patients) by the high-iron diamine-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate method. The anionic sites in MCNS patients in remission (7 patients) were normal. In contrast, the anionic sites in nephrotic patients with MCNS (4 patients) and the other glomerulonephritides were decreased in number. Moreover, smaller and irregularly distributed anionic sites or the greater loss of them from the paramesangial region were observed in the nephrotic patients. The loss of glomerular anionic sites may induce structural alteration of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangial matrix. The loss and structural abnormalities of glomerular anionic sites in nephrotic patients may be one of the mechanisms responsible for massive proteinuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Hodgkin's disease ; Frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome ; Minimal change nephrotic syndrome ; Natural killer cell activity deficiency ; Relapse of Hodgkin's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 15-year-old boy developed minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) during remission of Hodgkin's disease. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was practically absent at the onset of MCNS, with a value of 3% compared with the normal value of 44.1%±7.8% (mean ± SD). Treatment with prednisolone resulted in transient remission of MCNs and partial improvement of NK cell activity. Extensive investigations for Hodgkin's disease were performed at 1- to 3-month intervals; a relapse finally became apparent 25 months after the diagnosis of MCNS. Successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease resulted in complete disappearance of proteinuria and normalisation of NK cell activity. Frequently relapsing MCNS with NK cells deficiency during remission of Hodgkin's disease appears to imply its subclinical relapse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) results from an impairment of bicarbonate (HCO3–) reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules, characterized by a decreased renal HCO3– threshold. pRTA commonly occurs as a manifestation of a generalized functional defect in proximal tubules ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Alkali therapy ; Growth ; Permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis ; AbbreviationsHV height velocity ; NBC bicarbonate transporter ; pRTA proximal renal tubular acidosis ; RTA renal tubular acidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 12-year-old girl presented with permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA), glaucoma, band keratopathy, mild cataract and short stature. Severe metabolic acidosis was caused by the impairment of bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubules and alkali therapy improved her acidaemia. A homozygous G to A transition at nucleotide 1,678 in the basolateral kidney type Na+/HCO3 − (kNBC) co-transporter gene SLC4A4, which is critical in HCO3 − resorption in renal proximal tubules, was identified. Her height and height velocity (HV) were very low (−4.0 SD and −4.4 SD, respectively) before alkali treatment, but both improved after initiating alkali therapy at the age of 2 years and 3 months. The patient's body height and HV were 131.5 cm (−2.7 SD) and 4.0 cm (−2.0 SD), respectively at the age of 12 years. Conclusion This case demonstrates that early administration of alkali therapy and sustained correction of acidosis, even if inadequate to correct the metabolic acidosis, can markedly improves growth in permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 22 (1978), S. 2817-2829 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Domains of cholesteric liquid crystal structures exist in films of heterogeneous network polymers from poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) and poly(oxyethylene glycol) (PEG M̄n = 302, 1003). The sizes and the amounts of the domains are dependent on the PGA content, the evaporation rate of the solvent, and the molecular weight of PEG. At the PGA content of 40% by weight, the sizes of the domains increase, the glass transition temperatures shift to higher temperatures, and the densities increase with increase in the rate of solvent evaporation. These observations suggest that the phase separation of PEG takes place at a PGA content of 40% when the evaporation rate is small. On the other hand, at a PGA content of 70% by weight, the sizes of the domains increase, the glass transition temperatures shift to higher temperatures, and the densities vary little with decrease in the rate of solvent evaporation. These observations suggest that PEG molecules are accommodated among α-helices of PGA and that the cholesteric liquid crystal phase grows at a PGA content of 70% when the evaporation rate is small.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 3381-3405 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Heterogeneous network polymers were prepared from poly(D-glutamic acid) (PGA) and poly(oxyethylene glycol) (PEG). The content of PGA was systematically varied: 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 65%, and 70% by weight. The molecular weights of the crosslinking PEG were 300, 600, 900, and 1800. The plots of the dynamic mechanical tan δ peak temperatures, the PGA interhelical distances (x-rays) and the densities against PGA contents showed a distinct break between 50% and 60%. The photographs under polarizing microscope also indicated an occurrence of phase inversion in the above content region. PGA containing small amounts of PEG and PEG containing small amounts of PGA were found to constitute the continuous phases, respectively, above and below the phase inversion region, while a well-mixed phase is always the dispersed phase. The glass transition was ascribed to the micro-Brownian motions of PGA, PEG, and PEG above and below the phase inversion region, respectively.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 12 (1974), S. 501-513 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Heterogeneous network polymers composed of rigid polypeptide chains and flexible polyether chains were synthesized. That is, poly(L-glutamic acid) (PLGA) was crosslinked with poly(oxyethylene glycol) (PEG) at various carboxy/hydroxyl mole ratios K. The solubility tests and hydrolysis of heterogeneous network polymers suggest that the crosslinking reaction proceeds by esterification. The dynamic mechanical properties of these polymers(100 Hz, -100-200°C) are greatly influenced by the presence of a trace of water and the weight per cent of PLGA. In addition, some of these polymers show only one maximum in the temperature dispersion of dynamic loss modulus E″ and tan δ, although their shape is rather broad. The x-ray photographs of these polymers show an amorphous halo or weak Debye-Sherrer rings. These findings suggest that these polymers are not simple adducts; neverthless PLGA and/or PEG domains exist.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 13 (1975), S. 1633-1642 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A series of five heterogeneous network polymers was prepared from poly(D-glutamic acid) (PDG) and poly(oxyethylene glycol) (PEG), and their dynamic mechanical properties were studied. The content of PDG was fixed at 60% by weight, and the molecular weight of PEG was changed to obtain networks with various crosslink densities. An increase in the PEG molecular weight from 330 to 880 caused considerable broadening of tan δ and E″ curves, and peak temperatures for tan δ and E″ decreased slightly. Curves of tan δ and E″ for PDG-PEG 4000 (indicating a PEG component of molecular weight 4,000) were much broader and the existence of two peaks was recognized. These findings and x-ray photographs suggest that PDG-PEG 330, 570, and 880 give films of fairly uniform phase, but that PDG-PEG 1830 and 4000 give films with two-phase structure. The factors influencing the dynamic mechanical properties in decreasing order of effectiveness are found to be the proportions by weight of PDG and PEG, the compatibility of PDG with PEG, the crosslink density, and the concentration of free carboxyl groups. The infrared spectra of these polymers indicate that at least part of the PDG component retains the α-helix conformation.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 9 (1971), S. 2745-2749 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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