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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Density measurements of poly(acrylic acid) sodium salts (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Density measurements of poly(acrylic acid) sodium salts (PANa) with different degrees of neutralization and water contents are presented. The apparent partial molar volumes of polymer, V 2 * , and the partial molar volumes of water, V1, were calculated from the densities. The values of V 2 * decreased with increasing water content and eventually leveled off. The values of Vj, which at low water contents were much smaller than that of free water increased with increasing water content and reached that of free water, showing consequently the appearance of free water. Before reaching the final value of free water, the data indicated the formation of primary and secondary hydration shells. The structure of primary hydration was suggested to be of octet coordination in which carboxyl oxygen atoms participate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264918
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydration of poly(acrylic acid) sodium salts (1980)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 2 (1980), S. 183-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Drying and water uptake of poly(acrylic acid) sodium salts with different degrees of neutralization were studied. The slowing down of drying speed in solid state was not due to Tg but due to the difficulty of the release of water molecule bound to two metal carboxylates or carboxyls. The equilibrium water uptake remained almost constant below 33 % neutralization, whereas it increased linearly with neutralization beyond 33 %. This was explained by the appearance of vacant sites in octet coordination.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254582
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydration of poly(acrylic acid) potassium salts (1980)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 2 (1980), S. 631-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Drying and water uptake of poly(acrylic acid) potassium salts with different degrees of neutralization were studied. The slowing down of drying speed in solid state was not due to Tg but due to the difficulty of the release of water molecule bound to two metal carboxylates or carboxyls. The equilibrium water uptake decreased below 25% neutralization, whereas it increased linearly with neutralization beyond 25%. The bending in the plot of equilibrium water uptake was explained by the appearance of vacant sites in bodycentered cubic coordination. The initial decrease was attributable to the sum of the two opposite effect, that is, the decrease of free carboxyl groups and the increase in dielectric nature. The results were discussed in connection with those for sodium salts described in the preceding paper.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263035
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pulsed NMR study on the hydration of poly(acrylic acid) salts (1981)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 4 (1981), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Pulsed NMR was applied to measure the spin-lattice (T1) and spin-spin (T2) relaxation times of the equilibrium water absorbed in poly(acrylic acid) lithium salt, sodium salt, and potassium salt. T1 and T2 relaxation time curves for the samples of lithium and sodium salts studied showed single phase behavior, but the sample of potassium salt exhibited two-phase behavior, indicating the existence of water fraction of higher mobility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255105
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ergonomic Automated Anesthesia Recordkeeper using a Mobile Touch Screen with Voice Navigation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 15 (1999), S. 347-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Schlagwort(e): Automated record keeping ; anesthesia workstation ; anthropometric workspace design ; voice response ; human ergonomics ; patient data management system
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Objective. To develop an ergonomically designed computerized recordkeeping tool for anesthesiologists that allows the clinician to maintain visual contact with the patient while performing recordkeeping. Methods.To simplify the human interface software, we developed two general use software components. All purpose menu type 1 (APM1) was used for entering events using a tree structured menu. APM1 was designed to adapt to the limits of human memory, by using Miller's rule of 7 to guide the input process. APM1 can be considered to be a three-dimensional table list consisting of 7 vertical and 7 horizontal choices, which has further 5 tree-structured divergences. APM1 is also completely configurable by the user. All purpose menu 2 (APM2) was used to implement the system-initiated human interface where the system will prompt the user by voice for each entry. When users touch a key on APM1 and APM2, the system was designed to respond with a voice prompt. A touch-screen was also utilized and designed to fit the anesthesia machine. The screen is equipped with a small speaker for voice response and a microphone for voice recognition. The positions of the screen are adjustable supported by a long flexible limb (85 cm). Results. After improving the design, systems were assembled for 10 operating rooms. Of the multiple features of the VOCAAR user interface, the following were well accepted by users and employed daily: touch-screen input, and voice response. The noncompulsory use rate was 87% during the initial 2 weeks, increased to 94% after 2 weeks and 100% after two months. The mean sound emission by voice response (n = 10, mean ± SD) was 8.2 ± 2.3 dB at the main anesthetist site (35 cm from the speaker mounted on the touch-screen), 2.2 ± 1.3 dB at the staff site (1.5 m from the touch-screen), which was only audible for anesthesiologist but for surgeon. Discussion. An EARK system was designed to allow the user to maintain visual contact with the patient while performing recordkeeping tasks. The combination of a mobile touch screen and voice response/recognition facilitated the design goals of the system. Although the system has enjoyed universal clinical acceptance, the voice functions remain too limited to satisfy the needs of a completely handsfree user interface. Enhancements to voice recognition technology will offer the potential for improved functionality. Additional research is also needed to better define the relationship between vigilance and visual contact with the patient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009972223750
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hydration of poly(acrylic acid) lithium salts (1980)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 3 (1980), S. 225-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Drying and water uptake of poly(acrylic acid) lithium salts with different degrees of neutralization were studied. Though the equilibrium water uptake increased with increasing neutralization %, the slope of the plot above ca. 33 % neutralization was greater than that below this neutralization %.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00291961
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Verbal versus non-verbal visual evoked potentials: Kanji versus line drawings (1992)
    Springer
    Brain topography 5 (1992), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6792
    Schlagwort(e): VEPs ; Verbal ; Non-verbal ; Chinese characters ; Line drawings
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cortical areas related to perception of verbal and non-verbal stimuli were studied using VEPs. Kanji characters, line drawings (LD), or a blank were displayed. Verbal VEPs were obtained by subtracting the blank-VEPs from the Kanji-VEPs, and non-verbal VEPs by subtracting the blank-VEPs from the LD-VEPs. Both the verbal and non-verbal VEPs showed a negative peak (100–300 msec) focally over bilateral occipital, posterior temporal and parietal areas, and a positive peak diffusely over frontal halves. Difference between the non-verbal from the verbal VEPs showed an initial peak (100–200 msec) focally over bilateral occipital and posterior temporal areas, followed by a peak (200–300 msec) focally over bilateral posterior temporal areas. The frontal areas diffusely showed peaks at 100–200, 200–300 and 300–400 msec. Left-right asymmetries of both the verbal and non-verbal VEPs showed peaks between 100 and 300 msec over posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital areas. Left-right asymmetries of the subtraction to the non-verbal from the verbal VEPs showed a peak (100 msec) over occipital and parietal areas, and a broader peak over posterior temporal area (100–200 msec). Bilateral occipital, posterior temporal, and parietal areas are focally activated by the two perceptions (100–300 msec), while frontal areas are activated diffusely. Further, different processes may be focally involved between the hemispheres over occipital (100–200 msec) and posterior temporal (100–200 and 200–300 msec) regions. Initial left-right asymmetries of the subtracted VEP between the two perception would occur over occipital and parietal areas (100 msec) and last for 200 msec over posterior temporal area.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01129968
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of polyurethane network elastomers (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 240 (1996), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Polyester urethane network elastomers with incorporated hard segment oligomers have been prepared by poly(ethylene adipate)glycol (PEA), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), and 1,4-butanediol (BD). These hard segment oligomers were hydroxy-terminated oligomers ([BD-TDI]n-BD; n=1,3), obtained by reacting BD with TDI. Concentrations of allophanate as a cross-linking site were determined by the amine degradation method. Hard segment moieties were obtained by a novel selective hydrolysis of soft segments in the elastomers. Molecular weight distributions of hard segment were measured by means of GPC. Mechanical and thermal properties were measured. Dependence of rubber elasticity on physical cross-linking between normal elastomers and the elastomers with incorporated hard segment oligomers were discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052400119
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of curing environment on network formation of polyurethane (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 182 (1981), S. 2201-2207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The variation of the allophanate concentration with curing time was determined by an amine degradation method. It was concluded that the properties of polyurethane networks prepared with the same formulation differ considerably if crosslinking reactions are carried out under different conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1981.021820809
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of polyurethane network chains by gel permeation chromatography (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3291-3299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Starting materials, prepolymers, chain-extended oligomers, and polyurethane network chains were characterized by gel permeation chromatography in order to make clear the change of molecular distribution in the formation of polyurethane networks. The polyurethane networks were prepared from poly(oxypropylene)glycol (PPG 1000, Mn = 997, Mw/Mn = 1.04), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, and 1,4-butanediol by the prepolymer method. Polyurethane networks were degraded by the amine degradation method, by which allophanate groups as crosslinking sites were decomposed selectively. The prepolymer had four species. The polydispersity index of the prepolymer (Mw/Mn) was about 2, that is, the most probable distribution. The product of the chain-extending reaction of prepolymer with BD had five species. The molecular-weight distribution of this product was narrower than that of the prepolymer. The polydispersity of the interstitial chains between crosslinking sites was also narrower than that of the chain-extended product. The polyaddition mechanism in the formation of PPG-TDI-BD polyurethane networks was discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241213
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