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  • 1
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; angio MR ; phase contrast magnetic resonance ; spinal cord arteriovenous malformations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In spite of the recent advances in neuroradiology including the CT scan and the spin-echo-magnetic resonance (MR), accurate diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involving the spinal cord is still based on selective angiography. This last procedure is invasive and needs to be repeated during the follow up. Phase contrast angio MR was performed with a 0.5 Tesla unit on 12 patients with an AVM involving the spinal cord (7 intramedullary AVMs, 4 perimedullary fistulas, and 1 dural fistula with perimedullary venous drainage); 4 of these were investigated before and after treatment. Angio MR showed abnormal vascular patterns within the spinal canal in all cases, without distinguishing between arteries and veins; the nidus of the intramedullary AVMs was displayed in all cases. Angio MR provided images of the whole AVMs comparable to the angiographic pictures, in contrast to the spin-echo MR, which provided only discontinued images of the vessels. The efficient range of velocity providing images varied, according to the type of the malformation (slow for dural fistulas, rapid for intra-medullary AVMs). In the 4 patients investigated after treatment, comparison of the images obtained before and after treatment permitted assessment of the degree of occlusion of the malformation. Finally, angio MR as a complement of spin-echo MR can now be used as a reliable tool for detection of spinal cord AVMs, assessing the indication for angiography, and, furthermore, it can probably replace most of the postoperative control angiographies. The value of the efficient imaging velocity is disputable but seems to depend on the haemodynamic characteristics of the malformation and may then serve as a guide to angiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracranial aneurysm ; fibromuscular dysplasia ; prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary From a statistical analysis of a series of 214 cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms, it was demonstrated that only four parameters among those collected on the admission day, are predictive of the final functional result: sex (p 〈 0.001); age (p 〈 0.02); clinical grade (p 〈 0.001) and angiographic spasm (p 〈 0.01). The surprisingly poor prognosis in women was explained by the higher frequency of spasm (p 〈 0.005). Aneurysms in women predominated on the intracranial carotid artery (38%) and were frequently multiple (12%). A further angiographic study on 87 cases was then carried out including a systematic investigation of the cervical part of the vessels; it permitted one to identify angiographic features of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) on the cervical vessels in 20 cases. In those cases it was also observed that there was a marked female predominance (F/M=5.6), a frequent localization on the internal carotid artery (50%), a high rate of multiple aneurysms (60%) and a poor prognosis related to spasm (50%). Therefore, intracranial aneurysms appear far more frequently than usually reported, to be related to FMD. The worse prognosis of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in females can be, at least partly explained by the association with FMD and the frequent occurrence of spasm. A careful investigation of patients exhibiting features of FMD in order to detect intracranial aneurysms before rupture, is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Intracranial aneurysm ; multiple intracranial aneurysms ; subarachnoid haemorrhage ; magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 4 patients were recently admitted for subarachnoid haemorrhage with multiple vascular lesions. 3 of them presented with multiple aneurysms, and one with an aneurysm associated with an arterio-venous malformation. In these 4 cases identification of the ruptured lesion was difficult in spite of clinical examination, CT scan, and complete panangiography; on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was found a signal hyperintensity, mainly on T2 weighted views, corresponding to blood clots around the ruptured aneurysm. This signal hyperintensity was completely absent in the vicinity of the associated vascular lesion, which appeared only as a signal void corresponding to the blood flow inside the unruptured lesion. Therefore MRI can be used in such cases to identify the ruptured lesion, so permitting the choice of the best approach and strategy of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Arterio-venous malformations ; embolization ; infectious complications ; brain abscess ; angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Infectious complications of cerebral angiography and of therapeutic angiographic procedures are very seldom reported. The case of an infected embolized arteriovenous malformation (AVM) by staphylococcus aureus is reported. Abscess formation became manifest seven months after the endovascular procedures. Antibiotherapy was initially started after puncturing the abscess, but finally the cure of the lesion could only be obtained by radical excision of the infected and embolized AVM, as if the persisting embolization material was promoting the infection. The modalities of infection after cerebral endovascular procedures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Dural arterio-venous fistula ; spinal arteriovenous malformation ; endovascular treatment ; operative treatment ; magnetic nuclear resonance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 70 patients were treated for spinal dural arteriovenous fistula in the same centre, during a period of 10 years. Conus medullaris and cauda equina syndromes were observed in all patients as the clinical stereotyped presentation. Diagnosis was based on myelography in the first instance and then on angiography. 40 patients were treated by intravascular neuroradiological embolization, whereas the other 30 were operated on. Surgery was proposed because embolization was contraindicated (7 cases of hazardous catheterisation) of inefficient (23 cases=38%). The results of the operative series are presented, and compared with those of embolization. Improvement was observed in 50% of the 20 patients with follow up, but a complete recovery to an asymptomatic state was never obtained. For the other patients (47%) complete stabilization of the disease could be obtained, whereas in one of the patients (3%), who was operated upon because of failure of embolization, surgery was also completely ineffectual. The long-term results of patients treated surgically are comparable with those patients efficiently embolized. 5 patients of the operative series were submitted to MRI before and after surgery: the results and the place of MRI are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Facial nerve preservation ; cerebellopontine angle tumours ; intra-operative monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A simple, reliable and cheap device for intra-operative monitoring of the facial nerve during surgery for cerebellopontine angle tumours is presented. It consists of a single use tracheostomy tube with a low pressure air inflatable cuff placed in the mouth of the patient on the side of the tumour, connected by a pressure transducer to a monitoring unit. It records any pressure changes in the patient's mouth induced by muscular contractions as a result of excitation of the inferior parts of the facial nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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