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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 47 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The daytime sleepiness potentially associated with antihistamines was evaluated by the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) in a study comparing terfenadine with placebo. According to a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design, 12 healthy men were given either 120 mg terfenadine or placebo once daily in the morning, for 3 consecutive days with a 5-day interval. EEG-polygraphic recordings were made each study day at 9.30 and 11.30 a.m., and 1.30, 3.30, and 5.30 p.m., and the tendency to fall asleep was measured. All mean stage-1 sleep latencies throughout the study failed to show any significant difference between terfenadine and placebo. Accordingly, psychomotor performance assessed by visual and auditory reaction time did not change after treatment. The results of this study confirmed that terfenadine does not induce daytime sleepiness as objectively measured by MSLT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1126-5442
    Keywords: Key words Angiography ; Carotid plaque ; Microembolism ; Transcramial Doppler
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed Transcranial Doppler Monitoring to detect microembolic signals (MES) in 47 patients with moderate (30%–69%) carotid stenosis proven by selective angiography. We compared the occurence of MES with the clinical characteristics of stenosis (symptomatic or asymtpomatic) and the angiographic plaque features (nonulcerated, deep ulceration, superficial ulceration, ulceration with flap, or ulceration without flap). For these cases there was no indication for endarterectomy, nevertheless we thought it would be useful to identify risk subgroups that might benefit from surgical treatment. MES were detected in 17.9% of the stenoses with a prevalence (p 〈 .01) in symptomatic cases (25%) compared to asymptomatic cases (14.3%). There was a significant correlation of MES with plaque ulceration (p 〈 .01) and particularly with ulceration without flap (p 〈 .01). No difference between deep and superficial ulceration was observed. The availability of prospective data on this topic might be useful to select subgroups of patients with moderate carotid stenosis at risk for embolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Chemotherapy ; lithium ; neurotoxicity ; vinca alkaloids.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Lithium (Li) actively antagonises the inhibiting action of vinca alkaloids on human leukocyte chemotaxis; it proved to be related to the activation of microtubular system, possibly mediated by its inhibiting effect on cyclic AMP. Vinca alkaloids induce peripheral neuropathy and muscle damage. The molecular basis of this neurotoxicity has not been fully explained, but a possible role of neurofibrillary degeneration has been reported. We studied both in animals and in humans, whether Li is able to antagonise vinca alkaloid neurotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Azygous anterior cerebral artery ; Cerebral infarction ; Digital subtraction angiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe the unusual case of a 63-year-old woman with a history of arterial hypertension who presented a sudden weakness of the lower limbs followed by mutism, akinesia and dyspraxia. Magnetic resonance images showed a bilateral medial frontal infarction. Digital subtraction angiography documented a right azygous anterior cerebral artery with severe stenosis in its sub-callosal tract; the left anterior cerebral artery showed mild hypoplasia with only sub-frontal and fronto-polar branches. No embolic source was documented. Afterwards the patient presented a gradual and partial recovery of both motor and cognitive functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 1 (1979), S. 223-230 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Traumatic epilepsy ; Phenobarbital ; Prophylactic treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario È stata indagata l'efficacia di differenti dosi di fenobarbital (PB) nella profilassi dell'epilessia post-traumatica. Il protocollo prevedeva la somministrazione di PB in quantità comprese fra 0.5 e 1.5 e fra 1.6 e 2.5 mg/kg/die, assegnate in modo randomizzato indipendentemente dall'entità del trauma, per un periodo di due anni. La valutazione neurologica, EEG e dei livelli plasmatici di PB erano assicurati a tutti i pazienti. 90 pazienti, 83 dei quali con trauma cranico grave, seguirono il trattamento prescritto per l'intero periodo. Due presentarono crisi rispettivamente dopo 5 e 10 mesi dal trauma. Entrambi erano trattati con dosi superiori a 1.5 mg/kg/die. Un altro paziente ebbe una crisi sei mesi dopo il termine del trattamento. Questi risultati indicano che il PB svolge un'efficace prevenzione dell'epilessia post-traumatica e che un effetto favorevole può aversi anche con dosi non elevate.
    Notes: Abstract Phenobarbital (PB) was tested for its efficacy in averting post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in patients with non-missile head injuries. The protocol envisaged the administration of PB throughout a period of two years in randomly assigned doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 and from 1.6 to 2.5 mg/kg/day. The study included neurologic examination, EEG and plasma PB levels. Ninety patients, 83 of whom with serious head injury, followed the prescribed treatment for the entire period. Two adult patients manifested seizures 5 and 10 months after the trauma. They were being treated with doses over 1.5 mg/kg/day. Another patient had a seizure six months after the end of the prophylaxis. Low doses of PB and monitoring permitted a reduction of side effects. The low incidence of PTE indicates that PB has an efficient prophylactic effect. The results also show that a low dosage has a favourable effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 10 (1989), S. 61-67 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Myotonic dystrophy ; evoked potentials ; central nervous system involvement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario I potenziali evocati multimodali sono stati effettuati in 18 pazienti (8 maschi e 10 femmine), affetti da distrofia miotonica. Lo scopo era di effettuare una valutazione elettrofisiologica dell'interessamento del sistema nervoso centrale in questa malattia. I potenziali evocati del tronco, somatosensitivi e visivi sono risultati abnormi rispettivamente nel 53%, 62.5% e 71.4% dei casi, senza apparente relazione con la gravità della malattia. I risultati da noi ottenuti forniscono un'ulteriore conferma dell'interessamento del SNC nella distrofia miotonica che è possibile in varie combinazioni, suggerendo un aspecifico interessamento a diversi livelli, che riflette il carattere multisistemico della malattia.
    Notes: Abstract Multimodality evoked potentials were performed in 18 patients affected by myotonic dystrophy (8 males and 10 females); the aim was to make an electrophysiological evaluation of the central nervous system involvement in this disease. We observed brainstem, somatosensory and visual evoked potential abnormalities respectively in 53%, 62.5% and 71.4% of cases, with no apparent relationship to the severity of the disease. Our abnormal findings provide further confirmation of CNS involvement in myotonic dystrophy and occur in various combinations suggesting an aspecific involvement at different levels, reflecting the multisystemic character of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Neurological sciences 16 (1995), S. 595-601 
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Parkinson's disease ; EEG mapping ; Brain topography ; Smell disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Una alterazione della funzione olfattiva è stata osservata in pazienti affetti da morbo di Parkinson idiopatico (MP) impiegando metodiche psicofisiche. In questo studio è stata utilizzata una tecnica elettrofisiologica, basata sull'impiego dell'analisi spettrale e sulla rappresentazione in mappe del segnale EEG, al fine di valutare la reazione di arousal prodotta dalla stimulazione olfattiva in 10 soggetti normali di controllo ed in 10 pazienti affetti da MP, in stadio II secondo la scale di Hoehn e Yahr, con forma acinetico-ipertonica ed in terapia cronica con L-Dopa. La stimolazione olfattiva veniva condotta, utilizzando Benzaldeide diluita in olio di paraffina, mediante un'apparecchiatura messa a punto nel nostro laboratorio. L'EEG basale e dopo stimolo veniva registrato da 20 elettrodi disposti secondo il Sistema Internazionale 10–20; su epoche di 10 sec. prive di artefatti è stata calcolata la potenza totale (da 0.5 a 19.5 Hz) in corrispondenza di tutti gli electtrodi. Una reazione di arousal veniva rilevata in 9 su 10 pazienti con MP ed era caratterizzata da un decremento di potenza totale analogo a quello verificato nel gruppo di controllo; tali variazioni interessavano tutte le regioni dello scalpo tranne le anteriori. L'impiego di questa metadica oggettiva non sembra pertanto mettere in evidenza una chiara alterazione della funzione olfattiva in pazienti affetti da MP.
    Notes: Abstract Olfactory function impairment has been observed in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) using psychophysical procedures. In this study, an electrophysiological technique based on spectral analysis and topographic EEG mapping was used to evaluate EEG arousal response to olfactory stimulation in ten normal subjects and ten PD patients in stage II according to Hoehn and Yahr's scale, all of whom had akinetic-rigid syndrome and were receiving chronic L-Dopa therapy. Olfactory function was stimulated using diluted benzaldehyde by means of an apparatus set up in our laboratory. Spontaneous and post-olfactory stimulus EEGs were recorded from 20 electrodes placed upon the scalp according to the Int. 10–20 System. Total EEG power (from 0.5 to 19.5 Hz) was evaluated over 10 sec. artefact-free epochs. An olfactory arousal reaction was detected in nine of the ten PD patients and was characterised by a significant decrease in total power similar to that observed in all of the 10 normal subjects; these variations in EEG were found in all but the anterior regions of the scalp. The use of this technique does not seem to reveal any clear alteration in the olfactory function of PD patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Progesterone ; Allopregnanolone ; Pregnanolone ; Epilepsy ; GABA receptors ; Neuroactive steroids ; Anxiolytic steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario I 3alfa-idrossimetaboliti del P, 3alfa-idrossi-5alfa-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone, A-PREG) e 3alfa-idrossi-5beta-pregnan-20-one (pregnanolone, PREG) sono risultati tra i più potenti ligandi dei GABA-A recettori; nell'animale da esperimento essi hanno mostrato infatti di possedere proprietà ansiolitica, ipnotica ed anticonvulsivante sovrapponibile alle benzodiazepine ed ai barbiturici. Questo studio è stato condotto dosando la concentrazione plasmatica di A-PREG e PREG nella fase luteale del ciclo mestruale in 15 pazienti affette da epilessia parziale del lobo temporale in fase intercritica ed in 15 soggetti omogenei per sesso ed età, al fine di evidenziare un eventuale alterato metabolismo del P e dei suoi metaboliti in soggetti con sindrome comiziale. La concentrazione plasmatica media (sono stati effettuati 3 prelievi ematici) di A-PREG era di 0.7±0.6 ng/ml nelle pazienti e di 0.5±0.2 ng/ml nei controlli, mentre quella di PREG risultava essere rispettivamente 1.4±1 ng/ml e 1±1.1 ng/ml, senza che per nessuno dei due ormoni fosse possibile evidenziare una differenza statisticamente significativa tra pazienti e controlli (p=NS).
    Notes: Abstract The 3alpha-hydroxy metabolites of progesterone (P), 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone, A-PREG) and 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one (pregnanolone, PREG), have been found to be among the most potent ligands of gamma-aminobutyric (GABA)-A receptors; in experimental animals, they have been found to have anxiolytic, hypnotic and anticonvulsant effects. Similar to those of the benzodiazepines and barbiturates that interact with GABA-A receptors. The present study was undertaken to determine plasma A-PREG and PREG concentrations in the luteal phase in women with partial epilepsy, in order to determine if an impaired metabolism of P occurs in this convulsive disorder. We measured plasma P, A-PREG and PREG levels in 15 women with partial epilepsy in the intercritical phase, and in 15 age-matched healthy women, during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle (22nd-24th day). The mean plasma ± S.E. A-PREG levels (three blood samples) were 0.7±0.6 ng/ml in the epileptic women and 0.5±0.2 ng/ml in controls, with no significant difference between the two groups (p=NS); the PREG levels were also similar (1.4±1 ng/ml and 1±1.1 ng/ml, respectively: p=NS). A significant correlation was found between P levels and both A-PREG and PREG levels (r=0.72, p〈0.001 and r=0.79, p〈0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, dihydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone or estradiol levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Key words Myotonic dystrophy ; Coenzyme Q10 ; CTG ; Lactate threshold
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An impairment of mitochondrial function may contribute to the pathophysiology of myotonic dystrophy (MyD). Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency has been previously observed, even if in an restricted sample of patients. The aim of this investigation was to obtain more information about coenzyme Q10 and its relationships to the aerobic metabolism in a group of MyD patients. Serum CoQ10 appeared significantly reduced with respect to normal controls: 0.93±0.22 vs. 1.58±0.28 μg/ml (p〈0.05). Moreover, the results demonstrated an inverse tendency between CoQ10 levels and the CTG expansion degree. Basal blood lactate levels were significantly higher than controls (p〈0.05). A borderline inverse correlation between CoQ10 and lactate, corresponding to lactate threshold, was found. These data suggest a possible role of CoQ10 in the pathogenesis of MyD, which may be mediated by mechanisms of cellular damage common to the oxidative pathway. Therapeutic strategies may be devised by virtue of this rationale.
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