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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polar Addition of Hydrogen Bromide to Olefines, I Hydrogen Bromide Addition to 1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene: Syntheses of Starting and Reaction Products; Balance of Products and Sterical Course of the ReactionSyntheses of 1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene (1) and the selectively deuterated derivatives 8 and 9 are reported. Addition reactions of 1, especially the polar addition of hydrogen bromide, were investigated.In the reaction of 1 with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid/chloroform, besides the regular addition product 11, the rearranged products 7, 19 and 20 were isolated, the formation of which obviously is due to the isomerisation of the carbenium ion A to the tertiary carbenium ions B and C. As precursors of these carbenium ions the compounds %2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 13 and 15 were synthesized in order to study the formation and transformation of A, B and C independently. On the basis of these results the predominant reaction products of 1 with hydrogen bromide were identified and a balance of products for this reaction was established.The sterical course of the addition of hydrogen bromide to 1 was determined: 1 adds deuteriumbromide in [1-D1]acetic acid/deuteriochloroform according to 1H-NMR predominantly in an anti addition; the syn/anti ratio as well as the addition/rearrangement ratio are, however, strongly dependent on the reaction conditions (cf.).
    Notes: Synthesen des 1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalins (1) und seiner selektiv deuterierten Derivate 8 und 9 werden beschrieben. Additionsreaktionen von 1. insbesondere die polare Addition von Bromwasserstoff, wurden untersucht.Bei der Reaktion von 1 mit Bromwasserstoff in Essigsäure/Chloroform entstanden neben dem regulären Additionsprodukt 11 die Umlagerungsprodukte 7, 19 und 20, deren Bildung offenbar durch Isomerisierung des Carbeniumions A zu den tertiären Carbeniumionen B und C zustandekommt. Als Vorstufen dieser Carbeniumionen wurden die Verbindungen %2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 13 und 15 synthetisiert, um Bildung und Umsetzung der Carbeniumionen A, B und C unabhängig untersuchen zu können. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse wurden die vorherrschenden Reaktionsprodukte von 1 mit Bromwasserstoff identifiziert und eine Produktbilanz für diese Reaktion aufgestellt.Der sterische Verlauf der Addition von Bromwasserstoff an 1 wurde bestimmt: 1 addiert Deuteriumbromid in [1-D1]Essigsäure/Deuteriochloroform nach 1H-NMR-Messungen überwiegend in einer anti-Addition; das syn/anti-Verhältnis ist jedoch ebenso wie das Verhältnis von Additions- zu Umlagerungsprodukten stark von den Reaktionsbedingungen abhängig (vgl. Lit.).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 61 (1978), S. 1427-1442 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Iron Pentacarbonyl Induced Reactions of Norbornadiene and Substituted OlefinsThe photochemical reaction of norbornadiene and α, β-unsaturated nitriles, esters and amides in the presence of Fe(CO)5 was studied. Nitriles furnished the dinorbornenyl ketones 2a-c (Scheme 1). Esters led to an addition of a norbornene moiety to the double bond giving the substituted α, β-unsaturated esters 10a and 10b (Scheme 5). Methacrylamide and methyl β-aminocrotonate gave the cyclopentanone derivatives 14 and 17, respectively (Schemes 7 and 8). The reaction was in all cases highly stereoselective with general exo-substitution on the norbornadiene. The attack on the unsymmetric olefins occurred regiospecifically at that point of the double bond which was furthest away from the functional group. A plausible mechanism for these reactions is suggested in Schemes 10 and 11.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 2982-2996 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polar Addition of Hydrogen Bromide to Olefines, II1) Hydrogen Bromide Addition to 1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene: Mechanistic StudiesThe reaction of [2-D1]-1,1,4,4-tetramethyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalene (2) with hydrogen bromide in acetic acid chloroform (1:1) was studied under standardized reaction conditions as a function of the hydrogen bromide concentration and the presence of lithium bromide, lithium perchlorate, perchloric acid, and trifluoroacetic acid. The ratio of syn and anti addition products was determined by 1H-NMR, the ratio of rearrangement and addition products by gas chromatography. For instance, the change in the reaction medium from acetic acid/chloroform (1:1) to acetic acid trifluoroacetic acid chloroform (1:1:2) results in a reversal of the addition rearrangement ratio (from 1.92 to 0.46) and in a shift from predominant anti addition (84.4%) to predominant syn addition (65.5%). In a wide range, factors increasing the syn anti ratio favor rearrangement versus addition.The results are interpreted in terms of competing syn and anti „AdE3“ reactions, the syn addition proceeding via a carbenium ion and the anti addition following a concerted mechanism. The possibility of the relevance of 2 HBr π-complexes as intermediates in both reactions is discussed.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von [2-D1]-1,1,4,4-Tetramethyl-1,4-dihydronaphthalin (2) mit Bromwasserstoff in Essigsaure Chloroform (1:1) wurde unter standardisierten Versuchsbedingungen in Abhängigkeit von der Bromwasserstoff-Konzentration und der Gegenwart von Lithiumbromid, Lithiumperchlorat, Perchlorsäure und Trifluoressigsäure untersucht. Das Verhältnis der syn- und anti-Additionsprodukte wurde 1H-NMR-spektroskopisch bestimmt, das Verhältnis von Additions- zu Umlagerungsprodukten durch Gaschromatographie. Beispielsweise führt die Änderung des Mediums von Essigsäure Chloroform (1:1) zu Essigsäure/Trifluoressigsäure Chloroform (1:1:2) zu einer Umkehrung des Additions Umlagerungs-Verhältnisses (von 1.92 zu 0.46) und zu einer Verschiebung von vorherrschender anti-Addition (84.4%) zu vorherrschender syn-Addition (65.5%). In weitem Bereich begünstigen Faktoren. die das syn anti-Verhältnis erhöhen, die Umlagerungsreaktion gegenüber der Addition.Die Ergebnisse werden durch die Annahme konkurrierender syn- und anti- „AdE3“-Reaktionen erklärt. von denen die syn-Addition über ein Carbeniumion verläuft, während die anti-Addition einem konzertierten Mechanismus folgt. Die Möglichkeit der Bedeutung intermediärer 2 HBr-π-Komplexe bei beiden Reaktionen wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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