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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visible photoluminescence of the deposited germanium–oxide prepared from clusters in the gas phase (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6037-6043 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical properties of the deposited germanium–oxide (Ge–O) prepared from the laser ablation of GeO2 were investigated. When the GenOm clusters, having the compositions mainly at n=m, were deposited onto a substrate as a precursor, strong visible photoluminescence peaked at 500 nm was observed under the excitation of 325 nm laser light. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the deposited Ge–O on the substrate consistently shows the substantial component of the oxidation state of Ge2+, which shows the contributions from 1:1 composition of Ge2+-O2−. Correspondingly, the electronic structures of the germanium–oxide cluster were studied by using photoelectron spectroscopy in gas phase. Our developed method of the halogen atom doping enables us to determine the highest occupied molecular orbital–the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap of the corresponding neutral GenOn clusters experimentally, and it was found that the gap of the GenOn (n=2–5) clusters reasonably corresponds to the energy of the visible light. These results imply that the GenOn clusters can be ascribed to the origin of the visible photoluminescence. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315612
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A reproducible method to fabricate atomically sharp tips for scanning tunneling microscopy (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 3373-3376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The electrochemical etching method by Ibe et al. [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8, 3570 (1990)] to fabricate sharp tips for scanning tunneling microscopy was modified by shortening the cutoff time of the etching current after the material wire drops off at the air-electrolyte interface. The tip radius measured by field ion microscopy was successfully reduced to 8 nm when the cutoff time was shortened to 50 ns. The dependence of the field-emitting electron current from the sharpest tips was close to one expected from the Fowler–Nordheim formula with a reasonable value for the emitting area of the tip. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149921
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoelectron spectroscopy of gold–silver binary cluster anions (AunAgm−; 2≤n+m≤4) (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 3657-3663 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electronic properties of gold–silver binary cluster anions (AunAgm−; 2≤n+m≤4) were studied by using photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) with a magnetic-bottle-type electron spectrometer. The AunAgm− cluster anions were generated by a laser vaporization of a gold–silver alloy rod. For triatomic AunAg3−n clusters, monotonous increases of electron affinity (EA) were observed by the replacement of Ag atom by Au atom. In contrast, the change in EA of tetratomic AunAg4−n clusters was irregular; for n=0–2 their EAs are almost the same around 1.5 eV, whereas for n=3,4 they increase to around 2.7 eV. This irregularity in EA of AunAg4−n can be attributed to the contribution of an ionic bonding. For Au1Ag3− and Au2Ag2−, moreover, the PES spectra show two components whose intensity ratio depends on cluster source conditions, showing that two isomers should coexist at these two compositions. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft size-matching in living related partial liver transplantation in relation to tissue oxygenation and metabolic capacity (1996)
    Springer
    Transplant international 9 (1996), S. 15-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Liver transplantation, living related ; Living related liver transplantation ; Segmental liver transplantation ; Tissue oxygenation, liver transplantation ; Metabolic capacity, liver transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of graft size-matching on tissue oxygenation and metabolic capability was studied in living related partial liver transplantations for 47 pediatric patients. Their age ranged from 4 months to 17 years 3 months, their body weight from 4.0 to 58.0 kg, graft weight from 191 to 440 g, and graft weight/recipient body weight ratio from 0.61% to 6.0%. Tissue oxygenation and its heterogeneity were investigated by measuring oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the liver sinusoid (SO2), coefficient of variation of SO2, and arterial ketone body ratio. The metabolic capacity of the graft was investigated by measuring bilirubin clearance, recovery of cholesterol esterification, and ketone body production. In infants with a relatively large liver graft, both intra- and extracellular oxygenation remained low soon after reperfusion but recovered to the control value by the end of the operation. In adolescent recipients of a relatively small graft, by contrast, synthetic and detoxification capacities were relatively deficient; however, these improved with time. These results indicate that sufficient tissue oxygenation and liver regeneration are essential for successful liver transplantation with relatively large and small grafts, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336807
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Guidelines for donor selection and an overview of the donor operation in living related liver transplantation (1996)
    Springer
    Transplant international 9 (1996), S. 208-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Liver transplantation, living related ; Living donor, liver transplantation ; Donor selection, living donor, liver transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Guidelines for donor selection and an overview of the donor operation are reported on the basis of our experience with 120 cases of living related liver transplantation (LRLT) in pediatric patients. Once the parents had clearly expressed their desire to serve as donors, tests were performed to functionally and anatomically screen the donor livers to determine whether or not the parents' general physical condition allowed them to serve as donors. We then evaluated which of the two parental candidates was more suitable as a donor. The wishes of the family as to which parent should serve as donor was considered secondary and taken into account only in a few cases in which certain functional and/or anatomical abnormalities were uncovered that made the prime candidate less suitable. For the 120 LRLTs, 135 candidates were evaluated as potential donors, 15 (11.1%) of whom were rejected for various reasons. The mean volume of blood loss during the donor operation decreased significantly from 489 g in the first 60 LRLTs to 390 g in the latter 60 LRLTs; this was accompanied by a significant decrease in the mean volume of autologous blood transfused from 449 g to 390 g. Mean cold ischemia time of the graft increased significantly from 71.4 to 128.0 min, while mean operation time conversely decreased from 6.7 to 6.2 h. Bile leakage from the cut surface of the remnant lver, which was the only postoperative surgical complication encountered, was noted in five cases. We conclude that donor candidates should be strictly selected according to basic guidelines, taking into account both the results of preoperative screening and the wishes of the family. With this accumuled experience, we have been able to simplify our LRLT operative procedure, resulting in decreases in blood loss volume, blood transfused, and operation time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335387
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vinyl polymerization. 319. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated with sodium polymethallylsulfonate (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 13 (1975), S. 131-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.130130302
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