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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoichiometry measurement and electric characteristics of thin-film Ta2O5 insulator for ultra-large-scale integration (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 375-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Elastic recoil detection and Rutherford backscattering were adapted to a stoichiometric study of thin Ta2O5 films deposited on Si substrates by means of the reactive sputtering (SP) and chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) method. Before annealing the samples it was observed that (i) the atomic ratio of oxygen to tantalum in the SP films agreed with 5/2 within the experimental accuracy and (ii) the CVD films have less oxygen content than the other samples. The specimens were annealed for 30 min under the following three conditions: (a) in dry oxygen ambient at 800 °C; (b) in ozone atmosphere under ultraviolet irradiation (UV ozone) at 300 °C; and (c) two-step treatment of (a) after the (b) process. Each oxidizing process has shown a certain positive effect on the thin CVD samples. Among them, the two-step treatment has proven to be very effective to restore the stoichiometry of 5/2 in the CVD films. Additionally the thickness of contaminant carbon films on the surface of the samples has been reduced by annealing in the oxidizing atmosphere. The relationship between the chemical composition and the electric properties of the samples is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354120
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperatures in Polystyrene Solutions. III. Temperature Dependence of the η1 Parameter (1974)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 7 (1974), S. 521-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60040a021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperatures in Polystyrene Solutions. IV. Role of Configurational Heat Capacity (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 8 (1975), S. 799-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60048a023
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    More than a 600-fold variation in nitrogen dioxide assimilation among 217 plant taxa (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Assimilation of nitrogen dioxide in response to fumigation with 15N-labelled nitrogen dioxide was studied in 217 plant taxa. The taxa included 50 wild herbaceous plants collected from roadsides (42 genera, 15 families), 60 cultivated herbaceous plants (55 genera, 30 families) and 107 cultivated woody plants (74 genera, 45 families). Two parameters, the ‘NO2-N content’, or NO2-derived reduced nitrogen content in fumigated plant leaves (mg N g–1 dry weight), and the ‘NO2-utilization index’, or percentage of the NO2-derived reduced nitrogen in the total reduced nitrogen, were determined. The NO2-N content differed 657-fold between the highest (Eucalyptus viminalis; 6·57) and lowest (Tillandsia ionantha and T. caput-medusae; 0·01) values in the 217 taxa; 62-fold in a family (Theaceae) and 26-fold in a species (Solidago altissima). Nine species had NO2-utilization indices greater than 10%, of which Magnolia kobus, Eucalyptus viminalis, Populus nigra, Nicotiana tabacum and Erechtites hieracifolia had NO2-N contents 〉 4·9. These plants can be considered ‘NO2-philic’ because in them NO2-nitrogen has an important function(s). The Compositae and Myrtaceae had high values for both parameters, whereas the monocots and gymnosperms had low ones. These findings suggest that the metabolic pathway of NO2-nitrogen differs among plant species. The information presented here will be useful for creating a novel vegetation technology to reduce the atmospheric concentration of nitrogen dioxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00255.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occlusal phase of gum-chewing strokes (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The occlusal phase of chewing is especially interesting because food particles are being pulverized in this phase. For efficient chewing the upper and lower teeth must come together in a congruent fashion with less variation than in other phases. To examine this expectation the chewing motions of 28 women were recorded optoelectrically, and their frontal and sagittal angles of the closing and following opening strokes were measured at 3·0 mm (3-D linear distance) of opening. Closing strokes were more stable than opening strokes. The frontal angle was correlated with the sagittal angle during closing. The opening and closing sagittal angles were moderately correlated, and the opening and closing frontal angles were negatively correlated at the intersubject level. No direct association was found between the closing strokes and following opening strokes at the intra-subject level. These results suggest that closing strokes are more stable than opening strokes, resulting in efficient mastication.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01182.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A calculation method for the range of occluding phase at the lower incisal point during chewing movements using the curved mesh diagram of mandibular excursion (CMDME) (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to develop a method for calculating the range of the occluding phase in chewing movements. In this study, we defined ‘range’ as the distance of the movement at the lower incisal point while the mandible moves with tooth contact. First, mandibular excursions were measured using an opto-electronic movement analysis system, which can measure mandibular movement with six degrees-of-freedom at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. With use of this measurement data, the curved mesh diagram of mandibular excursion (CMDME) previously reported was made. Then, chewing movements were measured using the same analysis system. The movements were separated into their component chewing cycles. Finally, we calculated the distance between each cycle and the CMDME. The occluding range of our subject was 0·4 mm at the closing phase and 3·4 mm at the opening phase. These results suggest that tooth contact occurs during chewing movement and demonstrate that the range of the occluding phase for the opening and closing phases of a subject can be calculated without morphological data from a dental cast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1999.00363.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Difference in tracks between habitual open and close mandibular movements at the condyle in children (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although previous studies have paid much attention to the condylar movement in adults with permanent dentition, little attention has been paid to such movement in children. In this study, we therefore clarified the difference in habitual open and close movements at the condyle in children. Three groups of subjects were used; primary (10 children), early mixed (10 children), and permanent dentition (10 adults). The habitual open and close mandibular movement of each subject was measured using a TRIMET, which can three-dimensionally analyse the simultaneous movements of multiple points on the mandible of a subject. The measurements were then compared among the three groups. The three-dimensional analysis detected significant difference in all directions between children with primary dentition and adults with permanent dentition: primary dentition had the smallest anterior–posterior and superior–inferior directions, and the largest left–right direction. Coincidence of the open and close tracks occurred in the adults (adult group) but not in the children (primary and early-mixed dentition groups). The early-mixed dentition group showed tracks that were between those for the primary dentition group and the adult group. These results suggest that the regularity of the condylar track might be well established with dental development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00618.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Length of the occlusal glide at the lower incisal point during chewing (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY  The purpose of this study was to estimate the length of the occlusal glide during gum chewing at the lower incisal point. Mandibular excursions with occlusal contacts in 25 females with permanent dentition were recorded using an optoelectronic system that can measure mandibular movement with 6 d.f. at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. A curved mesh diagram of incisor coordinates during maximum mandibular excursions (CMDME) was plotted. Gum chewing movement was also measured using the same system and computer software which divided the chewing movement into cycles at each maximum opening position. Each cycle was standardized at 0·1 mm intervals from the most closed position. Finally, the distance between the CMDME and each position of the incisor during a chewing cycle was calculated. Whenever, this distance was less than 0·2 mm opposing teeth were considered to be in contact. The occlusal glide was defined as the distance travelled by the lower incisal point as the mandible moved along occlusal contacts of the CMDME. The vertical coordinates at the beginning of the occlusal glide (during closing) and at the end of occlusal glide (during opening) were also calculated. The lengths of the occlusal glide pathway averaged 1·29 mm during closing and 1·55 mm during opening, a total length of 2·84 mm. Mean vertical coordinates at the beginning and end of the glide were −0·95 and −1.12 mm from intercuspal position, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00949.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incisal and condylar paths during habitual mouth opening movement of children with anterior reverse bite in the primary dentition (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the path of habitual mouth opening was influenced by anterior reverse bite malocclusion in children. Two groups of children with the primary dentition were chosen: (i) 10 children with anterior reverse bite (reverse bite group) and (ii) 10 with normal occlusion (normal occlusion group). Their habitual mouth opening movements were measured by an opto-electronic movement-analysing system with 6 d.f. at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. These movements were projected on the sagittal plane at the incisal and condylar points. To characterize the path, we used the angles between the path and the horizontal plane. In the initial stage of opening, the incisal path of the reverse bite group was displaced more posteriorly from the intercuspal position than that of the normal occlusion group. However, as opening continued, the direction of the path of the reverse bite group was more anterior than those of the normal occlusion group. During the entire opening movement, the condylar path of the reverse bite group was flatter than those of the normal occlusion group. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that anterior reverse bite in the primary dentition clearly affects the paths of habitual opening movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.00785.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of the gum chewing occlusal phase in children with primary dentition (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Understanding of the growth and development of mandibular function is indispensable to the diagnosis of functional disturbances during childhood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of the occlusal phase during gum chewing in children with primary dentition. Chewing motion at the working molar of 14 children with primary dentition and 28 female adults was recorded optoelectrically, and the frontal and sagittal angles of their closing and following opening strokes were measured and compared. In children the closing strokes were entered more vertically and anteriorly than in adults, and the opening strokes shifted to the non-working side in adults but moved to the working side in children. The degree of variance also differed between the two groups; the variance of the frontal angle was larger than that of sagittal angle in adults, but the opposite was true in children. These results suggested that the chewing pattern in children during the occlusal phase is distinctly different from adults and the chewing movement in children is not always less stable than in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01263.x
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