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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical distribution of S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in normal and neoplastic salivary glands (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 405 (1985), S. 299-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Salivary gland ; Tumours ; S-100 protein ; Glial fibrillary acidic protein ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical localization of S-100 protein, its α andβ subunits, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in normal and neoplastic salivary glands was studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and immunoblot analysis. Positive immunostaining for S-100 protein was observed in pleomorphic adenoma, adenolymphoma, tubular adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell tumour, adenocarcinoma and carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma. S-100 protein was localized in myoepithelial cells, epithelial cells of intercalated ducts and serous acinar cells of normal salivary gland. Both α andβ subunits of S-100 protein showed almost identical distribution in normal and neoplastic salivary glands, but skeletal muscle cells were α-positive/β-negative whereas Schwann cells and fat cells were α-negative/β-positive in the stroma and neighbouring tissue. GFAP was only found in pleomorphic adenoma and its malignant counterpart. Immunoblot analysis showed that the GFAP-related antigen consisted of several polypeptide bands with a molecular weight ranging between 35,000 to 50,000 daltons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710066
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of lectin and B-lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies for the demonstration of human microglia in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue (1991)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 419 (1991), S. 291-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Microglia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Monoclonal antibody ; Lectin histochemistry ; Human autopsy brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the usefulness of microglial markers for routine neuropathological material, we studied formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human brain tissue with the immunoperoxidase method using the lectinRicinus communis agglutinin (RCA-1) and four monoclonal antibodies (LN-1, LN-2, LN-3, anti-HLA-DR/ alpha). RCA-1 stained resting microglia, but the staining intensity was mostly weak. LN-1 also stained resting microglia in paraffin sections first treated with protease. In contrast to LN-1, RCA-1 stained blood vessels heavily. LN-1 stained resting microglia more markedly than RCA-1 in brains fixed for a prolonged period of time. However, LN-1 recognized a small number of astrocytes in routine paraffin sections. LN-3 reactivity was detected on a few resting microglia, but was intensely expressed on large numbers of reactive microglia in many neurological diseases. Both LN-2 and anti-HLA-DR/alpha labelled microglia, but the reactions were inconsistent. This study suggests that the monoclonal antibodies LN-1 and LN-3 are useful for the demonstration of microglia in paraffin sections, and a combination of these antibodies and the antibody to glial fibrillary acidic protein is recommended in attempting to identify microglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606520
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of neurofilament protein and neuron-specific enolase in peripheral neuronal tumours (1985)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 407 (1985), S. 33-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Peripheral neuronal tumours ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neurofilament protein Neuron-specific enolase ; Pseudorosette
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peripheral neuronal tumours were studied by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method for the presence of the neurofilament protein (NFP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). All cases of ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas were positive for NFP and NSE. Both markers were observed only in tumour cells showing differentiation towards ganglion cells. Of the 14 cases of neuroblastoma, 8 were positive for NFP and 12 were positive for NSE. NSE was detected in most neuroblastic tumour cells. However, NFP was found in neuroblasts with signs of differentiation, such as nuclear enlargement, but not in immature, small round cells. NFP was present in cell bodies as well as in cytoplasmic processes of partially differentiated neuroblasts. The majority of pseudorosettes showed no NFP stain. Thus, antibodies against both NFP and NSE are useful in the diagnosis of peripheral neuronal tumours. Moreover, the presence of NFP seemed to be related to the degree of tumour cell differentiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00701327
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coexpression of cytokeratin, neurofilament and vimentin in carcinoid tumors (1989)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 415 (1989), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Intermediate filament coexpression ; Cytokeratin ; Neurofilament ; Vimentin ; Carcinoid tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistochemical expression of intermediate filaments was investigated in 56 carcinoid tumors from 50 cases including 31 rectal and 25 non-rectal sites. Cytokeratin was the most frequently expressed in 55 of the tumours. Only one tumour of the stomach was negative for cytokeratin. Neurofilament (68 kd and 160 kd) was positive in 25 (44.6%) tumours with no preferential pattern of expression in particular tumours. Vimentin was positive in 18 out of the 31 rectal carcinoids (58%), and 3 of the 25 non-rectal carcinoids (12%). There was a significant difference in vimentin immunoreactivity between rectal and non-rectal carcinoids. The coexpression of cytokeratin and neurofilament was 44.6% and that of cytokeratin and vimentin was 37.5%. The coexpression of all three types of intermediate filament was 35.5% in rectal carcinoids, but 8% in non-rectal carcinoids. The present study revealed coexpression of cytokeratin, neurofilament and vimentin in carcinoids and an especially high incidence of vimentin expression in those of rectal origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718606
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockage of Ca 2+ -permeable AMPA receptors suppresses migration and induces apoptosis in human glioblastoma cells (2002)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature medicine 8 (2002), S. 971-978 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Glioblastoma multiforme is the most undifferentiated type of brain tumor, and its prognosis is extremely poor. Glioblastoma cells exhibit highly migratory and invasive behavior, which makes surgical intervention unsuccessful. Here, we showed that glioblastoma cells express Ca2+-permeable ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm746
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of microglia in the Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseased brain (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 337-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukocyte common antigen ; Major histocompatibility complex class II antigen ; Microglia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical techniques have been used to investigate microglial reaction in Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseased (CJD) brains. Autopsy cases of six patients with CJD and age-matched controls were studied. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue samples were stained with antibodies against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen (Ag), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), CDw75, CD68 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Of the patients with CJD, two with a subacute spongiform encephalopathic type and short-survival periods after onset of the disease showed an increased number of reactive microglia labeled with anti-MHC class II Ag or LCA in the affected cerebral cortex. In advanced cases of the panencephalopathic type of CJD, in which both cerebral atrophy and astrocytosis were marked, the increase of reactive microglia was small. Some vacuoles developing in the neuropil of the CJD patients were surrounded by MHC class II Ag- or LCA-immunoreactive microglial cells. The number of ramified microglia in the affected lesions was decreased, although their number in the hippocampus was not affected. These results indicate that microglia can frequently be involved in the process of CJD and may be activated at the early stage of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00369445
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies of neuronal and oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions in multiple system atrophy (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 84 (1992), S. 32-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Multiple system atrophy ; Oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions ; αB-crystallin ; Ubiquitin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions (OCI) in multiple system atrophy were investigated immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally. Among the 17 cases examined, 16 had OCIs. Almost all OCIs were positive for both αB-crystallin and ubiquitin. The antibodies against tubulin, paired helical filament and tau stained OCIs to various extents. Ultrastructurally OCIs consisted of meshworks of granule-associated filaments about 25 nm in diameter that sometimes formed flame-shaped tangle-like structures. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that an epitope of αB-crystallin was located on the granule-associated filaments composing OCIs. Our studies further support a cooperative role of αB-crystallin, ubiquitin and cytoskeletal protein in the formation of some types of intracytoplasmic inclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of apolipoprotein E on extracellular neurofibrillary tangles and on meningeal blood vessels precedes the Alzheimer β-amyloid deposition (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 413-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid β protein ; Alzheimer's disease Dementia ; Apolipoprotein E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been examined immunohistochemically in the autopsied brains of middle-aged and old-aged control subjects, with and without amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposits, and of Alzheimer's disease patients. Senile plaques were consistently labeled with ApoE antiserum even in the very early stage of senile plaque formation seen in the fifth decade. In the cerebellar molecular layer, small dots of ApoE immunoreactivity, which were prominent in the Alzheimer's disease subjects, were observed in addition to immunoreactivity in diffuse plaques. ApoE antisera labeled all of the extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), whereas only a small minority of extracellular NFT were positive for Aβ. A punctate pattern of ApoE immunoreactivity was seen at the media of the meningeal vessels lacking amyloid, when senile plaques were present in the nearby cortex. In the early stage of amyloid angiopathy, the distribution of ApoE immunoreactivity was much more extensive than that of Aβ positivity. These findings suggest that ApoE accumulates in the early stage of senile plaque formation and, furthermore, that ApoE accumulation precedes Aβ deposition in extracellular NFT and amyloid angiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389492
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of apolipoprotein E on extracellular neurofibrillary tangles and on meningeal blood vessels precedes the Alzheimer b-amyloid deposition (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 413-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyloid β protein ; Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Apolipoprotein E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been examined immunohistochemically in the autopsied brains of middle-aged and old-aged control subjects, with and without amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposits, and of Alzheimer's disease patients. Senile plaques were consistently labeled with ApoE antiserum even in the very early stage of senile plaque formation seen in the fifth decade. In the cerebellar molecular layer, small dots of ApoE immunoreactivity, which were prominent in the Alzheimer's disease subjects, were observed in addition to immunoreactivity in diffuse plaques. ApoE antisera labeled all of the extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), whereas only a small minority of extracellular NFT were positive for Aβ. A punctate pattern of ApoE immunoreactivity was seen at the media of the meningeal vessels lacking amyloid, when senile plaques were present in the nearby cortex. In the early stage of amyloid angiopathy, the distribution of ApoE immunoreactivity was much more extensive than that of Aβ positivity. These findings suggest that ApoE accumulates in the early stage of senile plaque formation and, furthermore, that ApoE accumulation precedes Aβ deposition in extracellular NFT and amyloid angiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389492
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral β amyloid deposition in patients with malignant neoplasms: its prevalence with aging and effects of radiation therapy on vascular amyloid (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid β protein ; Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Malignant tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined immunohistochemically 123 autopsy brains from patients aged between 30 to 59, who died as a result of malignant neoplasms. Using antiserum to amyloid β protein (Aβ), we found that cerebral Aβ deposits began in the subjects' fifth decade; its prevalence was 0%, 9.8% and 21.5% in the fourth, fifth and sixth decades, respectively. The major form of Aβ deposition was diffuse-type plaques, although one third of the brains with Aβ deposition showed amyloid angiopathy. Subpial Aβ deposition is frequently associated with amyloid angiopathy. The prevalence of cerebral Aβ deposits was about two times higher in the patients who had received brain radiation therapy (27.8%) compared to non-radiated patients (14.8%). Amyloid angiopathy was much more prominent (P〈0.05) with radiation therapy (22.2%) than without (8.0%). We found that cerebral Aβ deposition is dependent on aging, even in patients with malignant tumors and at beginning in their forties, and that brain radiation therapy is a possible risk factor of Aβ deposition, especially in the form of amyloid angiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294312
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