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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of apolipoprotein E on extracellular neurofibrillary tangles and on meningeal blood vessels precedes the Alzheimer b-amyloid deposition (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 413-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyloid β protein ; Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Apolipoprotein E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been examined immunohistochemically in the autopsied brains of middle-aged and old-aged control subjects, with and without amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposits, and of Alzheimer's disease patients. Senile plaques were consistently labeled with ApoE antiserum even in the very early stage of senile plaque formation seen in the fifth decade. In the cerebellar molecular layer, small dots of ApoE immunoreactivity, which were prominent in the Alzheimer's disease subjects, were observed in addition to immunoreactivity in diffuse plaques. ApoE antisera labeled all of the extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), whereas only a small minority of extracellular NFT were positive for Aβ. A punctate pattern of ApoE immunoreactivity was seen at the media of the meningeal vessels lacking amyloid, when senile plaques were present in the nearby cortex. In the early stage of amyloid angiopathy, the distribution of ApoE immunoreactivity was much more extensive than that of Aβ positivity. These findings suggest that ApoE accumulates in the early stage of senile plaque formation and, furthermore, that ApoE accumulation precedes Aβ deposition in extracellular NFT and amyloid angiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389492
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffuse plaques associated with astroglial amyloid β protein, possibly showing a disappearing stage of senile plaques (1998)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 95 (1998), S. 217-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyloid β protein ; Alzheimer’s disease ; Dementia ; Astrocytes ; Senile plaques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To clarify whether senile plaques disappear, we examined amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposits in non-demented subjects, and found novel diffuse plaques associated with astroglial Aβ. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections from cortical areas were immunolabeled with a panel of Aβ antibodies, and astroglial and microglial markers. Cerebral Aβ deposition was primarily found as diffuse plaques (DP) in these subjects. A subset of DP was associated with clusters of intensely Aβ-positive small granules. The clusters, which were located just adjacent to astroglial nucleus, had the characteristics of lipofuscin granules and, therefore, were quite different from “small stellate deposits”. Substantial amounts of Aβ-positive granules were found inside astrocytes by dual labeling of Aβ and glial fibrillary acid protein, and the majority of astroglial Aβ immunoreactivity was located on lipofuscin granules. Aβ-positive granules lacked immunoreactivity with antisera for the N-terminal region of Aβ. These peculiar DP showed a much weaker staining than ordinary DP. The DP associated with astroglial Aβ were found in about one third of the subjects, although the density varied widely among individuals. From these findings, we propose that DP, which are associated with the N-terminal truncated Aβ in astrocytes, represent the disappearing stage of senile plaques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050790
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral β amyloid deposition in patients with malignant neoplasms: its prevalence with aging and effects of radiation therapy on vascular amyloid (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 135-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid β protein ; Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Malignant tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined immunohistochemically 123 autopsy brains from patients aged between 30 to 59, who died as a result of malignant neoplasms. Using antiserum to amyloid β protein (Aβ), we found that cerebral Aβ deposits began in the subjects' fifth decade; its prevalence was 0%, 9.8% and 21.5% in the fourth, fifth and sixth decades, respectively. The major form of Aβ deposition was diffuse-type plaques, although one third of the brains with Aβ deposition showed amyloid angiopathy. Subpial Aβ deposition is frequently associated with amyloid angiopathy. The prevalence of cerebral Aβ deposits was about two times higher in the patients who had received brain radiation therapy (27.8%) compared to non-radiated patients (14.8%). Amyloid angiopathy was much more prominent (P〈0.05) with radiation therapy (22.2%) than without (8.0%). We found that cerebral Aβ deposition is dependent on aging, even in patients with malignant tumors and at beginning in their forties, and that brain radiation therapy is a possible risk factor of Aβ deposition, especially in the form of amyloid angiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294312
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microglial activation in early stages of amyloid β protein deposition (1997)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 94 (1997), S. 316-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Microglia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; β-Amyloid protein ; Senile plaques ; Diffuse plaques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of microglial activation to amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition, particularly at the early stage. Using single and double immunostaining methods with a panel of microglia markers and antibodies against Aβ and amyloid β protein precursor (APP), we examined the cerebrum and cerebella of both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-demented subjects obtained at autopsy. In non-demented, middle-aged subjects that had small amounts of cerebral Aβ deposits, approximately 70% of the diffuse plaques contained ramified microglia. However, no evidence of microglial activation was found in diffuse plaques in any of the non-demented subjects. Dual immunostaining of sections of cerebral cortex using antibodies against Aβ and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen showed that in AD subjects, approximately 20% of total diffuse plaques contained a few, activated microglia. Most of these plaques were defined as a transitional form between diffuse and primitive plaques. Both primitive and classic plaques in the cerebral cortex of AD subjects consistently contained clusters of activated microglia. Subpial Aβ deposits without neuritic changes lacked microglial activation. In the cerebellum, all of the diffuse plaques lacked microglial activation, and activated microglia in the compact plaques were not as hypertrophic as those in cerebral primitive/classic plaques. Our findings indicate that microglial reactions are absent in the early stages of Aβ deposition, and it occurs during the transition from diffuse to primitive plaques, when amounts of Aβ deposits and the degree of neuritic changes increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010050713
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of apolipoprotein E on extracellular neurofibrillary tangles and on meningeal blood vessels precedes the Alzheimer β-amyloid deposition (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 413-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyloid β protein ; Alzheimer's disease Dementia ; Apolipoprotein E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been examined immunohistochemically in the autopsied brains of middle-aged and old-aged control subjects, with and without amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposits, and of Alzheimer's disease patients. Senile plaques were consistently labeled with ApoE antiserum even in the very early stage of senile plaque formation seen in the fifth decade. In the cerebellar molecular layer, small dots of ApoE immunoreactivity, which were prominent in the Alzheimer's disease subjects, were observed in addition to immunoreactivity in diffuse plaques. ApoE antisera labeled all of the extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), whereas only a small minority of extracellular NFT were positive for Aβ. A punctate pattern of ApoE immunoreactivity was seen at the media of the meningeal vessels lacking amyloid, when senile plaques were present in the nearby cortex. In the early stage of amyloid angiopathy, the distribution of ApoE immunoreactivity was much more extensive than that of Aβ positivity. These findings suggest that ApoE accumulates in the early stage of senile plaque formation and, furthermore, that ApoE accumulation precedes Aβ deposition in extracellular NFT and amyloid angiopathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389492
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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