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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Study of Mandibular Gland Secretions of Workers of Ponerine Ants (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1395-1409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; Ponerinae ; mandibular gland ; exocrine secretion ; chemical analysis ; alkylpyrazines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The chemical contents of the mandibular glands of workers of eight species of ponerine ants have been analyzed and quantified. In three species (Ectatomma sp. from Brazil, Odontomachus bauri, and Pachycondyla striata) the contents were essentially a mixture of alkylpyrazines only. Three species (Odontoponera transversa, Pachycondyla indica, and Pachycondyla obscuricornis) contained a mixture of alkylpyrazines and oxygenated compounds and some simple terpenes; and the remaining two (Diacamma vagans and a Diacamma sp. from India) had only oxygenated compounds present. The two Diacamma species were notable in containing a dioxaspiroundecane (a spiroketal), not hitherto found in ants. All the 33 known mandibular gland analyses of workers of ponerine ant species have been brought together in order to seek some pattern in the type of glandular contents. Although the majority (24 species) produce alkylpyrazines, there is no observable pattern on a tribe or genus level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020987028163
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical secretions of two sympatric harvester ants,Pogonomyrmex salinus andMessor lobognathus (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 1993-2005 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Dufour gland ; mandibular gland ; postpharyngeal gland ; cuticle ; trail following ; mimic ; Formicidae ; Myrmicinae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Messor lobognathus, an apparent mimic ofPogonomyrmex salinus, shows little chemical resemblance to its exemplar. The mandibular glands ofM. lobognathus gave no volatile compounds. Those ofP. salinus contain chiefly 4-methyl-3-heptanone. Both species contain a mixture of straight-chain alkanes, alkenes, and methyl-branched alkanes in their Dufour glands. Tridecane (64%) is the major substance inM. lobognathus and dodecane (25%) and pentadecane (24%) are the major compounds ofP. salinus. No secretion induced trail-following in either species. A mixture of 9-, 11-, and 13-methylheptacosane formed the largest peak in the chromatograms obtained from the postpharyngeal glands of both species, but otherwise the hydrocarbon mixtures in this gland too were distinct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983802
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation with caste of the mandibular gland secretion in the leaf-cutting antAtta sexdens rubropilosa (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 907-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: 4-Methyl-3-heptanone ; 4-methyl-3-heptanol ; citral ; neral ; geranial ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; caste ; Atta sexdens rubropilosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract InAtta sexdens rubropilosa, a strongly polyethic and polymorphic species of myrmicine ant, the contents of the mandibular gland vary with caste. Small workers of head width 0.5–1.8 mm, those generally engaged in duties inside the nest, contain chiefly 4-methyl-3-heptanone. Larger workers, those chiefly engaged in foraging, and the soldier caste contain a mixture dominated by neral and geranial, with very little of the ketone of the smaller workers. The soldiers have massive glands containing milligram amounts of neral and geranial. Virgin and mated females contain essentially only 4-methyl-3-heptanone, the amount increasing after mating, while virgin males have 4-methyl-3-heptanone and 4-methyl-3-heptanol in approximately equal proportions. Mated males have less secretion and lose the 4-methyl-3-heptanol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992527
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pygidial Gland of Azteca NR. bicolor AND Azteca chartifex: Morphology and Chemical Identification of Volatile Components (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 24 (1998), S. 1629-1637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Azteca spp. ; morphology ; iridoids ; pygidial glands ; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The large paired reservoirs of the pygidial gland of Azteca nr. bicolor and A. chartifex represents the largest exocrine structure in the abdomen. The glands produce a secretion with a strong smell, which the ants release when they are disturbed. Analyses of the secretions by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed a mixture of iridoids and ketones. A. nr. bicolor contains 2-heptanone (8%) and a mixture of three iridodial isomers, with trans-trans-iridodial as the major component (32%). A. chartifex contains 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (13%) and the three isomeric iridodials with cis-trans-iridodial as the principal component (32%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020864427854
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trail pheromone of leaf-cutting antAcromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus (Forel) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1719-1724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trail pheromone ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; methyl 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate ; poison gland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The trail pheromone ofAcromyrmex subterraneus subterraneus consists simply of the heterocyclic ester methyl 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate in the venom reservoir of workers at about 1.2 ng/ant. No pyrazines were detected, and no enhancement of trail-following was observed when pyrazines were added to the pyrrole compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059893
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absolute Configuration of 4-Methyl-3-Heptanone and 4-Methyl-3-Heptanol from Mandibular Glands of Virgin Males and Females ofAtta sexdens rubropilosa (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1569-1575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: 4-Methyl-3-heptanone ; 4-methyl-3-heptanol ; Atta sexdens rubropilosa ; male ; female ; chirality ; Hymenoptera ; Formicidae ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; chiral column gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (S)-;(+)-4-Methyl-3-heptanone is the principal component in the secretion from the mandibular glands of unmated and mated males and females ofAtta sexdens rubropilosa. In mated and unmated females, it is essentially the only component in the glandular secretion. In unmated males up to 50% of the secretion is a mixture of (3S, 4S)- and (3R, 4S)-4-methyl-3-heptanol. After mating, the amount of alcohol in the males decreases markedly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006422.15472.d5
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry of metapleural gland secretions of three attine ants,Atta sexdens rubropilosa, Atta cephalotes, andAcromyrmex octospinosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 987-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Atta sexdens rubropilosa ; Atta cephalotes ; Acromyrmex octospinosus ; metapleural glands ; phenylacetic acid ; Formicidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The chemical composition of the secretions of the metapleural glands of workers and soldiers of twoAtta species,Atta sexdens rubropilosa andA. cephalotes, and workers ofAcromyrmex octospinosus, has been studied. As indicated by infrared spectrometry and confirmed by the ninhydrin test, the secretions contain chiefly proteins. Of the volatile acidic portion, which is present as ionized salts, phenylacetic acid is the major component in workers and soldiers ofA. s. rubropilosa andA. cephalotes. BothAtta species also contain 3-hydroxydecanoic acid and its homolog as minor components together with indoleacetic acid. While there are qualitative similarities in the acidic composition in the secretions ofA. s. rubropilosa andA. cephalotes, they differ quantitatively. The secretion ofAcromyrmex octospinosus contains 3-hydroxydecanoic and indoleacetic acids, but lacks phenylacetic acid. The bactericidal and fungicidal actions of the three major substances have been confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02029949
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