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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 209 (1966), S. 1252-1253 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A preparation containing 85 per cent of ceruloplasmin (obtained from Ab Kabi, Stockholm) was further purified according to Curzon and Vallet4. The ceruloplasmin content of the proteins in the sample obtained was estimated by the copper-protein ratio to be at least 95 per cent. The enzyme activity ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Cholesterol ; triglyceride ; VLDL ; LDL ; HDL ; lipoprotein lipase ; adipose tissue ; skeletal muscle ; diabetes ; ketosis ; insulin deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have previously shown that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity of tissues is an important determinant not only of plasma VLDL levels but also of HDL-cholesterol. Studies were designed to investigate whether the serum lipoprotein alterations in uncontrolled insulin-deficient diabetes can be accounted for by changes in LPL activity of tissues. The heparin-releasable LPL activity was determined from biopsy samples of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in 16 patients with newly detected untreated insulin-deficient diabetes and in 16 age-, sex- and body weight-matched healthy control subjects. Repeat assays were carried out after the patients had been on insulin treatment for an average of two weeks and when the diabetes was well controlled. When untreated the patients had increased concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol in whole serum and in VLDL and LDL while the HDL cholesterol level was lower than that of controls (p〈0.01). The cholesterol/triglyceride ratio in each of the three lipoproteins was similar in patients and controls. While untreated the diabetic patients had significantly reduced mean LPL activity both in adipose tissue (average 34% of control mean, p〈0.001) and in skeletal muscle (average 45% of control mean, p〈0.05). In the whole group HDL-cholesterol was positively correlated with adipose tissue LPL activity (r=+0.58, p〈0.001) while log serum total triglyceride and log VLDL-triglyceride showed significant negative correlations with LPL activity of both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. After initiation of insulin treatment the LPL activity increased significantly (p〈0.01) in both tissues but was still subnormal after 2 weeks. At the same time the VLDL and LDL concentrations had returned to normal while the HDL-cholesterol remained low. The results suggest that the increase of VLDL and LDL triglyceride and the decrease of HDL-cholesterol present in uncontrolled insulin-deficient diabetes are, at least partly, accounted for by decreased LPL activity of tissues. The restoration of tissue LPL and of serum HDL-cholesterol by insulin are relatively slow processes. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that HDL-cholesterol concentration is dependent on the efficiency of removal of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from the circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 3 (1967), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: glycerol kinetics ; serum glycerol ; absorption of glycerol ; intravenous glycerol test ; oral glycerol test ; serum triglyceride ; plasma FFA ; serum cholesterol ; hyperlipemia ; diabetes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le métabolisme du glycérol a été étudié à l'aide d'un test de tolérance au glycérol administré par voie intraveineuse et orale (dose unique de 5 g par voie orale et de 2.4 g par voie intraveineuse) chez 15 sujets en bonne santé et chez 17 diabétiques. — L'absorption intestinale du glycérol était rapide, le maximum du taux du glycérol sérique se produisant 15 minutes après la prise. Chez les sujets diabétiques l'augmentation du glycérol sérique était significativement plus faible que chez les sujets témoins. Cependant, trois patients atteints d'hyperlipémie et de diabète constituèrent une exception frappante, car ils présentaient des pics de glycérol anormalement élevés. Le taux des FFA du plasma n'était pas modifié par l'administration orale de glycérol. Le glucose du sang restait inchangé chez les sujets témoins, mais augmentait en moyenne de 13 mg/100 ml chez les diabétiques nécessitant un traitement par l'insuline. — Les courbes de disparition du glycérol intraveineux furent analysées par un calculateur électronique. A quelques exceptions près, le résultat était compatible avec un modèle cinétique à un seul compartiment. La vitesse de la disparition fractionnaire du glycérol de ce pool était significativement plus faible chez les diabétiques (0.041 min−1) que chez les sujets témoins (0.059 min−1.Cependant la vitesse de disparition totale était deux fois plus élevée chez le groupe diabétique que chez le groupe témoin. (Valeurs moyennes respectives, 3.85 et 1.73 micromoles par minute et par kilogramme.)
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bei 15 Gesunden und 17 Diabetikern wurde der Glycerinstoffwechsel mittels intravenöser und oraler Glycerin-Toleranzteste (einmalige Gabe von 5.0 g oral und 2.4 g intravenös) untersucht. Die Resorption des Glycerins aus dem Darm erfolgte rasch; das Maximum des Serumglycerinspiegels wurde 15 min nach der Aufnahme erreicht. Bei Diabetikern war der Anstieg des Serumglycerins signifikant kleiner als bei den Kontrollpersonen. Drei Patienten mit Hyperlipämie und Diabetes bildeten jedoch eine auffallende Ausnahme insofern, als sie abnorm hohe Gipfel des Serumglycerins zeigten. Der FFA-Spiegel im Plasma wurde durch die orale Glycerinabgabe nicht verändert. Bei den Kontrollen blieb der Blutzucker unverändert, während der bei den insulinbedürftigen Diabetikern im Mittel 13 mg% anstieg. -Die Kurven des Glycerinabfalls nach intravenöser Gabe wurden mit einem elektronischen Computer analysiert. Mit wenigen Ausnahmen war das Ergebnis mit einem kinetischen Modell mit einem Verteilungsraum vergleichbar. Die Abfallrate des Glycerins dieses Pools pro Minute war bei Diabetikern signifikant kleiner (0.041 min−1) als bei den Kontrollen (0.059 min−1). Der Gesamtabfall war jedoch bei den Diabetikern doppelt so stark wie bei der Kontrollgruppe (Mittelwerte 3.85 bzw. 1.73 micromol/ min/kg.)
    Notes: Summary The metabolism of glycerol was studied by intravenous and oral glycerol tolerance test (single dose of 5 g orally and 2.4 g intravenously) in 15 healthy and 17 diabetic subjects.- The intestinal absorption of glycerol was rapid, the maximum serum level of glycerol occurring 15 minutes after the intake. In diabetic subjects the increment of serum glycerol was significantly smaller than in control cases. However, three patients with hyperlipemia and diabetes formed a striking exception in having abnormally high peak glycerol levels. The plasma FFA level was not altered by oral glycerol. Blood glucose remained unchanged in the controls, but rose on an average 13 mg/100 ml in insulin-requiring diabetics. The intravenous glycerol disappearance curves were analysed by an electronic computer. With a few exceptions the result was compatible with a one-compartment kinetic model. The fractional disappearance rate of glycerol from this pool was significantly smaller in diabetics (0.041 min−1) than in control subjects (0.059 min−1). However, the total disappearance rate was twice as high in the diabetic as in the control group (mean values 3.85 and 1.73 μmolesper minute per kilogram, respectively).
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